3.1.1 Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 3-1, making sure all connections are leak-free. Place the probe in the stack at a sampling point and purge the sampling line. 3.1.2 Draw sample into the analyzer.

3.2 Integrated sampling.

3.2.1 Evacuate the flexible bag. Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 3-2 with the bag disconnected. Place the probe in the stack and purge the sampling line. Connect the bag, making sure that all connections are tight and that there are no leaks.

3.2.2 Sample at a rate proportional to the stack velocity.

3.3 Analysis.

3.3.1 Determine the CO2, O2, and CO concentrations as soon as possible. Make as many passes as are necessary to give constant readings. If more than ten passes are necessary, replace the absorbing solution.

3.3.2 For grab sampling, repeat the sampling and analysis until three consecutive samples vary no more than 0.5 percent by volume for each component being analyzed.

3.3.3 For integrated sampling, repeat the analysis of the sample until three consecutive analyses vary no more than 0.2 percent by volume for each component being analyzed.

0.44 Molecular weight of carbon dioxide divided by 100.

0.32 Molecular weight of oxygen divided by 100.

0.28=Molecular weight of nitrogen and CO divided by 100.

5. References.

Altshuller, A. P., et al., Storage of Gases and Vapors in Plastic Bags, Int. J. Air & Water Pollution, 6:75-81, 1963.

Conner, William D., and J. S. Nader, Air Sampling with Plastic Bags, Journal of the American Industrial Hygiene Association, 25:291-297, May-June 1964.

Devorkin, Howard, et al., Air Pollution Source Testing Manual, Air Pollution Control District, Los Angeles, Calif., November 1963.

METHOD 4-DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE IN STACK GASES

1. Principle and applicability. 1.1 Principle. Moisture is removed from the gas stream, condensed, and determined volumetrically.

1.2 Applicability. This method is applicable for the determination of moisture in stack gas only when specified by test procedures for determining compliance with New Source Performance Standards. This method does not apply when liquid droplets are present in the gas stream1 and the moisture is subsequently used in the determination of stack gas molecular weight.

Other methods such as drying tubes, wet bulb-dry bulb techniques, and volumetric condensation techniques may be used.

2. Apparatus.

2.1 Probe Stainless steel or Pyrex 2 glass sufficiently heated to prevent condensation and equipped with a filter to remove particulate matter.

2.2 Impingers-Two midget impingers, each with 30 ml. capacity, or equivalent. 2.3 Ice bath container-To condense moisture in impingers.

2.4 Silica gel tube (optional)-To protect pump and dry gas meter.

2.5 Needle valve-To regulate gas flow rate.

2.6 Pump-Leak-free, diaphragm type, or equivalent, to pull gas through train.

2.7 Dry gas meter-To measure to within 1% of the total sample volume. 2.8

Rotameter-To measure a flow range from 0 to 0.1 c.f.m.

5. References.

Air Pollution Engineering Manual, Danielson, J. A. (ed.), U.S. DHEW, PHS, National Center for Air Pollution Control, Cincinnati, Ohio, PHS Publication No. 999-AP-40, 1967. Devorkin, Howard, et al., Air Pollution Source Testing Manual, Air Pollution Control District, Los Angeles, Calif., November 1963.

Methods for Determination of Velocity, Volume, Dust and Mist Content of Gases, Western Precipitation Division of Joy Manufacturing Co., Los Angeles, Calif., Bulletin WP-50, 1968.

METHOD 5-DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES

1. Principle and applicability. 1.1 Principle. Particulate matter is withdrawn isokinetically from the source and its weight is determined gravimetrically after removal of uncombined water.

1.2 Applicability. This method is applicable for the determination of particulate emissions from stationary sources only when specified by the test procedures for determining compliance with New Source Performance Standards.

2. Apparatus.

2.1 Sampling train. The design specifications of the particulate sampling train used by EPA (Figure 5-1) are described in APTD0581. Commercial models of this train are available. 2.1.1

Nozzle Stainless steel (316) with sharp, tapered leading edge.

1

2.1.2 Probe-Pyrex 1 glass with a heating system capable of maintaining a minimum gas temperature of 250° F. at the exit end during sampling to prevent condensation from occurring. When length limitations (greater than about 8 ft.) are encountered at temperatures less than 600° F., Incoloy 825 1, or equivalent, may be used. Probes for sampling gas streams at temperatures in excess of 600° F. must have been approved by the Administrator.

2.1.3 Pitot tube-Type S, or equivalent, attached to probe to monitor stack gas velocity.

1 Trade name.

2.1.4 Filter Holder-Pyrex1 glass with heating system capable of maintaining minimum temperature of 225° F.

2.1.5 Impingers / Condenser-Four impingers connected in series with glass ball joint fittings. The first, third, and fourth impingers are of the Greenburg-Smith design, modified by replacing the tip with a 1⁄2-inch ID glass tube extending to one-half inch from the bottom of the flask. The second impinger is of the Greenburg-Smith design with the standard tip. A condenser may be used in place of the impingers provided that the moisture content of the stack gas can still be determined.

2.1.6 Metering system-Vacuum gauge, leak-free pump, thermometers capable of measuring temperature to within 5° F., dry gas meter with 2% accuracy, and related equipment, or equivalent, as required to maintain an isokinetic sampling rate and to determine sample volume.

2.1.7 Barometer-To measure atmospheric pressure to ±0.1 inches Hg.

2.2 Sample recovery.

2.2.1 probe.

2.2.2

2.2.3

Probe brush-At least as long as

Glass wash bottles-Two.

Glass sample storage containers. 2.2.4 Graduated cylinder-250 ml. 2.3 Analysis.

3.3.2 Desiccant-Drierite,1 indicating. 4. Procedure. 4.1

Sampling

4.1.1 After selecting the sampling site and the minimum number of sampling points, determine the stack pressure, temperature, moisture, and range of velocity head.

4.1.2 Preparation of collection train. Weigh to the nearest gram approximately 200 g. of silica gel. Label a filter of proper diameter, desiccate 2 for at least 24 hours and weigh to the nearest 0.5 mg. in a room where the relative humidity is less than 50%. Place 100 ml. of water in each of the first two impingers, leave the third impinger empty, and place approximately 200 g. of preweighed silica gel in the fourth impinger. Set up the train without the probe as in Figure 5-1.

Leak check the sampling train at the sampling site by plugging up the inlet to the filter holder and pulling a 15 in. Hg vacuum. A leakage rate not in excess of 0.02 c.f.m. at a vacuum of 15 in. Hg is acceptable. Attach the probe and adjust the heater to provide a gas temperature of about 250° F. at the probe outlet. Turn on the filter heating system. Place crushed ice around the impingers. Add more ice during the run to keep the temperature of the gases leaving the last impinger as low as possible and preferably at 70° F., or less. Temperatures above 70° F. may result in damage to the dry gas meter from either moisture condensation or excessive heat.

1 Trade name.

2 Dry using Drierite 1 at 70° F.+10° F.