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"The irregular and wild Glyndwr, (at least so tradition says) being enraged with Howel, who had refused to espouse his kinsman's and his country's cause, determined, during a cessation of arms, like Earl Percy of old, "to force the red deer from the forest brake," in the domains of the unbending lord of Nannau. Thither he repaired; and encountering Howell alone, but armed, they fought. Glyndwr conquered—his cousin fell. Owen returned in haste to his stronghold, Glyndwrdry. Howel was sought for, but nowhere found. The vassals of Nannau were filled with consternation and alarm; Sele's sorrowing lady shut herself up from the world in the solitude of her now gloomy castle. Year succeeded year, and yet no tidings were received of the absent Howel. His fate remained long unknown to all save Glyndwr, and his companion Madog. At length, one tempestuous evening in November, an armed horseman was descried urging his flagging steed up the hill that leads to Nannau, from the neighbouring town of Dolgellau It was Madog-who, after the death of the fiery, yet generous Glyndwr, hastened to fulfil his last command, and unravel the horrid mystery. He told his melancholy tale, and referred to the blasted oak in confirmation of its painful truth. Howel's unhallowed sepulchre was opened, and his skeleton discovered, grasping with his right hand his rusty sword. The remains were removed to the neighbouring monastery of Cymmer, for burial, and masses were performed for the repose of the troubled spirit of the Lancastrian Sele [Cambro-Briton].

The above tradition forms the subject of a very fine ballad by Mr. Warrington, printed in the notes to Marmion, by Sir Walter Scott. Let Madog, in the poet's words, complete the tale.

Led by the ardor of the chace,

Far distant from his own domain,
From where Garthmaelen spreads her shade,
The Glyndwr sought the opening plain.
With head aloft and antlers wide,

A red-buck roused, then cross'd his view;
Stung with the sight, and wild with rage,
Swift from the wood fierce Howel flew.

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This celebrated oak measured 27 feet 6 inches in circumference, and stood on the estate of Sir Robert

Williams Vaughan, Nannau Park, Merionethshire; who, after its fall, had a variety of utensils manufactured from its wood, which is of a beautiful dark colour approaching to ebony; and there is scarcely a house in Dolgelle that does not contain an engraving of this venerable tree, framed with the wood. At Nannau there are several relics; amongst others, a frame containing an engraved portrait of Pitt, and under it the following motto: "Y Gwr fal y dderwn a wynebodd y dymestl." "This man, like the oak, faced the tempest.'

A sepulchral tree somewhat similar has lately been discovered in France, in the hollow trunk of which was found the skeleton of a man, with his head downwards. No traditions, however, are extant, which either throw, or pretend to throw, any light upon this curious occurrence: neither were there any attendant circumstances which could prove whether the individual had been murdered, or whether "some fantastical suicide had chosen this extraordinary mode of self-destruction."

FIRE IN THE HUMAN BODY.

UNDER the title of Natural Magic SIR DAVID BREWSTER has just added a delightful little volume to MR. MURRAY'S Family Library, from which we extract an account of several extraordinary cases of the destruction of human bodies without flame.

That animal bodies are liable to internal burning is a fact which was well known to the ancients. Many cases which have been adduced as examples are merely cases of individuals who were highly susceptible of strong electrical excitation. In one of these it is asserted, that the sparks of fire thus produced reduced to ashes the hair of a young man; and in another, that the wife of a physician to the Archbishop of Toledo, emitted by perspiration an inflammable matter of such a nature, that when the ribbon, which she wore over her shift was taken from her, and exposed to the cold air, it instantly took fire, and shot forth like grains of gunpowder. Peter Borelli has recorded a fact of the very same kind respecting a peasant whose linen took fire, whether it was laid up in a box when wet, or hung up in the open air. The same author speaks of a woman who, when at the point of death, vomited flames; and Bartholin mentions this as having often happened to persons who were great drinkers of wine or brandy. De Castro mentions the singular case of a physician, from whose backbone there issued a fire which scorched the eyes of the beholders; and Krantius relates, that certain people of the territory of Nivers were burning with invisible fire, and that some of them cut off a foot or a hand where the burning began, in order to arrest the calamity. Nor have these effects been confined to man. In the time of the Roman consuls, a flame is said to have issued from the mouth of a bull without doing any injury to the animal.

The reader will judge of the degree of credit which may belong to these narrations when he examines the effects of a similar kind which have taken place in less fabulous ages, and nearer our own times. A Polish gentleman in the time of the Queen Bona Sforza, having drunk two dishes of a liquor called brandy-wine, vomited flames, and was burned by them; and Bartholin thus describes a similar accident: "A poor woman at Paris used to drink spirit of wine plentifully for the space of three years, so as to take nothing else. body contracted such a combustible disposition, that one night, when she lay down on a straw couch, she was all burned to ashes except her skull and the ex

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tremities of her fingers." Christopher Sturmius informs us that in the northern countries of Europe flames often evaporate from the stomachs of those who are addicted to the drinking of strong liquors: and he adds, "that seventeen years before, three noblemen of Courland drank by emulation strong liquors, and two of them died scorched and suffocated by a flame which issued from their stomach."

One of the most remarkable, is that of the Countess Zangari, which has been minutely described. This lady, who was in the sixty-second year of her age, retired to bed in her usual health. Here she spent above three hours in conversation with her maid, and in saying her prayers; and having at last fallen asleep, the door of her chamber was shut. As her maid was not summoned at the usual hour, she went into the bed-room to wake her mistress; but, receiving no answer, she opened the window, and saw her corpse on the floor, in the most dreadful condition. At the distance of four feet from the bed there was a heap of ashes. Her legs, with the stockings on, remained untouched, and the head, half-burned, lay between them. Nearly all the rest of the body was reduced to ashes. The air in the room was charged with floating soot. A small oil lamp on the floor was covered with ashes, but had no oil in it; and in two candlesticks, which stood upright upon a table, the cotton wick of both the candles was left, and the tallow of both had disappeared. The bed was not injured, and the blankets and sheets were raised on one side, as if a person had risen up from it. From an examination of all the circumstances of this case, it has been generally supposed, that an internal combustion had taken place; that the lady had risen from her bed to cool herself, and that, in her way to open the window, the combustion had overpowered her, and consumed her body by a process in which no flame was produced which could set fire to the furniture or the floor. The Marquis Scipio Maffei was informed by an Italian nobleman who passed through Cosena a few days after this event, that he heard it stated in that town, that the Countess was in the habit, when she felt herself indisposed, of washing all her body with camphorated spirit of wine.

FROM THE WAES OF WAR"
BY HECTOR M'NEILL

Oh that folk would well consider
What it is to lose a name,
What this world is altogether,
If bereft of honest fame!
Poverty ne'er brings dishonour,

Hardships ne'er breed sorrow's smart,
If bright Conscience takes upon her
To shed sunshine round the heart:
But, with all that wealth can borrow,

Guilty Shame will aye look down;
What must then, Shame, Want, and Sorrow,
Wandering sad from town to town!

OLDYS' ADDRESS TO A FLY.
Busy, curious, thirsty fly!
Drink with me, and drink as I!
Freely welcome to my cup,
Couldst thou sip and sip it up:
Make the most of life you may;
Life is short and wears away.
Both alike are mine and thine
Hastening quick to their decline!
Thine's a summer, mine no more,
Though repeated to threescore!
Threescore summers, when they're gone,
Will appear as short as one!

PRESENT STATE OF THE WORSHIP OF
JAGGANÁTHA, (or Juggernaut.)

THE temple of Jagganátha at Poree is surrounded by a number of other idolatrous temples and shrines, forming altogether a large and very singular mass of buildings. By the kindness of the Royal Asiatic Society, we have been enabled, in a former Number, to give to our readers accurate representations of these abodes of superstition.

They stand within a square enclosure, each side of which measures about 600 feet, and the whole is surrounded by a stone wall about twenty feet high. Within the great enclosure is a smaller one, also surrounded by a wall; the ground is raised about twenty feet, and upon that terrace stand the temples of Jag

space between the two enclosures is occupied by about fifty other temples dedicated to the various idols to the Hindoo superstition. The great tower is the residence of Sri Jeo and his brother and sister. Its execution is rude and inelegant, and the form and proportions by no means pleasing to the eye. It is overlaid with a coating of plaster, of which only patches remain, and the effect of the whole is made worse by parts of the fabric, and the sculptures upon them, being daubed with red paint. The height of the tower is about 180 feet from the terrace, the ground plan is a square, measuring thirty feet on a side.

So recently as 1744, a similar example of spontane-ganátha which are represented in our first plate. The ous combustion occurred in our own country, at Ipswich. A fisherman's wife, of the name of Grace Pett, of the parish of St. Clements, had been in the habit, for several years, of going down stairs every night after she was half-undressed, to smoke a pipe. She did this on the evening of the 9th of April, 1744. Her daughter, who lay in the same bed with her, had fallen asleep, and did not miss her mother till she waked early in the morning. Upon dressing herself, and going down stairs, she found her mother's body lying on the right side, with her head against the grate, and extended over the hearth, with her legs on the deal floor, and appearing like a block of wood burning with a glowing fire without flame. Upon quenching the fire with two bowls of water, the neighbours, whom the cries of the daughter had brought in, were almost stifled with the smell. The trunk of the unfortunate woman was almost burned to ashes, and appeared like a heap of charcoal covered with white ashes. The head, arms, legs, and thighs, were also much burned. There was no fire whatever in the grate, and the candle was burnt out in the socket of the candlestick, which stood by her. The clothes of a child, on one side of her, and a paper screen on the other, were untouched; and the deal floor was neither singed nor discoloured, It was said that the woman had drunk plentifully of gin over-night, in welcoming a daughter who had recently returned from Gibraltar.

The next building to the tower is the great antichamber of the temple into which it opens. It is her that the image is exposed to view at the feast called the bathing festival.

Next stands a low building or portico, intended as an awning to shelter the entrance from the rays of the sun-the other building with a pyramidical roof is the place to which the food, prepared for the pilgrims, is daily brought, previous to its distribution. The walls of the temple which are visible beyond the enclosure, are covered with statues of the grossest obscenity, thus openly exhibiting the degrading alliance which has always been found to exist between idolatry and the lowest and most disgusting vices. There are a vast number of priests and servants, including a number of wretched women, devoted to the

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There are two principal feasts which attract multitudes of pilgrims to these temples, from all parts of India. The first is called the bathing feast, the other and greatest of all, the chariot feast. At the former Sri Jeo and his brother after undergoing certain washings, are supposed to take the form of the elephantheaded god; to represent which the images are dressed up with an appropriate mask. Thus arrayed, they are exposed to view on the terrace overlooking the wall, surrounded by crowds of priests, who fan them to drive away the flies, whilst the multitude below gaze in stupid admiration. The scene is thus described by Capt. Mundy in his very entertaining Pen and Pencil Sketches of India.

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crowd fell back from before them; two brilliant lights were illumined; and we saw distinctly three frightful wooden faces, of the respective colours of black, brown, and yellow; the lower portions of the figures being closely swathed in cloth wrappers."

The great festival of the Chariot is held for the performance of an annual excursion with which the idols are treated, to a temple about a mile and a half from Pooree. The following account of it is given by Mr. Sterling, whose long residence in the district in which temples are built, and intimate acquaintance with every part of the subject, give a value to his evidence far superior to that of any occasional visitor.

"On the day appointed, after various prayers and ceremonies have been gone through within the temple, the images are brought from their throne to the outside of the Lion gate-not with decency and reverence, seated on a litter or vehicle adapted to such an occasion-but a common cord being fastened round their necks, certain priests to whom the duty belongs, drag them down the steps and through the mud, whilst others keep the figures erect, and help their movements by shoving them from behind, in the most indifferent and unceremonious manner, as if they thought the whole business a good joke. In this way the monstrous idols go rocking and pitching along through the crowd, until they reach the cars, which they are made to ascend by a similar process, up an inclined platform, reaching from the stage of the machine to the ground. On the other hand, a powerful feeling of superstitious enthusiasm pervades the admiring multitude. When the beloved images first make their appearance through the gate, they welcome them with the loudest shouts of joy, and stunning cries of "victory to Jagganátha," and when the monster Jagganátha himself, the most hideous of all the figures, is dragged forth, the last in order, the air is rent with plaudits and acclamations. These celebrated idols are nothing more than wooden busts about six feet in height, fashioned into a rude resemblance of the human head resting on a sort of pedestal as represented in our engraving. They are painted, white, yellow, and black, respectively, with frightfully grim and distorted countenances, and are decorated with a head-dress of different coloured cloths, shaped something like a helmet. The two brothers have arms projecting horizontally forward from the ears; but the sister is entirely devoid of that member of the human form. Their raths, or cars, (one of which is represented in the engraving) have an imposing air from their size and loftiness, being about forty feet high, with solid wheels of six feet diameter, but every part of the ornament is of the most mean and paltry description, save only the covering of striped and spangled broad cloth, furnished from the export warehouse of the British Government, the splendour and

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"On hearing that the idols had been brought out of the temple, and that they were now exhibited to the admiring gaze of the multitude who had travelled so far to pay their respects, I mounted an elephant, and with two or three others of our party repaired to the open market place, opposite to the platform of the temple. Winding our way carefully through the assembled crowds, we took post in a convenient spot; our ex-gorgeous effect of which make up in a great measure alted situation enabling us to see over the heads of the pedestrian gazers. Their godships were formed up in line, on an elevated terrace within the enclosure, and protected from the night dews by an extensive and gaudy canopy of many coloured cloths. The evening was dark, and at intervals blue lights were thrown up to enable the spectators to view the ceremony; but the idols being almost constantly hidden by a forest of fans of various forms, diligently agitated by the attendant Brahmins, to prevent the flies and musquitos from invading their sacred noses, we sent a polite note to the chief priest, requesting that he would cause the officials to open out for an instant to the right and left, in order to afford us the satisfaction of contemplating the expressive countenances of the worshipful trio. Our embassy succeeded, the

for other deficiencies. After the images have been safely lodged in their vehicles, a box is brought forth containing the golden or gilded feet, hands, and ears of the great idol, which are fixed on the proper parts with due ceremony, and a scarlet scarf is carefully arranged round the lower part of the body or pedestal. Thus equipped and decorated, it is worshipped in much pomp and state by the Rajah of Khoorda, who performs before it the ceremony of sweeping with a richly ornamented broom. As soon as the proper signal has been given to the multitudes assembled, they seize on the cables which are fastened to the car, when all advance forwards a few yards, hauling along generally two of the raths at a time. The joy and shouts of the crowd, on their first movement, the creaking sound of the wheels as these ponderous

machines roll along, the clatter of hundreds of harshsounding instruments, and the general appearance of so immense a moving mass of human beings, produce, it must be acknowledged, an impressive, astounding, and somewhat picturesque effect, whilst the novelty of the scene lasts, though the contemplation of it cannot fail of exciting the strongest sensations of pain and disgust in the mind of every christian spectator.

The most shocking circumstance immediately connected with this procession of the idol Juggernaut, is the self-sacrifice of worshippers, by throwing themselves under the ponderous wheels of his car. This dreadful sight was witnessed by Dr. Buchanan in 1806. He thus describes the scene.-"After the tower had proceeded some way, a pilgrim announced that he was ready to offer himself a sacrifice to the idol. He laid himself down in the road before the

The Car of Juggernaut.

tower as it was moving along, lying on his face with his arms stretched forwards. The multitude passed round him, leaving the space clear, and as he was crushed to death by the wheels of the tower, loud sbouts of joy were raised to the god. The people threw cowries, or small money, on the body of the victim, in approbation of the deed. He was left to view a considerable time, and was then carried by the Hurries to the Golgotha, where I have just been viewing his remaius.' Yesterday," says Dr. Buchanan afterwards, "a woman devoted herself to the idol. She laid herself down on the road in a slanting direction, so that the wheel did not kill her instantaneously, as is generally the case; but she died in a few hours. This morning, as I passed the place of skulls, nothing remained of her but her bones, the dogs and vultures had destroyed the rest."

It is gratifying to add that the excess of fanaticism which formerly led the pilgrims to throw themselves in numbers under the wheels of the cars, has happily lost nearly all its influence. In four years Mr. Stirling says only three instances occurred, one of which it was thought was accidental, and the other victims were persons who having long suffered under excruciating complaints, chose this mode of self-murder in preference to any other, which the despair of a mind not upheld by christian hope might resort to. The waste of life however, caused by the pilgrimage from the most distant parts of India, to visit a spot of land deemed so holy, is frightfully great; it is occasioned by excessive fatigue, want of means to procure food, and disease caused by the immense multitude assembled together in a hot climate, at an unhealthy season, and communicating infection to each other. Of late years the cholera has made great havoc among them.

The abominations of this monstrous and disgraceful idolatry, seem to be fast drawing to a close. Nothing can long prevent the light of Divine Truth from penetrating into these "dark places of the earth," which are indeed "full of the habitations of cruelty." And unless it be upheld by the agents of a Christian Government, the whole system is likely to fall into ruin. Mr. Stirling's testimony on this point is decisive. He says "even the god's own servants will not labour zealously and effectually without the interposi-, tion of authority, and I imagine the ceremony would soon cease to be conducted on its present scale and footing, if the institution were left entirely to its fate and to its own resources by the officers of the British Government."

The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge has very lately presented a memorial to the government, praying that this subject may be taken into consideration. And we cannot doubt that it will receive their serious attention.

The duty of this nation with regard to Indian idolatry is quite clear. The great Ruler of the world, in furtherance of the high purposes of his all controlling Providence, has committed India to our superintendence. And though we are not at liberty to resort to violence and persecution as the Mahomedans did, we are not guiltless before God, if we add one jot to the influence, or move one step to preserve from ruin, a worship that insults the majesty of the God, and that debases, corrupts, and blinds the creatures of his hand.

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[Abridged from PHILLIPS' Flora Historica.] IT is not yet an age since this sweet smelling weed of Egypt first perfumed the European gardens, yet it has so far naturalized itself to our climate, as to spring from seeds of its own scattering, and thus convey its delightful odour from the palace of the prince to the most humble garden of the cottager.

In less than another age, we foretell (without the aid of Egyptian art) that the children of our peasants will gather this luxurious little plant amongst the wild flowers of our hedge-rows.

The Reseda Odorata first found its way to the South of France, where it was welcomed by the name of Mignonette, Little-darling, which was found too appropriate for this sweet little flower to be exchanged for

any other. By a manuscript note in the library of the late Sir Joseph Banks, it appears that the seed of the Mignonette was sent in 1742, by Lord Bateman, from the Royal Garden at Paris, to Mr. Richard Bateman, at Old Windsor; but we should presume that this seed was not dispersed, and perhaps not cultivated, beyond Mr. Bateman's garden, as we find that Mr. Miller received the seed from Dr. Adrian van Royen, of Leyden, and cultivated it in the Botanic Garden at Chelsea, in the year 1752. From Chelsea it soon got into the gardens of the London florists, so as to enable them to supply the metropolis with plants to furnish out the balconies; which is noticed by Cowper, who attained the age of twenty-one in the year that this flower first perfumed the English atmosphere by its fragrance. The author of the Task soon afterwards celebrates it as a favourite plant in London :

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-The sashes fronted with a range Of orange, myrtle, or the fragrant weed. The odour which this little flower exhales is thought by some, whose sense of smell is delicate, to be too powerful for the house; but even those persons, we should think, must be delighted with the fragrance which it throws from the balconies into the streets of London, giving something like a breath of garden air to the "close pent man." We have frequently found the perfume of the Mignonette so powerful in some of the better streets of London, that we have considered it sufficient to protect the inhabitants from those effluvias which bring disorders with them in the air. The perfume of Mignonette in the streets of our metropolis, reminds us oddly enough of the fragrance from the roasting of coffee in many parts of Paris, without which some of the streets of business in that city would scarcely be endurable in the rainy season.

The Sweet Reseda, or Mignonette, is now said to grow naturally in some parts of Barbary, as well as in Egypt. Monsieur Desfontaines observed it grow ing in the sands near Mascar, in the former country, but it might have been accidentally scattered there, or have escaped from the gardens of the Moors.

This tribe of plants, of which we have twelve kinds, was named Reseda by the ancients, from the word resedare, to assuage, because some of the species were esteemed good for assuaging pains; and we learn from Pliny, that the Reseda was considered to possess even the power of charming away many disorders. He tells us that it grew near the city of Ariminum, now Rimini, in Italy; and that when it was used to resolve swellings, or to assuage inflammations, it was the custom to repeat a form of words, thrice, spitting on the ground at each repetition.

We notice these absurd superstitions of the ancients, which are scarcely yet forgotten in many villages of this and other countries, to show how much the minds of the ignorant have always been prone towards the marvellous, and not that we

Hold each strange tale devoutly true.

The Mignonette is one of the plants whose unassuming little flowers never weary our sight: it is therefore made an image of those interesting persons whom time cannot change, and who, although deficient in dazzling beauty, attach us for life, when once they have succeeded in pleasing without its aid. Hence it is but a natural desire that we should wish to give a yearly plant a continual existence. This has, in a great measure, been accomplished, for the scented Tree Mignonette is now frequently to be met with.

The Mignonette is changed into a lasting shrub, which dispenses its sweet odours at all seasons of the year, by the following simple treatment: a healthy

young plant should be placed in a garden-pot, with a stick of about two feet in height by its side to tie up its branches to, as it advances in height, the leaves and young branches being kept stripped off from the lower part, so as to form a stem to the height required. This stem will become sufficiently hard and woody to endure the winter, by being placed in a green-house, or the window of a common sitting-room, and may be preserved for several years, it air is given to it whenever the weather will allow, so that the young branches do not become too delicate. As soon as the seed-vessels begin to form, they should be cut off, which will cause the plant to throw out a fresh supply of blossoms: but these plants should never be suffered to perfect their seed, as it would greatly weaken them, and generally cause their entire decay; for the sweet Reseda grows yearly in its proper climate, and therefore naturally decays when it has ripened its seed.

We have made the same experiment on other annual plants, which have survived through the winter, and produced blossom on the following year, when their flower-stalks have been cut off before the formation of seed has taken place. By this means, also, Stocks and Wall-flowers, which blossom in the spring, will be found to flower a second time in the summer, if their branches are cut off. We have frequently made the experiment on early-flowering Honeysuckles, and obtained a fine display of corollas in the autumn; for it appears almost like instinct in plants to endeavour to perform their office to nature in rendering up their various seeds. The reason of this is, that the roots have drawn up and furnished the trunk with the due proportion of nourishment required to perfect the seed-vessels and the seeds, and the vital principle of the germ also rests in the trunk and branches until it be drawn forth by the various seed-bearing parts, which is prevented by separating these parts from the branches; consequently, the juices are forced into other directions, and form a second attempt to expand themselves agreeably to their various natures.

Some florists, who considered the Tree Mignonette as a distinct species of the Reseda, obtained seeds of the Tree Mignonette from their seedsmen, who, considering it was the tall-growing Reseda Lutea, sent such, which, after having been nursed up with care and potted with attention, proved to be only the common Reseda, or Dyer's Weed of our fields.

It is frequently observed that the seeds of the Sweet Reseda, which scatter themselves in the autumn, produce finer plants than those that are sown in the spring, which should teach us to sow a part of our seed at that season of the year, when, if not successful, it may be repeated in the spring; and we have generally found those self-sown plants most productive of seed.

To procure early-flowering plants of Mignonette, the seeds should be sown in pots or boxes in the autumn, and kept in frames through the winter; but when this is omitted, the plants may be forwarded by sowing the seed on a gentle hot-bed in the spring. A small border of Sweet Reseda will produce seed sufficient to scatter over a large portion of hedgerowbanks, and if one seed out of ten spring up amongst the bushes, it will be sufficient to fill whole vales with fragrance, “like a stream of rich-distilled perfumes.'

FASHIONABLE DRESSES.

In England a taste for splendid dress existed in the reign of Henry VII, as is observable by the following description of Nicholas, Lord Vaux. "In the

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