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Number of electors for President and Vice-President
in each State shall be equal to the number of Sen-
ators and Representatives to which such State
may be entitled in Congress.

No soldier shall be quartered in any house with-
out the consent of the owner in time of.
[Amendments]..

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Pensions and bounties shall not be questioned. The
validity of the public debt incurred in suppressing
insurrection and rebellion against the United
States, including the debt for. [Amendments]
Pennsylvania entitled to eight Representatives in
the first Congress

People, peaceably to assemble and petition for re-
dress of grievances, shall not be abridged by Con-
gress. The right of the. [Amendments]

To keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. A
well-regulated militia being necessary to the
security of a free State, the right of the.
[Amendments)..

To be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects, against unreasonable searches and
seizures shall not be violated. The right of the.
[Amendments]...

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Perfect Union, &c. To establish a more. [Preamble)..
Persons, houses, papers, and effects against unrea-
sonable searches and seizures. The people shall be
secured in their. [Amendments).

172

People. The enumeration of certain rights in the
Constitution shall not be held to deny or disparage
others retained by the. [Amendments]

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Against the United States, except in cases of im-
peachment. The President may grant reprieves
or pardons for

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Office under the United States. No person shall be a
member of either House while holding any civil

No Senator or Representative shall be appointed
to any office under the United States which
shall have been created, or its emoluments in-
creased, during the term for which he is elect-
ed

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Persons, as any State may think proper to admit,
shall not be prohibited prior to 1808. The migra-
tion or importation of such

But a tax or duty of ten dollars shall be imposed
on the importation of each of such

Petition for the redress of grievances. Congress shall
make no law abridging the right of the people
peaceably to assemble and to. [Amendments]
Piracies and felonies committed on the high seas.
Congress shall define and punish.

Place than that in which the two Houses shall be
sitting. Neither House during the session shall,
without the consent of the other, adjourn for
more than three days, nor to any other..
Places of choosing Senators. Congress may by law
make or alter regulations for the election of Sena-
tors and Representatives, except as to the

Poll tax. The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United
States or any State by reason of failure to pay.
[Amendments)

Ports of one State over those of another. Preference
shall not be given by any regulation of commerce
or revenue to the

Vessels clearing from the ports of one State shall
not pay duties in another........

Post offices and post roads. Congress shall establish.
Powers herein granted shall be vested in Congress.
All legislative....

Powers vested by the Constitution in the Govern-
ment or in any Department or officer of the
United States. Congress shall make all laws neces-
sary to carry into execution the

Powers and duties of the office shall devolve on the
Vice-President, on the removal, death, resignation,
or inability of the President. The..

Powers not delegated to the United States nor pro-
hibited to the States are reserved to the States
and to the people. [Amendments].

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The enumeration of certain rights in this Consti-
tution shall not be held to deny or disparage
others retained by the people. [Amendments].. 9

Preference, by any regulation of commerce or reve-
nue, shall not be given to the ports of one State
over those of another

Prejudice any claims of the United States or of any
particular State in the territory or property of the
United States. Nothing in this Constitution shall
Present, emolument, office, or title of any kind
whatever from any king, prince, or foreign State.
No person holding any office under the United
States shall, without the consent of Congress,
accept any

Presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the
militia when in actual service. No person shall be
held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous
crime unless on a. [Amendments]

President of the United States. The Senate shall
choose a President pro tempore when the Vice-
President shall exercise the office of.

Additional provision for succession through act
of Congress. [Amendments]

Succession in case of death. [Amendments]
Succession in case of failure to be chosen or
qualified. [Amendments].......

Term of office, beginning and ending. [Amend-
ments]

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Pardons, except in cases of impeachment. The Presi-
dent may grant reprieves and

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Patent rights to inventors. Congress may pass laws
for securing.

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Peace. Members of Congress shall not be privileged
from arrest for treason, felony, and breach of the ..
No State shall, without the consent of Congress,
keep troops or ships of war in time of

gress before they shall become laws.

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Art. Sec. Cl.

They shall make distinct lists of the persons
voted for as President and as Vice-President,
which they shall sign and certify and transmit
sealed to the President of the Senate at the
seat of government. [Amendments]

The President of the Senate shall, in the pres-
ence of the Senate and House of Representa-
tives, open all the certificates, and the votes
shall then be counted. [Amendments].....

The person having the greatest number of votes
shall be the President, if such number be a ma-
jority of the whole number of electors appoint-
ed. [Amendments)

If no person have such majority, then from the
persons having the highest numbers, not ex-
ceeding three, on the list of those voted for as
President, the House of Representatives shall
choose immediately, by ballot, the President.
[Amendments]..

In choosing the President, the votes shall be
taken by States, the representation from each
State having one vote. [Amendments]

A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a
member or members from two-thirds of the
States, and a majority of all the States shall be
necessary to a choice. [Amendments]

But if no choice shall be made before the 4th of
March next following, then the Vice-President
shall act as President, as in the case of the
death or disability of the President. (Amend-
ments]

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The District of Columbia, to appoint in such
manner as the Congress may direct, a number
of electors equal to the whole number of Sena-
tors and Representatives to which the District
would be entitled if a State. [Amendments] 23 1

President of the Senate, but shall have no vote
unless the Senate be equally divided. The Vice-
President shall be

President pro tempore. In the absence of the Vice-
President the Senate shall choose a

When the Vice-President shall exercise the
office of President of the United States, the
Senate shall choose a

President to transmit his declaration of inability
to discharge the powers and duties of his office
to [Amendments).

Vice-President and a majority of the principal
officers of the executive departments to trans-
mit their declaration of the President's inabil-
ity to discharge the powers and duties of his
office to [Amendments).

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135

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Press. Congress shall pass no law abridging the free-
dom of speech or of the. [Amendments]
Previous condition of servitude. The right of citi-
zens of the United States to vote shall not be
denied or abridged by the United States, or by any
State, on account of race, color, or. (Amendments). 15 1

Primary elections. The right of citizens of the
United States to vote in shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or any State by
reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
[Amendments]

Privilege. Senators and Representatives shall, in all
cases except treason, felony, and breach of the
peace be privileged from arrest during their at-
tendance at the session of their respective Houses,
and in going to and returning from the same

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Private property shall not be taken for public use
without just compensation. [Amendments]

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Privileges and immunities of citizens of the United
States. The citizens of each State shall be entitled
to all the privileges and immunities of the citizens
of the several States.

No soldier shall be quartered in any house with-
out the consent of the owner in time of peace.
[Amendments)..

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Nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of its laws. [Amendments] 14 1

Prizes captured on land or water. Congress shall
make rules concerning

Probable cause. The right of the people to be secure
in their persons, houses, papers, and effects,
against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall
not be violated. And no warrant shall issue for
such but upon. [Amendments]

Process of law. No person shall be compelled in any
criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor
be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without
due. [Amendments]..

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Qualification for office. No religious test shall ever
be required as a.

Qualifications of electors of members of the House
of Representatives shall be the same as electors
for the most numerous branch of the State legisla-
ture.

Qualifications of electors of Senators shall be the
same as electors of the most numerous branch of
the State legislature. (Amendments]

Qualifications of members of the House of Repre-
sentatives. They shall be twenty-five years, of age,
seven years a citizen of the United States, and an
inhabitant of the State in which chosen

Of Senators. They shall be thirty years of age,
nine years a citizen of the United States, and
an inhabitant of the State in which chosen

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Race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The
right of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States or
by any State on account of. [Amendments]....
Ratification of amendments to the Constitution
shall be by the legislatures of three-fourths of the
several States or by conventions in three-fourths
of the States, accordingly as Congress may pro-

pose

Ratification of the conventions of nine States shall
be sufficient to establish the Constitution between
the States so ratifying the same

Ratio or representation until the first enumeration
under the Constitution shall be made not to
exceed one for every thirty thousand.

Ratio of representation shall be apportioned among
the several States according to their respective
numbers, counting the whole number of persons in
each State, excluding Indians not taxed. [Amend-
ments).

But when the right to vote for Presidential elec-
tors or members of Congress, or the legislative,
executive, and judicial officers of the State,
except for engaging in rebellion or other crime,
shall be denied or abridged by a State, the
basis of representation shall be reduced there-
in in the proportion of such denial or abridg-
ment of the right to vote. [Amendments)..

Rebellion against the United States. Persons who,
while holding certain Federal and State offices,
took an oath to support the Constitution, after-
ward engaged in insurrection or rebellion, disabled
from holding office under the United States.
[Amendments]

But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of
each House remove such disability. [Amend-
ments]

Debts incurred for pensions and bounties for
services in suppressing the rebellion shall not
be questioned. [Amendments]

All debts and obligations incurred in aid of the
rebellion, and all claims for the loss or emanci-
pation of slaves, declared and held to be illegal
and void. (Amendments]

Rebellion or invasion. The writ of habeas corpus
shall not be suspended except when the public
safety may require it in cases of

Receipts and expenditures of all public money shall
be published from time to time. A regular state-
ment of

Recess of the Senate. The President may grant com-
missions, which shall expire at the end of the next
session, to fill vacancies that may happen during
the

Reconsideration of a bill returned by the President
with his objections. Proceedings to be had upon
the

Records, and judicial proceedings of every other
State. Full faith and credit shall be given in each
State to the acts.

Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving
such acts, records, and proceedings

Redress of grievances. Congress shall make no law
abridging the right of the people peaceably to as-
semble and to petition for the. [Amendments]

Regulations, except as to the places of choosing Sen-
ators. The time, places, and manner of holding
elections for Senators and Representatives shall
be prescribed by the legislatures of the States, but
Congress may at any time by law make or alter
such

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197

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Reprieves and pardons except in cases of impeach-
ment. The President may grant..

Reprisal. Congress shall have power to grant letters
of marque and

No State shall grant any letters of marque and....
Republican form of government. The United States
shall guarantee to every State in this Union a .........
And shall protect each of them against invasion,
and on the application of the legislature, or of
the executive (when the legislature cannot be
convened), against domestic violence.

Reserved rights of the States and the people. The
enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights
shall not be construed to deny or disparage others
retained by the people. [Amendments]

The powers not delegated to the United States
by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the
States, are reserved to the States respectively,
or to the people. [Amendments]

Resignation of the President- The duties and
powers of his office shall devolve on the Vice-
President. In case of the death

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Science and the useful arts by securing to authors
and inventors the exclusive right to their writings
and discoveries. Congress shall have power to pro-
mote the progress of.

Searches and seizures shall not be violated. The
right of the people to be secure against unreason-
able. [Amendments).

And no warrants shall be issued but upon prob-
able cause, on oath or affirmation, describing
the place to be searched and the persons or
things to be seized. [Amendments]

Seat of Government. Congress shall exercise exclu-
sive legislation in all cases over such district as
may become the..

Securities and current coin of the United States.
Congress shall provide for punishing the counter-
feiting of the

Security of a free State, the right of the people to
keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. A well-
regulated militia being necessary to the. [Amend-
ments].

Senate and House of Representatives. The Congress
of the United States shall consist of a......

Senate of the United States. The Senate shall be
composed of two Senators from each State, chosen
by the legislature for six years

The Senate shall be composed of two Senators
from each State, elected by the people thereof,
for six years. [Amendments]

Qualifications of electors of Senators. [Amend-
ments]

If vacancies happen during the recess of the leg-
islature of a State, the executive thereof may
make temporary appointments until the next
meeting of the legislature

When vacancies happen the executive authority
of the State shall issue writs of election to fill
such vacancies; provided, that the legislature
of any State may empower the executive
thereof to make temporary appointment until
the people fill the vacancies by election as the
legislature may direct. [Amendments]

The Vice-President shall be President of the
Senate, but shall have no vote unless the
Senate be equally divided..

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and
also a President pro tempore in the absence of
the Vice-President or when he shall exercise
the office of President

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When the President of the United States is tried
the Chief Justice shall preside; and no person
shall be convicted without the concurrence of
two-thirds of the members present

It shall be the judge of the elections, returns,
and qualifications of its own members

A majority shall constitute a quorum to do busi-
ness, but a smaller number may adjourn from
day to day, and may be authorized to compel
the attendance of absent members.

It may determine the rules of its proceedings,
punish a member for disorderly behavior, and
with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a
member

It shall keep a journal of its proceedings and
from time to time publish the same, except
such parts as may in their judgment require
secrecy.....

It shall not adjourn for more than three days
during a session without the consent of the
other House

It may propose amendments to bills for raising
revenue, but such bills shall originate in the
House of Representatives..

The Senate shall advise and consent to the rati-
fication of all treaties, provided two-thirds of
the members present concur

It shall advise and consent to the appointment
of ambassadors, other public ministers and
consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all
other officers not herein otherwise provided

for

It may be convened by the President on extraor-
dinary occasions

No State, without its consent, shall be deprived
of its equal suffrage in the Senate

Senators. They shall, immediately after assembling,
under their first election, be divided into three
classes, so that the seats of one-third shall become
vacant at the expiration of every second year...

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152

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154

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Art. Sec. Cl.

No person shall be a Senator who shall not be
thirty years of age, nine years a citizen of the
United States, and an inhabitant when elected
of the State for which he shall be chosen.....
The times, places, and manner of choosing Sena-
tors may be fixed by the legislature of a State,
but Congress may by law make or alter such
regulations, except as to the places of choosing
If vacancies happen during the recess of the leg-
islature of a State, the executive thereof may
make temporary appointments until the next
meeting of the legislature.

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If vacancies happen the executive authority of
the State shall issue writs of election to fill
such vacancies; provided, that the legislature
of any State may empower the executive
thereof to make temporary appointment until
the people fill the vacancies by election as the
legislature may direct. [Amendments]

Art. Sec. Cl.

State legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi-
cers of the United States, shall take an oath to
support the Constitution. All members of the sev-
eral

States. When vacancies happen in the representa-
tion from any State, the executive authority shall
issue writs of election to fill such vacancies

When vacancies happen in the representation of
any State in the Senate, the executive authori-
ty shall issue writs of election to fill such va-
cancies. [Amendments]

Congress shall have power to regulate commerce
among the several.

No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or
confederation.....

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Shall not pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto
law, or law impairing the obligation of con-
tracts..

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They shall in all cases, except treason, felony,
and breach of the peace, be privileged from
arrest during their attendance at the session of
the Senate and in going to and returning from
the same

Shall not make anything but gold and silver coin
a tender in payment of debts.

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No person holding any office under the United
States shall be a member of either House
during his continuance in office

No Senator or Representative or person holding
an office of trust or profit under the United
States shall be an elector for President and
Vice-President

Senators and Representatives shall be bound by
an oath or affirmation to support the Consti-
tution

No person shall be a Senator or Representative
who, having, as a Federal or State officer,
taken an oath to support the Constitution,
afterward engaged in rebellion against the
United States. [Amendments].....

But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of
each House, remove such disability. [Amend-
ments]

Service or labor in one State, escaping into another
State, shall be delivered up to the party to whom
such service or labor may be due. Fugitives from ....
Servitude, except as a punishment for crime, where-
of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall
exist in the United States or any place subject to
their jurisdiction. Neither slavery nor involuntary.
[Amendments)

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Shall not grant any title of nobility
Shall not, without the consent of Congress, lay
any duties on imports or exports, except what
may be absolutely necessary for executing its
inspection laws

Shall not, without the consent of Congress, lay
any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of
war in time of peace, enter into any agreement
or compact with another State or with a for-
eign power, or engage in war unless actually in-
vaded or in such imminent danger as will not
admit of delay.

Full faith and credit in every other State shall
be given to the public acts, records, and judi-
cial proceedings of each State

Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving
such acts, records, and proceedings.
Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all
privileges and immunities of citizens in the sev-
eral States

New States may be admitted by Congress into
this Union...

But no new State shall be formed or erected
within the jurisdiction of another State

Nor any State formed by the junction of two or
more States or parts of States, without the
consent of the legislatures as well as of Con-
gress.....

No State shall be deprived, without its consent,
of its equal suffrage in the Senate

Three-fourths of the legislatures of the States,
or conventions of three-fourths of the States,
as Congress shall prescribe, may ratify amend-
ments to the Constitution

The United States shall guarantee a republican
form of government to every State in the
Union..

They shall protect each State against invasion
And on application of the legislature, or the ex-
ecutive (when the legislature cannot be con-
vened), against domestic violence

The ratification by nine States shall be suffi-
cient to establish the Constitution between the
States so ratifying the same

When the choice of President shall devolve on
the House of Representatives, the vote shall be
taken by States. [Amendments]

But in choosing the President the vote shall be
taken by States, the representation from each
State having one vote. [Amendments]

A quorum for choice of President shall consist of
a member or members from two-thirds of the
States, and a majority of all the States shall be
necessary to a choice. [Amendments]

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States or the people. Powers not delegated to the
United States, nor prohibited to the States, are re-
served to the. [Amendments]

10

South Carolina entitled to five Representatives in
the first Congress

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Speaker and other officers. The House of Repre-
sentatives shall choose their

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No denial of right to vote on account of sex.
[Amendments].......

Suits at common law, where the value in controversy
shall exceed $20, shall be tried by jury. [Amend-
ments]

In law or equity against one of the States, by
citizens of another State, or by citizens of a
foreign State. The judicial power of the United
States shall not extend to. [Amendments]

Supreme Court. Congress shall have power to consti-
tute tribunals inferior to the

Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as Congress
may establish. The judicial power of the United
States shall be vested in one

Supreme Court. The judges of the Supreme and in-
ferior courts shall hold their offices during good
behavior...

The compensation of the judges shall not be di-
minished during their continuance in office ......

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