Communicating Risks to the Public: International PerspectivesR.E Kasperson, Pieter Jan M. Stallen Risk communication: the evolution of attempts Risk communication is at once a very new and a very old field of interest. Risk analysis, as Krimsky and Plough (1988:2) point out, dates back at least to the Babylonians in 3200 BC. Cultures have traditionally utilized a host of mecha nisms for anticipating, responding to, and communicating about hazards - as in food avoidance, taboos, stigma of persons and places, myths, migration, etc. Throughout history, trade between places has necessitated labelling of containers to indicate their contents. Seals at sites of the ninth century BC Harappan civilization of South Asia record the owner and/or contents of the containers (Hadden, 1986:3). The Pure Food and Drug Act, the first labelling law with national scope in the United States, was passed in 1906. Common law covering the workplace in a number of countries has traditionally required that employers notify workers about significant dangers that they encounter on the job, an obligation formally extended to chronic hazards in the OSHA's Hazard Communication regulation of 1983 in the United States. In this sense, risk communication is probably the oldest way of risk manage ment. However, it is only until recently that risk communication has attracted the attention of regulators as an explicit alternative to the by now more common and formal approaches of standard setting, insuring etc. (Baram, 1982). |
Contents
Risk communication in Europe Ways of implementing art 8 of the postSeveso directive | 15 |
Active and passive provision of risk information in the Netherlands | 35 |
Developing communications about risks of major industrial accidents in the Netherlands | 55 |
Rights and duties concerning the availability of environmental risk information to the public | 67 |
Risk comparisons and risk communication Issues and problems in comparing health and environmental risks | 79 |
Contaminated soil public reactions policy decisions and risk communication | 127 |
Prior knowledge and risk communication The case of nuclear radiation and Xrays | 145 |
The role of the media in risk communication | 157 |
Communicating about pesticides in drinking water | 237 |
The time dimension in perception and communication of risk | 263 |
Risk communication and the social amplification of risk | 287 |
Hazard images evaluations and political action The case of toxic waste incineration | 327 |
The danger culture of industrial society | 345 |
Risk communication in emergencies | 367 |
Risk communication The need for a broader perspective | 393 |
Small group studies of regulatory decision making for powerfrequency electric and magnetic fields | 413 |
Credibility and trust in risk communication | 175 |
How people might process medical information A mental model perspective on the use of package inserts | 219 |
Strategies of risk communication Observations from two participatory experiments | 457 |
Other editions - View all
Communicating Risks to the Public: International Perspectives R.E Kasperson,P.J. Stallen Limited preview - 2012 |
Communicating Risks to the Public: International Perspectives R.E Kasperson,Pieter Jan M. Stallen No preview available - 2012 |
Common terms and phrases
accident activities agencies attitude audience behavior cancer chemicals cognitive Communicating Risks concerns contamination Covello coverage credibility cultural decision develop disaster discussion drug emergency energy environment environmental estimates evaluation example experience exposure factors Fischhoff groups hazard images impact implementation important individual industry institutions interactions interest intertemporal choice involved issues judgments Kasperson knowledge Lindell Love Canal major mental model National negative Netherlands nuclear power Nuclear Regulatory Commission participants perceived Perry perspective pesticides political potential problem psychological questions radiation receiver regulation regulatory Renn Report response Risk Analysis risk assessment risk communication risk comparisons risk information risk management risk perception role route safety Science scientific Seveso Directive side effects signals situation Slovic social amplification Social Psychology sources specific Springdale Stallen studies Table task Technology Three Mile Island tion toxic transmitters trust uncertainty understanding values WABM warning
References to this book
Transboundary Risk Management Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer,Ragnar Löfstedt,Gunnar Sjöstedt No preview available - 2001 |