Monumenta Historica Britannica, (Petrie and Sharpe) London, folio, 1848. Especially the extracts from :— Pomponius Mela Claudius Ptolemæus Ammianus Marcellinus Procopius Xiphilinus Gilda Sapientis De Excidio Britanniæ Liber Querulus. Historia et Epistola Venerabilis Bædæ Chronicon, sive de sex Ætatibus sæculi Venerabilis Bædæ Historiæ Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum libri quinque The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Asser. Annales rerum gestarum Ælfredi Magni Fabii Ethelwardi Chronicorum libri quatuor MOTLEY (John Lothrop, D.C.L.) History of the United Netherlands, London, 8vo., 1860 MUELLER (Carl Ottfried) Denkmäler der alten Kunst, Göttingen, folio, 1832-54 . MÜLLER (Max) Lectures on the Science of Language (third edition), London, 8vo., 1862 Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales, The, London, 4to., 1801-7 NIEBUHR (B. G.) Kleine historische und philologische Schriften, Bonn, 8vo., 1828-43 NORRIS (Edwin) The Ancient Cornish Drama, Oxford, 8vo., 1859 Penny Cyclopædia, The, London, 4to., 1833, &c. The articles 'Britain,' 'Picts,' 'Poetry,' 'Temperament,' and others Philological Society, Transactions of the, during the years 1855 and 1857, London, 8vo. Principally the papers by the Rev. John Davies on the Races of Lancashire, and on the Connexion of the Celtic with the Teutonic languages PLATONIS Respublica, ed. Caspar Orellius et Georgius Baiterus, Zurich, 8vo., 1847 PLINY, Ed. Valpy, London, 8vo., 1826 POUCHET (Georges) Pluralité des Races Humaines, Paris, 8vo., 1864 PRICE (T.) Essay on the Physiognomy and Physiology of the Present Inhabitants of Britain, London, 8vo., 1829 PRICHARD (James Cowles) Researches into the Physical History of Mankind (third edition), London, 8vo., 1836-47 PRICHARD (James Cowles) The Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations, ed. G. R. Latham, London, 8vo., 1857 PROCOPIUS, see Monumenta Historica Britannica PTOLEMY, see Monumenta Historica Britannica PUGHE (W. Owen) Dictionary of the Welsh Language, Denbigh, 4to., 1832 QUETELET (L. A. J.) A treatise on Man, edited by T. Smibert, Edinburgh, 8vo., 1842 QUETELET (L. A. J.) Sur l'Homme, Paris, 8vo., 1835 RAPIN-THOYRAS (Paul de) The History of England written in French. Translated by N. Tindal (second edition). London, folio, 1732-36 RASK (E. C.) Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon Tongue. Translated by Thorpe, London, 8vo., 1865 RAWLINSON (G.) The History of Herodotus, London, 8vo., 1858 Reports from the Commissioners on the Public Records, London, folio, 1800-1819 RETZIUS (Anders) Ethnologische Schriften, nach dem Tode des Verfassers gesammelt, Stockholm, 4to., 1864 RUSKIN (John) Modern Painters, London, 8vo., 1851-60. SANDIFORT (Gerardus) Tabulæ craniorum diversarum nationum, Leyden, folio, 1838-43 SCHLEGEL (A. W.) Vorlesungen über dramatische Kunst, Leipzig, 8vo., 1846 SCHMID (Reinhold) Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen in England, Leipzig, 8vo., 1858 SISMONDI (J. C. L. Simonde de) Histoire des Français, Paris, 8vo., 1821-44 SMILES (Samuel) Lives of Boulton and Watt, London, 8vo., 1865 SOLINUS (C. T.) Polyhistor, Paris, 8vo. 1533 SPURRELL (William) Dictionary of the Welsh Language, Eng. Welsh and Welsh Eng., Carmarthen, 8vo., 1859-61 STORY (William Wetmore) Roba di Roma (2nd edition), London, 8vo., 1863 STRABO, Ed. C. Müller, Paris, 8vo., 1853 SUETONIUS, Ed. Valpy, London, 8vo., 1826 TACITI (C. Cornelii) Opera Omnia, ad fidem editionis Orellianæ, Oxon, 8vo., 1854 TAYLOR (Isaac) Words and Places, London, 8vo., 1864 TAYLOR (W.) Historic Survey of German Poetry, London, 8vo., 1828-30 THIERRY (Amédée) Histoire des Gaulois (3rd edition), Paris, 8vo., THORPE (Benjamin) History of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings (translated from the German of Lappenberg), London, 8vo., 1845 THURNAM (Dr. J.) see Davis (Dr. Barnard) THURNAM (Dr. J.) On the two principal forms of Ancient British and Gaulish Skulls; printed among the Memoirs of the Anthropological Society of London, vol. i., London, 8vo., 1865 TODD (Robt. B.) Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Science, London, 8vo., 1849-52, article 'Temperament' TURNER (Sharon) History of England, London, 8vo., 1839 VISCONTI (E. Q.) Iconographie Grecque, Paris, 4to. and folio, 1811 VOGT (Carl) Lectures on Man; His place in Creation and in the History of the Earth. Edited by Dr. Jas. Hunt, London, 8vo., 1864 WAITZ (Dr. Theodor) Introduction to Anthropology. Edited by J. Frederick Collingwood, London, 8vo., 1863 WILBERFORCE (Edward) Social Life in Munich, London, 12mo., 1864 WILSON (Daniel) Physical Characteristics of the Ancient and Modern Celt of Gaul and Britain. Anthropological Review, vol. iii., London, 8vo., 1865 WORNUM (Ralph N.) The Epochs of Painting, London, 12mo., 1847 WORSAAE (J. J. A.) An account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, London, 8vo., 1852 WRIGHT (Thos.) Essays on Archæological Subjects, London, 12mo., 1861 WRIGHT (Thos.) Essay on Gildas, in the Biographia Britannica Literaria, published by the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, London, 8vo., 1842, &c. WRIGHT (Thos.) The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon (second edition), London, 8vo., 1861 XIPHILINUS, see Monumenta Historica Britannica ZEUSS (J..C.) Grammatica Celtica, Leipzig, 8vo., 1853 CONTENTS. Object of the essay-Principles of investigation-Direct evidence and circumstantial evidence-Question whether there are any laws established in ethnology-Mr. Buckle-Dr. Knox-Mr. Darwin- Dr. Paul Broca-M. Georges Pouchet-The laws of human The popular belief and its historical basis-Gildas's testimony and its value-The earliest inhabitants of Britain according to the Triads— Historical value of the Triads-Character of the population im- mediately before the Roman occupation-Character of the popu- lation when the Romans quitted Britain-First arrival of the Saxons-Probable effect of the Saxon ascendancy-Probable effect of the Danish ascendancy-Probable effect of the Norman conquest -Probable changes in the character of the population after the General estimate of the value of philological evidence—English not a truly Teutonic language, but hybrid even in its grammatical forms -Evidence of certain elements in modern English-The names of the principal geographical features-The names of the minor geo- graphical features-Evidence of certain peculiarities of English ancient Britons; its resemblance to the language of ancient Gaul- Early prevalence of a high Celtic element in Gaul and Northern Italy-These facts are important because they tend to explain certain difficulties connected with ancient British skulls-Reasons for and against the identification of the words Cimmerii, Cimbri, and Cymry -Attempt to discover an ancient Cymric or high Celtic civilisation ✔ with which our modern English civilisation may be compared- Philology points in the direction of Greece-Comparison of words in the Greek and Cymric languages-Importance of this comparison as showing the civilisation of the ancient Britons-Greek and Cymric conform in type, when their type differs from that of other Aryan languages Coincidence of the philological evidence with the evidence of tradition and of some fragments of history-The Celtic and Germanic languages-Philological evidence of a pre-Celtic ele- THE EVIDENCE OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, Evidence for the popular belief-The prevailing colour of the hair in England-Examination of the evidence respecting the prevailing colour of the hair among the ancient Germans, Gauls, Britons, and Anglo-Saxons-Examination of certain modern theories-General results of the investigation-Examination of the evidence respecting the stature, proportions, and general appearance of the above-men- tioned ancient peoples-The modern English do not owe their stature exclusively, if at all, to the Saxons or Danes-The evidence of skulls and remains found in ancient burying places-The 'Crania Britan- nica '—The difficulty presented by the discovery both of the long and of the short forms of skulls in the most ancient burying-places -Evidence that the long oval skull is characteristic of the Cymry- The typical English head is also of the long-oval form, while the typical Teutonic head is of the short oval form-General results of the investigation-The predecessors of the Cymry in Britain were possibly Cymro-Turanians, some dolichocephalic, some brachy- cephalic-Agreement of the physical characteristics of the ancient |