poisons are recognized. The first is the highly toxic class as defined in § 162.8. The second is the class immediately below the highly toxic, and in general includes formulations having toxicities down to one-tenth those of the highly toxic class. The third group embraces products having hazards below the class two but to a degree which still requires some cautions and usually includes toxicities down to about one-tenth of those in class two. The fourth class is comparatively free from danger.

(2) Products in the categories specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph are to be distinguished from each other by the following general scheme:

(i) Highly toxic products are required by the act to be labeled with the skull and crossbones, the word "Poison" (in red) on a contrasting background, and an antidote statement. The antidote statement should include the sentence "Call A Physician Immediately." In addition, the label should carry the word "Warning" and instructions for handling to reduce chances of injury in use.

(ii) Labels of products which fall in the second category should carry warning statements equivalent to those required for highly toxic materials, but they do not need to bear the skull and crossbones, the word "Poison," or an antidote statement.

(iii) Labels of products in the third category should carry the word "Caution" and statements indicating the means of avoiding the principal hazards of use.

Use of the skull and crossbones, the word "Poison," and antidote statements are not necessary for these products.

(iv) No warning, caution, or antidote statements are required for the few formulations in the fourth category, although unqualified claims for safety are usually not justified.

(c) Miscellaneous provisions. (1) Warning or caution statements on the labels of economic poisons must give concise and easily understood warnings as to the hazards associated with the use of the products, together with instructions to be followed to insure adequate protection. Precautionary labeling should warn against the hazards associated with the formulation both as it is sold and as used by the customer, whether it is suitable for use directly or must be diluted or mixed prior to application.

(2) The precautionary labeling detailed in this interpretation for specific economic poisons is directed primarily toward the avoidance of hazard to the persons handling or applying the economic poison and to persons or animals exposed to the economic poison incident to its handling or use. The manufacturer should recognize the possibility of injury of other types associated with the use of his product and the label should bear suitable directions for the avoidance of such injury. When an economic poison is intended for use on or around feed or food products and contamination with harmful residues may occur, the label should bear specific statements adequate to avoid danger of contaminating such feed or foodstuffs. For some formulations, the residues of which may be readily removed by washing or mechanical means without damage to the product, a statement such as "remove residues at harvest by-(stating an effective method of removal)-" will be acceptable. For formulations whose residues cannot be readily removed or where the product would be damaged in the process of removal, but where the residues disappear progressively, directions such as "Do not apply within— (stating a period adequate to reduce residues to a safe level)-days of harvest" will be acceptable. For still other formulations whose residues cannot readily be removed without damage to the product and do not disappear within a reasonable time, a statement such as "Do not apply after edible parts begin to form" may be required. When directions for use of sprays in food handling establishments are otherwise acceptable, a statement such as "Cover or remove all exposed food, utensils, and containers before spraying" may be required. In order to avoid contamination of milk or meat, certain economic poisons must bear directions against application in dairy barns, to dairy animals, or animals being finished for slaughter, or to forage crops to be used as feed for dairy animals or animals being finished for slaughter. Products which would be used in a manner likely to destroy beneficial insects should bear appropriate directions, such as proper timing of application to avoid destruction of pollinating insects. Products which might be injurious to fish and wildlife after extensive use or indiscriminate disposal of excess material or spray-tank washings, and which bear

directions for widespread use in areas where contamination of waterways would be possible, should bear directions such as "To protect fish and wildlife, do not contaminate streams, lakes, or ponds with this material.” Herbicides which might be used in a manner likely to cause injury to beneficial vegetation should carry directions warning against the danger of drifting of dusts, spray mist, or vapors from volatile ingredients.

(3) In general, the presence on the label of either the skull and crossbones and the word "Poison" or the warning "May Be Fatal If Swallowed" will substitute for such precautionary statements as "Avoid contamination of food" and "Keep away from children and domestic animals."

(4) Fire hazard cautions shall be based on the flash point of the particular products. The manufacturer of a formulation should determine the flash point of his product and label it accordingly. For formulations having flash points at or below 20° F. by the Tagliabue OpenCup Method, a statement such as "Danger-Extremely flammable! Keep away from fire, sparks, and heated surfaces" should be used. For flash points above 20° F. but not over 80° F., "Warning-Flammable! Keep away from heat and open flame" would be appropriate. For flash points above 80° F. but not over 150° F., the caution "Do not use or store near heat or open flame" would be acceptable.

(5) Antidote statements must contain emergency first aid instructions suitable for use by a layman. In most cases they should require only materials which are readily available.

(6) It is permissible and usually advisable for a manufacturer of an economic poison to submit facsimiles of proposed labeling to the Pesticides Regulation Division, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20250, for review and tentative acceptance before he invests in new printed labels.

(d) Acceptable warning, caution and antidote statements for economic poisons containing specified ingredients. The following subparagraphs set forth or indicate acceptable warning, caution and antitdote statements for economic poisons containing the ingredients specified therein. The exact wording used in the suggested statements is not obligatory, although the substance of all such statements will be required, unless

under special conditions of handling or use it is unnecessary. The manufacturer is obligated to use any added warning, caution or antidote statements which any special characteristics or uses of his formulation indicate to be necessary. Where the notation (H.P.) for "household package" appears following a precautionary statement, it indicates that the warning will be required only on packages commonly stored or used in the household where there is greater danger of accidents involving children or pets. The insignia

Poison

always refers to the skull and crossbones and the word "Poison" (in red) on a contrasting background. The fire hazard caution prescribed in this paragraph in each case is based on the flash point of the chemical named.

Acetone-50% and above.

Caution: Extremely Flammable! Кеер away from fire, sparks, and heated surfaces. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin.

NOTE: For formulations containing low percentages the signal word and flammability warning may be reduced on the basis of actual flash point determinations.

3 (2-Acetonylfurfuryl)-4-hydroxycoumarin (Fumarin) and salts—(1) Above 3%. Treat as Warfarin (i).

(ii) Concentrations from 0.1% to 3% inclusive. Treat as Warfarin (ii).

(iii) Finished baits. Treat as Warfarin (iii).

Acrylonitrile (Technical).

Antidotes: Carry victim to fresh air. Have him lie down. Remove contaminated clothing, but keep victim warm. Start treatment immediately. Call a Physician Immediately!

If inhaled. Break an amyl nitrite pearl in a cloth and hold lightly under nose for 15 seconds; repeat five times at about 15 second intervals. Give artificial respiration if breathing has stopped.

If swallowed. Break an amyl nitrite pearl in a cloth and hold lightly under nose for 15 seconds. If victim is conscious, or when consciousness returns, give one tablespoonful of salt in a glass of warm water, and repeat until vomit fluid is clear. Repeat amyl nitrite five times at about 15 second intervals. Give artificial respiration if breathing has stopped.

Never Give Anything by Mouth to an Unconscious Person!

Warning: Poisonous Liquid and Vapor! Flammable! Do not breathe vapor. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Keep

spoonful of salt in a glass of warm water and repeat until vomit fluid is clear. Have victim lie down and keep quiet. Call a Physician Immediately!

If on skin. Wash immediately with soap and water.

Warning: Poisonous If Swallowed, Inhaled or Absorbed Through Skin! Do not breath dust or spray mist. Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. In case of contact immediately remove contaminated clothing and flush skin or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating or smoking; wear clean clothing. During commercial or prolonged exposure in spray-mixing and loading operations, wear clean synthetic rubber gloves and a mask or respirator of a type passed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for aldrin protection. Do not apply or allow to drift to areas occupied by unprotected humans or beneficial animals. To protect fish and wildlife, do not contaminate streams, lakes or ponds with this material.

(11) 10% to 60%.

Warning: Hazardous If Swallowed, Inhaled, or Absorbed Through Skin! Do not breathe dust or spray mist. Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. In case of contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and flush skin or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating or smoking; wear clean clothing. During commercial or prolonged exposure in spray-mixing and loading operations, wear clean synthetic rubber gloves and a mask or respirator of a type passed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for aldrin protection. Do not apply or allow to drift to areas occupied by unprotected humans or beneficial animals. To protect fish and wildlife, do not contaminate streams, lakes or ponds with this material.

(iii) Below 10%.

Caution: Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin. Avoid breathing of dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. In case of contact with skin or eyes, flush with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention. Wash with soap and water after handling and before eating or smoking; wear clean clothing. Avoid contamination of feed and foodstuffs. Do not apply or allow to drift to areas occupied by unprotected humans or beneficial animals. To protect fish and wildlife, do not

contaminate streams, lakes or ponds with this material.

(iv) Fertilizer formulations.

Caution: Avoid prolonged or repeated inhalation of dust or contact with skin. Wash thoroughly after handling. To protect fish and wildlife, do not use where runoff will contaminate streams, lakes or ponds.

Allethrin. To be acceptable for registration for the usual uses, no precautionary labeling is required on the basis of this ingredient alone.

Allyl alcohol-(1) Technical.

Poison X

Antidotes: If swallowed. Give a tablespoonful of salt in a glass of warm water and repeat until vomit fluid is clear. Have victim lie down and keep quiet. Call a Physician Immediately!

If on skin. In case of contact, remove contaminated clothing and immediately wash skin with soap and water.

Warning: Poisonous If Swallowed, Inhaled, or Absorbed Through Skin! Rapidly Absorbed Through Skin! Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Do not breathe vapor. Use with adequate ventilation. Wear rubber gloves and goggles. In case of contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing including shoes and flush skin or eyes with plenty of water: for eyes, get medical attention. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating or smoking. During commercial or prolonged exposure in spray-mixing and loading operations, wear a mask or respirator of a type adequate against organic vapors and gases. Do not store near feed and food products. Do not reuse shoes or clothing until free of all contamination. Do not apply or allow to drift to areas occupied by unprotected humans or beneficial animals. (11) Aerosols-greenhouse use.

Antidotes: Internal. Give a tablespoonful of salt in a glass of warm water and repeat until vomit fluid is clear. Have victim lie down and keep quiet. Call a Physician Immediately!

If on skin. Wash thoroughly with soap and water.

Warning: Poisonous If Inhaled or Absorbed Through Skin! Do not get on skin. Use only while wearing a mask or respirator of a type adequate against organic vapors and gases. Wear protective clothing and natural rubber gloves. Wash hands, arms and face with soap and water after using the bomb. Wash contaminated clothing with soap and hot water before reuse. Do not store near food and feed products.

Alpha naphthyl thiourea-(1) 30% and above.

Avoid

Caution: Harmful if swallowed. prolonged breathing of dust or spray mist. Avoid contamination of feed and foodstuffs. Keep away from children and domestic animals.

(iv) Formulations for use as herbicides require an additional statement:

Caution: Keep children and animals off treated areas.

Arsonates (except calcium propyl arsonate)—(1) all effective concentrations.

Caution: Harmful if swallowed. Avoid contact with skin. Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Wash hands after using. Avoid storage near food and feed products. Keep away from children and domestic animals. (ii) Calcium propylarsonate, all effective concentrations. Treat as arsenic compounds

NOTE: For formulations containing low percentages the signal word and flammability warning may be reduced on the basis of actual flash point determinations.

Benzene hexachloride (hexachlorocyclohexane, BHC)—(1) BHC and dry formulations 25% and above.

Caution: Harmful If Swallowed! May be Absorbed Through Skin! May produce irritation of skin and eyes. Do not breathe dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wash thoroughly after handling.

Avoid contamination of feed and foodstuffs. (11) Dry formulations below 25%.

Caution: May be absorbed through the skin. Avoid prolonged breathing of dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wash thoroughly after handling. Avoid contamination of feed and foodstuffs. (iii) Solutions and emulsions 25% and above.

Caution: Harmful If Swallowed! May be Absorbed Through Skin! May produce irritation of skin or eyes. Do not breathe spray mist. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. In case of contact, wash immediately with soap and water; for eyes, flush with water and get medical attention. Avoid contamination of feed and foodstuffs. Do not use on household pets or humans.

(iv) Solutions and emulsions below 25%. Caution: May be absorbed through skin. Avoid inhalation of spray mist. Avoid skin contact. In case of contact, wash immediately with soap and water. Avoid contamination of feed and foodstuffs. Do not use on household pets or humans.

Bis (chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol (Kelthane)-(1) technical emulsions and wettable powders above 25%.

Caution: Harmful if swallowed. Avoid skin contact with solutions. In case of skin contact, wash with soap and water. Avoid breathing dust and spray mist. Avoid storage near feed and food products.

(ii) Emulsifiable or petroleum oil solutions for agricultural and industrial use, 25% and below.

Bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide and salts-(1) Above 30%.

Warning: May Be Fatal If Swallowed! May be absorbed through skin. Causes skin irritation. Do not breathe spray mist. Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and immediately wash skin with soap and water; for eyes, immediately flush with plenty of water. If irritation persists, get medical attention. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Avoid storage near food and feed products.

(11) 5% to 30%.

Caution: Harmful if swallowed. May be absorbed through skin. Causes skin irritation. Avoid breathing spray mist. Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and immediately wash skin with soap and water; for eyes, immediately flush with plenty of water. If irritation persists, get medical attention. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Avoid storage near food and feed products.

(iii) Below 5%.

Caution: Harmful if swallowed. May be absorbed through skin. Causes skin irritation. Avoid breathing spray mist. Avoid contact with skin, eyes of clothing. In case of contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and water, for eyes, flush with plenty of water and get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Avoid storage near feed and food products.

Boric acid-20% and above.

Caution: Avoid contamination of feed and foodstuffs. Keep away from children and domestic animals.

Cadmium formulations, each to be considered on own merits—(1) If found “highly toxic" under the Act.

Antidote: Give a tablespoon of salt in a glass of warm water and repeat until vomit fluid is clear. Then give 2 tablespoonfuls of Epsom Salt or Milk of Magnesia in water and plenty of milk or water. Have victim lie down and keep warm. Call a Physician Immediately!

Warning: May Be Fatal If Swallowed! Do not get in eyes or on skin. Do not breathe dust or spray mist. Wash thoroughly after handling.

(ii) If formulation is not "highly toxic" under the Act, appropriate warnings must be used.

Calcium cyanamide.

Caution: Harmful if swallowed. May cause skin and eye irritation. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid breathing dust. In case of eye contact, flush with plenty of water and get medical attention. After skin contact, cleanse with a bland oil such as corn or mineral oil, followed by soap and water. Avoid storage near food or feed products.

Antidotes: If swallowed. Give a tablespoonful of salt in a glass of warm water and repeat until vomit fluid is clear. Have victim lie down and keep quiet. Call a Physician Immediately!

If on skin. Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin immediately with soap and water. Call a Physician Immediately! Warning: Poisonous If Swallowed, Inhaled, or Absorbed Through Skin or Eyes! Rapidly Absorbed Through Skin! Do not get in eyes or on skin. Wear natural rubber gloves, protective clothing and goggles. In case of contact wash immediately with soap and water. Wear a mask or respirator of a type passed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for phosdrin protection. Keep all unprotected persons and animals out of operating areas or vicinity where there may be danger of drift. Vacated areas should not be reentered. on the day of treatment. Do not store near feed and food products. Wash hands, arms and face thoroughly with soap and water before eating or smoking. Wash all contaminated clothing with soap and hot water before reuse.

(ii) Dusts, 2% and below.

Warning: May Be Fatal If Swallowed, Inhaled, or Absorbed Through Skin! Rapidly Absorbed Through Skin! Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Wear natural rubber gloves, protective clothing and goggles. In case of contact wash immediately with soap and water. Wear a mask or respirator of a type passed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for phosdrin protection. Keep all unprotected persons out of operating areas or vicinity where there may be danger of drift. Vacated areas should not be reentered until drifting insecticide and volatile residues have dissipated. Do not contaminate feed and foodstuffs. Wash hands, arms and face thoroughly with soap and water before eating or smoking. Wash all contaminated clothing with soap and hot water before reuse.

(iii) Aerosols—greenhouse use.