4.2 Sample recovery. 4.2.1 Transfer the isopropanol from the first impinger to a 250 ml. graduated cylinder. Rinse the probe, first impinger, and all connecting glassware before the filter with 80% isopropanol. Add the rinse solution to the cylinder. Dilute to 250 ml. with 80% isopropanol. Add the filter to the solution, mix, and transfer to a suitable storage container. Transfer the solution from the second and third impingers to a 500 ml. graduated cylinder. Rinse all glassware between the filter and silica gel impinger with deionized, distilled water and add this rinse water to the cylinder. Dilute to a volume of 500 ml. with deionized, distilled water. Transfer the solution to a suitable storage container.

barium perchlorate to a pink end point. Make sure to record volumes. Repeat the titration with a second aliquot of sample. Shake the container holding the contents of the second and third impingers. Pipette a 25 ml. aliquot of sample into a 250 ml. Erlenmeyer flask. Add 100 ml. of isopropanol and 2 to 4 drops of thorin indicator. Titrate the sample with barium perchlorate to a pink end point. Repeat the titration with a second aliquot of sample. Titrate the blanks in the same manner as the samples.

5. Calibration.

5.1 Use standard methods and equipment which have been approved by the Administrator to calibrate the orifice meter, pitot tube, dry gas meter, and probe heater.

5.2 Standardize the barium perchlorate with 25 ml. of standard sulfuric acid containing 100 ml. of isopropanol.

6. Calculations.

6.1 Dry gas volume. Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter to standard conditions (70° F., 29.92 inches Hg) by using Equation 8-1.

(

Pbar+

Pbar+

13.6 Patd

ΔΗ 13.6

Tm

equation 8-1

where:

Vmstd=Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (standard conditions), cu. ft.

Vm-Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (meter conditions), cu. ft.

=

Cso =(7 =(7.05x10

7.05 X 10-5

lb.-1. g.-ml.

Cso, Concentration of sulfur dioxide at standard conditions, dry basis, lb./cu. ft.

7.05 X 10-5 Conversion factor including the number of grams per gram equivalent of sulfur dioxide (32 g./g.-eq.) 453.6 g./lb., and 1,000 ml./1., lb.-1./g.-ml.

V1 = Volume of barium perchlorate titrant used for the sample, ml.

Vtb Volume of barium perchlorate titrant used for the blank, ml. N= Normality of barium perchlorate titrant, g.-eq./1.

Vsoln Total solution volume of sulfur dioxide (second and third impingers), ml.

V1 = Volume of sample aliquot titrated, ml. Vm.td-Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (standard conditions), cu. ft., see Equation 8-1.

7. References. Atmospheric Emissions from Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing Processes, U.S. DHEW, PHS, Division of Air Pollution, Public Health Service Publication No. 999-AP-13, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1965.

Corbett, D. F., The Determination of SO2 and SO, in Flue Gases, Journal of the Institute of Fuel, 24:237-243, 1961.

Martin, Robert M., Construction Details of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency, Air Pollution Control Office Publication No. APTD-0581.

6.3 Sulfur dioxide concentration.

(Ve-Veb) (N) (Vol

Patton, W. F., and J. A. Brink, Jr., New Equipment and Techniques for Sampling Chemical Process Gases, J. Air Pollution Control Assoc. 13, 162 (1963).

Rom, Jerome J., Maintenance, Calibration, and Operation of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency, Air Pollution Control Office Publication No. APTD-0576.

Shell Development Co. Analytical Department, Determination of Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur Trioxide in Stack Gases, Emeryville Method Series, 4516/59a.

METHOD 9-VISUAL DETERMINATION OF THE OPACITY OF EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES

1. Principle and applicability.

1.1 Principle. The relative opacity of an emission from a stationary source is determined visually by a qualified observer.

1.2 Applicability. This method is applicable for the determination of the relative opacity of visible emissions from stationary sources only when specified by test procedures for determining compliance with the New Source Performance Standards. 2. Procedure.

2.1 The qualified observer stands at approximately two stack heights, but not more than a quarter of a mile from the base of the stack with the sun to his back. From a vantage point perpendicular to the plume, the observer studies the point of greatest opacity in the plume. The data required in Figure 9-1 is recorded every 15 to 30 seconds to the nearest 5% opacity. A minimum of 25 readings is taken.

3. Qualifications.

3.1 To certify as an observer, a candidate must complete a smokereading course conducted by EPA, or equivalent; in order to certify the candidate must assign opacity readings in 5% increments to 25 different black plumes and 25 different white plumes, with an error not to exceed 15 percent on any one reading and an average error not to exceed 7.5 percent in each category. The smoke generator used to qualify the observers must be equipped with a calibrated smoke indicator or light transmission meter located in the source stack if the smoke

generator is to determine the actual opacity of the emissions. All qualified observers must pass this test every 6 months in order to remain certified.

4. Calculations. 4.1

Determine the average opacity.

5. References.

Air Pollution Control District Rules and Regulations, Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District, Chapter 2, Schedule 6, Regulation 4, Prohibition, Rule 50, 17 p.

Kudluk, Rudolf, Ringelmann Smoke Chart, U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines, Information Circular No. 8333, May 1967.

§ 76.1

Definitions.

As used in this part:

(a) "Executive Order" means Executive Order No. 11507.

(b) "Nonurban areas" means all areas other than urban areas.

(c) "Ringelmann Scale" means the Ringelmann Scale as published in the latest U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular entitled "Ringelmann Smoke Chart".

(d) "Administrator" means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative.

(e) "Urban areas" means those areas classified as urban in the latest available Federal census, or as Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

(f) "Unit" means all indirect heat exchangers connected to a single stack.

(g) "Particulate matter" means any material, except uncombined water, that exists as a solid or liquid at standard conditions.

(h) "Standard conditions" means a temperature of 70° Fahrenheit and a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch, absolute.

(i) "Waste" means any solid, liquid, or gaseous substance, the disposal of which may create an air pollution problem.

(a) Unless otherwise indicated, the standards in this part apply to both new and existing Federal facilities and buildings.

(b) Except for discharges of radioactive effluents which are regulated by the Atomic Energy Commission, Federal facilities and buildings shall conform to the air pollution standards prescribed by the State or community in which they are located. If State or local standards are not prescribed for a particular location, or if the State or local standards are less stringent than the standards prescribed herein, the standards in this part shall be applicable to discharges

from such Federal facilities and buildings except as otherwise indicated.

(c) Temporary operations that may result in potential air pollution problems, such as those associated with research, development, test, evaluation, space, and military activities, shall be conducted with such precautions and safeguards as are needed to achieve the intent of these standards.

(d) The Administrator may, upon application of the relevant department, agency or establishment, exempt any Federal facility or building from any or all of these standards whenever he determines that the activities of such building or facility will not significantly conIflict with the intent of the Executive order and that such an exemption is in the public interest.

(a) The following standards apply to the combustion units of facilities and buildings having a heat input of less than 1,000 million B.t.u./hour, other than fireplaces, stoves, or grills burning wood or charcoal:

(1) Manually fired equipment shall not be installed as new or replacement equipment, except for the burning of anthracite, coke, or smokeless fuel.

(2) (i) For new units, except during startup, cleaning of fires, or soot blowing, the density of any emission to the atmosphere shall not exceed No. 1 on the Ringelmann Scale.

(ii) For existing units, except during startup, cleaning of fires, or soot blowing, the density of any emission to the atmosphere shall not exceed No. 2 on the Ringelmann Scale.

(3) A photoelectric or other type smoke detector, recorder, or alarm shall be installed on units larger than ten million BTU per hour input, except where gas or light oil (No. 2 or lighter), is burned. (4) During routine operation, emission of particles larger than 60 microns shall not normally occur.

the

(5) Means shall be provided in all newly constructed units and wherever practicable in existing units to allow the periodic measurement of flyash and other particulate matter.

(6) All new or replacement spreader stoker installations shall be of a type that automatically discharges ashes to the ash pit either continuously or in very frequent small increments, and fly

ash shall be reinjected only from boiler passes.

(7) For units of less than 10 million BTU/hour heat input, the emission of flyash and other particulate matter shall not exceed 0.6 pounds of particulate matter per million BTU heat input, as measured by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Power Test Code No. 27 for "Determining Dust Concentrations in a Gas Stream," or equivalent test method.

(8) For units between 10 million and

1,000 million BTU/hour heat input, the emission of flyash and other particulate matter shall not exceed that specified in figure 1, as measured by the test method specified in subparagraph (7) of this paragraph.

(b) For units having a heat input of more than 1,000 million BTU/hour, the appropriate department, agency, or establishment shall seek special advice from the Administrator with regard to smoke, flyash, and other particulate emissions.

MAXIMUM PARTICULATE EMISSIONPOUNDS PARTICULATE PER MILLION BTU HEAT INPUT