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The editorial concluded, "We need 1,000 Colonel Phillipses."

By his blunt warnings, Phillips offended the Army hierarchy. He was assigned to intelligence in Puerto Rico and in subsequent years failed to receive either the rank or the commands that admirers felt he deserved. After Pearl Harbor, many of his ideas were adopted in a crash basis.

The elder Pulitzer sought out Phillips on his retirement from the Army and retained him as military analyst for the Post-Dispatch. Among his noteworthy assignments were tours of southeast Asia, both in 1954 and 1959, in which he obtained exclusive interviews with Ngo Dinh Diem on the course of the war in South Vietnam; inspection of the Guantanamo Base in Cuba after the missile crisis of October 1962, and coverage of Operation Big Lift in October of last year.

Phillips has reported on many NATO military conferences and has frequently toured European installations of NATO. He has enjoyed the confidence of leading military commanders abroad.

Phillips was chosen in 1956 as one of two correspondents to report for all afternoon newspapers the first hydrogen bomb explosion at the Bikini Atoll. This was the only hydrogen bomb explosion the press has ever been permitted to witness.

The Post-Dispatch military analyst was awarded the Air Force Association certificate of merit for his writings "in behalf of national defense and air power" in 1956.

He is retiring to complete a book on military strategy for the sixties on which he has been at work for some time. Phillips, 72 years old, lives in nearby Chevy Chase, Md.

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Phillips' analytical articles have been widely read in the Pentagon and by top military men in Western capitals. He is

rated as one of the two or three most influential military commentators.

When he was a lieutenant colonel in 1941, Phillips received nationwide attention by his articles in the Infantry Journal pointing

out the failure of top-ranking Army officers to comprehend the meaning of new weapons such as the tank. His insistent note of warning was compared at that time with the writing of Gen. Charles de Gaulle a year or two before, when the man who was to become the leader of the Free French denounced the defensive maginot line psychology of France's military command.

It was at this time that the late Joseph Pulitzer, Sr., became interested in Phillips. A Post-Dispatch editorial on April 22, 1941, was headed "Colonel Phillips, Patriot and Soldier." This was when a committee of Congress proposed to investigate him for his writings.

"If there is to be a congressional investigation," the editorial said, "It is not Colonel Phillips who should be haled before the questioners. The Army Command, which has been unconscionably slow to develop mechanization, should do the answering."

Dangers of So-Called Civil Rights Legislation

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF

HON. STROM THURMOND

OF SOUTH CAROLINA

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Thursday, March 26, 1964

Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I have been very impressed with another outstanding editorial published in the Charleston Evening Post. This editorial is entitled "The Advantaged Need Not Apply," and was printed in the March 20, 1964, issue.

This excellent editorial by the distinguished editor of the Charleston Evening Post, Mr. Robert M. Hitt, Jr., presents further evidence of the very dangerous nature of the pending so-called civil rights legislation, particularly with regard to its FEPC provisions in title VIL I ask unanimous consent that the editorial be printed in the Appendix of the RECORD.

There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

THE ADVANTAGED NEED NOT APPLY

A recent ruling by the Illinois Fair Employment Practices Commission is enough to raise the hairs on the neck of even the most rabid friend of the administration's civil rights bill.

Not long ago, Leon Myart, a Negro, walked into the office of the Motorola Co. in Chicago and applied for a job. He was advised that he would have to take the standard aptitude test given all job applicants.

He agreed, took the test, flunked and promptly reported the matter to the nearest FEPC office, alleging that Motorola had dis

The FEPC assigned Robert E. Bryant, one of its examiners, to the case and endowed him with the approximate authority, if not the approximate wisdom, of Solomon.

milk,'" and "the East and the West are getting the contracts with the 'cream.'' The placing of the Electronics Center criminated against him because of his race. yesterday at Boston demonstrates the influence which Boston has presently in Washington. I believe the Midwest, properly alerted to this, can demonstrate at the polls this fall that it is not only entitled to be recognized in this great field, but that it will be. Mr. Speaker, I herewith attach the editorial in full: MIDWEST SHOULD HAVE MORE RESEARCH PLANTS

This month, Mr. Bryant handed down his ruling: Motorola would have to hire Leon Myart regardless of how poorly he scored on aptitude. Moreover, said Mr. Bryant, Motorola would have to stop giving that aptitude test. The decree was predicated on the following:

First, the test was unfair to "culturally deprived and disadvantaged groups." Second, the questions failed to take into account "inequalities and differences in environment." And finally, the standards for passing were based on those of "advantaged groups."

It failed to occur to Mr. Bryant that the determination of "inequalities" is the only purpose of such testing. It must be supposed that Mr. Bryant would, in his democratic zeal, strike down any test that sorted job applicants according to their various abilities to perform the required work.

was

Mr. Bryant did not, it is worth remembering, contend that the Motorola test loaded in such a way as to discriminate against Negroes. His objection was that the test discriminated against the "culturally deprived and disadvantaged," in a word, the unqualified.

This provides a foretaste of what lies in store for the Nation if Congress passes the pending civil rights bill. Title VII of that alarming proposal would establish an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, with the power to apply a Federal version of the Illinois FEPC law across the land.

The bill states that it "shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to limit, segregate or (note well) classify his employees in any way which would deprive (note well again) or tend to deprive any individual of employment *** because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin."

It if could be shown in a given case that an aptitude test, though nondiscriminatory on its face, had, in fact, acted to deprive Negroes of employment, could it not then be said that such a test "tended to deprive" Negroes of employment?

We think it could be said, and we submit that, as surely as the sun will rise tomorrow, it would be said.

Midwest Should Have More Research Plants

EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF 4

HON. WILLIAM L. SPRINGER

OF ILLINOIS

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 26, 1964

Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, yesterday during the debate on the NASA authorization much was said about the failure of the administration to recognize the Midwest in research and planning. At that time, I expressed briefly my feeling on this matter.

I attach herewith an editorial from the Champaign-Urbana News Gazette, of Champaign-Urbana, Ill., which was dated Monday, March 23, in which it says: "The Midwestern States have been fed largely with 'crumbs' and 'skimmed

The East and West are getting the contracts and the "cream," the Midwest the "crumbs" and "skimmed milk."

This is the policy the Federal Government appears to be pursuing, and has for some time, in the award of defense contracts and research funds.

The falling behind of the Midwestern States on electronics and other kinds of research, noted recently by science educators as well as by political leaders, is blamed to large extent for Washington policies.

The situation has been exposed to light again by a couple of leaders in the U.S. Senate-HUMPHREY, of Minnesota, and HART, of Michigan. They observed, at a joint news conference, that there is an overconcentration of defense and research contract allocations to the key centers of the East, and a paucity of them for the States of the Great Lakes region. The Senators want the President and Capitol Hill to work out and agree new policy for distributing Federal Government research contracts. With the Federal Establishment a major factor today in big business spread and growth, the Midwest is losing out on much growth to which it is fully entitled-judged by the taxes Midwesterners pay, the region's adequate facilities and logical locale for such plants, availability of manpower, and other factors.

on a

But the Midwest States have been fed largely with "crumbs" and "skimmed milk." One of the Senators expressed the need and the opportunities this way:

"The new wealth in the world is brainpower. Give the Middle West a chance to cultivate more of it and we'll show some growth, too."

Without a fair shake from Washington, the luster of our star will gradually diminish.

Ad Hoc for President

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OF

HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN

OF NEW YORK

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 26, 1964

Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, recently a group calling itself the "Ad Hoc Committee on the Triple Revolution" issued a report stating that as a matter of right every American should be guaranteed an adequate income, whether he works or not.

Significantly, some of the members of this so-called committee are Dr. Gerard Murdal, the Spanish Socialist, and Linus Pauling of Sane Nuclear fame.

In its March 25 issue, Roll Call appropriately editorialized on this economic folly:

AD HOC FOR PRESIDENT

A group called the Ad Hoc Committee on the Triple Revolution has one hell of a kookie name, but they've come up with the most attractive proposal since the repeal of prohibition.

This group of economists and educators has recommended to President Johnson that every American should be guaranteed an adequate income whether he works or not. Now whoever thought up this new government-type program is the man I predict

will be the next President of the United States. And I further predict that the thirdterm, fourth-term, and fifth-term tradition will be shattered with ease.

Here is a genius who has shunted aside the elementary governmental giveaways where some pays and others gets. Here's a man that wants us to get, period, and I'm with him.

No more worrying over whether we have enough ads to pay the printer and the taxman. No more social security, withholding worries, and the accountant can be dismissed. We'll burn the bills, collect our Government paycheck for not working, and start using up some of our new-found free time. Florida in winter, Lucerne in summer, Paris in the spring.

Sargent Shriver will be out of a job, for poverty will be a thing of the past. Money will be circulating like it's never circulated before, and so will I.

The only writing I'll do will be two things: Make sure to cast my absentee ballot for the unnamed economist who will be perpetual President; and make out a check for a subscription to Roll Call so I can keep up with the idiot who would rather work than live.

Late President John F. Kennedy

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. JOHN W. McCORMACK

OF MASSACHUSETTS

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 26, 1964

Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, in my remarks, I am pleased to include a splendid tribute paid our late beloved President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, by Hon. John E. Powers, president of the Massachusetts State Senate before 1,000 world delegates that attended the 18th Congress of the Junior Chamber International at the International General Assembly Auditorium in Tel Aviv, Israel, on November 23, 1963.

Massachusetts State President John E. Powers for many years was a close and valued friend of our late beloved President John Fitzgerald Kennedy.

The tribute follows:

Reverend Father, Mr. President, officers, members, my distinguished friend and colleague, Senator Foster and friends,

A great, unexplainable visitation of an inscrutable providence has visited my country personally and the entire world figuratively.

The sudden death of a young, dedicated public servant and statesman, who held the

world's most sensitive position, has been the victim of a mad assassin's bullets. The President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, has been slain. The world is shocked.

His projection of devotion to a way of life was his philosophy which was attuned to the times. He not only preached a gospel of equal opportunity but he fostered and faced the issue honestly and squarely. This was his credo. This was his uncompromising belief. A vast majority of Americans believe, too, and will rededicate themselves to its complete accomplishment.

At a time like this the whole world needs strength and understanding. This is what

our President gave his life for. To expect less or to do less would make a mockery of his dedicated beliefs. As great a tragedy his passing is it is not the end. Those aims

which he sought must be achieved. And so

it is with our system of government. As devoted as was he, as pure and sincere as were his motives and objectives, the world must continue.

Our great and sacred Constitution, which has withstood the assaults of time, has bequeathed to the new President Lyndon Johnson a continuing obligation. He is acquainted with the uncompleted job which lies ahead. He knows the American people and their way of life. He, like our late President, is a man of unquestioned principle, substance and accomplishment. will complete the unfinished business and continue to make even greater gains.

He

The world needs now, more than at any other time, understanding and compassion. Our great country needs the world as much as the world needs our country. You, members of the Junior Chamber International are opinion makers, men of ideas and ideals. You are recognized leaders and as such your organizational mandate is to lead. Your part therefore, during the transitional period of shock to tranquility and business as usual is extremely vital. Your pledge and mine that the world must be free and peaceful is our committment. To paraphrase our great late President, "It is not what the world can do for us, but rather what we can do for the world."

One hundred years ago, a martyred President and a great fighter for human rights and dignity pledged that country could not survive half slave and half free.

Today we reaffirm our late President's pledge that a world cannot exist half slave and half free. The impact of his beliefs must be reinforced by all of us in not only words, but deeds.

It is ironic that almost 2,000 years ago another great prophet gave His life for the. human dignity of man. We gather at this memorial service in the same general area where this event took place. And so be it 2,000 years, 100 years or yesterday, men believed. This belief has been bequeathed to all of us. To their sacrifices we rededicate ourselves that the world of tomorrow will be better because of them.

Allow me to close with the immortal words of Josiah Gilbert Holland "God gave us men. A time like this demands strong minds, great hearts, true faith, and steady hands."

Atomic Reactor: Heart of City of New York

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. CARL ALBERT

OF OKLAHOMA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 26, 1964

I

Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, thought it should be brought to the attention of the membership the effort on the part of the distinguished gentleman from New York [Mr. FARBSTEIN] to keep one of the utilities in his city from building an atomic reactor in the heart of New York City.

by the Astoria-Long Island City Community Council, called on the gentleman from New York, Representative FARBSTEIN, and requested his assistance in this connection. The result of the introduction of the legislation and other public activities on his part caused the public utility to purchase power elsewhere and so make unnecessary the building of the atomic reactor.

Following is a letter received by the gentleman from New York, Congressman FARBSTEIN, from the Astoria-Long Island City Community Council thanking him for his efforts:

ASTORIA-LONG ISLAND CITY COMMUNITY COUNCIL, Jackson Heights, N.Y., March 17, 1964. Hon. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.

DEAR CONGRESSMAN FARBSTEIN: Now that Consolidated Edison has temporarily abandoned its plans for a nuclear powerplant in the heart of New York City, we can all relax for the time being. We of CANPOP in New York City and the Citizens Committee Against Nuclear Power Plants wish to extend our special thanks to you for being one of the few Congressmen in New York City with the foresight and courage to give extensive interest, time, help, and support in the campaign to make New York a safer place to live in.

However, in the light of the circumstances under which Consolidated Edison withdrew its application, your bill giving local authorities the right of ultimate decision on nuclear plants is still urgently needed. The Atomic Energy Commission, in essence, has not yet committed itself regarding nuclear plants in populated centers. The problem can still arise in New York City or in any other population center for that matter, unless some positive direction, such as your bill, is incorporated into law.

Again, we reiterate our thanks to you as one of the few Congressmen to support the campaign of the people of the city of New York and we wish to assure you of our support and assistance in furthering the passage of your bill.

We are spreading the word amongst our friends and supporters, especially those residing in your congressional district, about the important contributions you have made and are making in this fight.

We wish you the best of luck in your current campaign for reelection. Respectfully yours,

SIMON TROPP, Chairman.

Annual Questionaire

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. CHARLES RAPER JONAS

OF NORTH CAROLINA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 26, 1964

Mr. JONAS. Mr. Speaker, the best way I know to keep up with the thinking of the people down home is to circulate a questionnaire from time to time and ask them to respond to questions about some of the issues we face in Congress. While the responsibility of casting votes in Congress must be assumed by the Representative, I have found it helpful to know how my constituents feel about some of the more important issues. In A committee of citizens, represented addition, I have found that circulation

In order to stop the building of this reactor, he introduced legislation, which is now pending, giving the municipality the right of veto over the building of an atomic reactor in the city.

of a questionnaire stimulates thinking and discussion among constituents. This is all to the good because I believe the more the people think about these issues and discuss them with their neighbors the better informed they will become. I have great confidence in the ability of the people I represent to come up with the right decisions if they become acquainted with all of the facts.

This year I am asking my constituents to respond with a yes or no answer to 10 questions. Since many of these questions are difficult to answer categorically, I am providing space on the questionnaire for those who wish to do so to extend their remarks. As soon as the returns are all in, I shall have them tabulated on an IBM machine and will then publish the results. Following are the questions I am asking this year:

1.(a) Do you approve this country selling wheat to Russia?

(b) If you answered yes, would you favor extending credit to Russia to finance such purchases?

2. Would you approve a constitutional amendment making prayer and Bible reading permissible in the public schools when conducted on a voluntary basis?

3. Do you favor the Civil Rights Act now under consideration by Congress?

4. Do you believe private and parochial schools should be included in any programs of Federal aid to education?

5. Would you approve a Federal income tax credit or deduction for all or part of college expenses?

6. If you answered "yes" to question 5 please answer (a) or (b) following and (c) or (d) following:

(a) would you favor a credit against the tax? or

(b) Would you limit it to a deduction? (c) Would you limit it (credit or deduction) to a taxpayer who pays college expenses of a dependent? or

(d) Would you extend it (credit or deduction) to a taxpayer who pays college expenses of a student who is not a dependent?

7. The national debt of the United States is now approximately $310 billion. Under existing circumstances, do you favor increasing Federal spending above current levels even if it requires additional borrowing?

8. Do you favor a pay raise for Government employees including Cabinet officers and executive officials, Federal judges, and Members of Congress?

9. Do you believe our Government should agree to renegotiate the Panama Canal Treaty?

10. On the whole, do you think this country's foreign policy is succeeding?

Pakistan's Flirtation With Peiping

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. WILLIAM B. WIDNALL

OF NEW JERSEY

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 26, 1964

Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, in recent months, one of the nations allied with the United States in the Far East, Pakistan, has been conducting itself in disquieting fashion toward the most arrogant and abusive member of the Communist bloc, Red China. I want to call the attention of my colleagues, therefore,

to an excellent article by Mr. D. G. Savarkar, outlining the rationale behind Pakistan's latest overtures to the Communist Chinese, and indicating quite clearly the dangers both for Pakistan and the free world.

Mr. Savarkar, a native of India, is a journalist who has been living in the United States for the past 10 years. Before leaving India, he was the editor of three Bombay daily newspapers. His articles are circulated and read widely throughout the world, particularly among the uncommitted nations. Mr. Savarkar brings to his work a full knowledge of the subject matter and an insight into an area of the world which many of us may otherwise puzzle over. He writes, as well, with a dedication to the principles of democracy and with an antipathy to the new Communist imperialism which seeks to dominate the world. The article follows:

PAKISTAN'S FLIRTATION WITH PEIPING
(By D. G. Savarkar)

President Ayub Khan of Pakistan, welcoming Mr. Chou en-Lai, the Premier of Communist China, to his country emphasized that "no sinister importance" should be attached to the visit of this friendly neighbor. This theme of diplomatic business as usual was played again by the Pakistani Foreign Minister, Mr. Z. A. Bhutto, who told a news conference that his Chinese guests were only on a "good will visit from a neighboring country to which no significance should be attached."

In reality, the much-heralded visit of the Chinese Communist leaders to Pakistan is one of the strangest spectacles the world of international diplomacy has witnessed in the last 15 years. For no nation in Asia has been more closely tied to the West through military alliances and massive economic and military aid than the country Field Marshal Ayub Khan has ruled for the last 5 years.

PAKISTAN'S COLD WAR INVOLVEMENT For years, Pakistan had been perhaps the Asian nation most closely involved in the power politics of the cold war. In the middle 1950's, this nation of nearly 100 million people had joined both the Baghdad Pact (now the Central Treaty Organization) and the South East Asia Treaty Organization. President Ayub Khan at that time had little use for the nonalinement policies of the other Asian-African countries. In a visit to Washington in the summer of 1961, he had insisted that Pakistanis were the most loyal and dependable of all of Washington's allies in Asia-"The only people who will stand by you are the people of Pakistan."

Now, all of this has been turned topsyturvey. Rawalpindi and Peiping have concluded a border treaty with the Communist Chinese government, as well as key agreements for trade relations and air travel between the two countries. During Mr. Chou's visit in February, his host officially voiced support of Peiping's demand for admission to the United Nations.

BACKGROUND OF REALPOLITIK

What is behind this flirtation of America's "most allied ally" in Asia with Peiping-the West's most implacable opponent? The background of this latest move of Pakistan in Realpolitik is a complex one. Ironically, this move by Pakistan to "normalize" its relations with Peiping is motivated by much the same reasons which led it to form close ties with the West in the first place. This is its pathological fear of India and its implacable determination to surpass that country in military strength. It saw its support of Washington's mutual security arrangements in Asia-CENTO and SEATO-as a

means of obtaining massive military and economic aid. Today, while it hypocritically betrays all of its formal ties to the West, Pakistan is continuing to receive some half billion dollars a year in the U.S. aid. In this way, Ayub Khan hopes to boost Pakistan's strength to the point where it could impose its will on India by military force.

Even while alining itself with the West, however, Rawalpindi kept open lines of access to the other side. Chou En-lai had been clamorously received in East Pakistan in 1956 when he was awarded an honorary degree in Dacca. A. H. Suhrawardy, then Pakistani Foreign Minister, had been ceived with great cordiality in Peiping. All during this time, the Pakistani government cynically used its strategic position astride the Himalayas in Asia to extract more and more arms from Washington.

re

United States in Asia will be lost. Pakistan's flirtation with Peping even harms those in the Soviet bloc who hope to turn the cold war into a struggle between peaceful competitors.

AFRICA'S MODEL OF MATURITY

The young African nations have provided Pakistan with a good model in their attitude towards China, by granting it diplomatic recognition but avoiding dangerous political entanglement. President Ayub Khan should follow their example and abandon his policy of diplomatic blackmail-motivated solely by his hatred for India-before it damages Pakistan's own interests, as well as those of the West and the other free nations in the East.

Morality Versus Money

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

Then, in 1962, with the Chinese assault on India's northern border, U.S. military aid was for the first time extended to India also. Pakistan was enraged. When its demands that the supply of defensive arms to its neighbor be immediately curtailed HON. EVERETT G. BURKHALTER were rejected by Washington, it decided to "play both sides against the middle" and developed the dramatic strategy of blackmailing the West by its sudden friendship for Peking.

RESPONSES OF INDIA AND UNITED STATES

India's reaction to this warming of its neighbor's relations with China has been restrained. Mr. Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime Minister Nehru's closest associate in foreign policy affairs, has cautioned Indians against taking an alarmist view. "We have to be watchful and be strong enough to meet any situation." At the same time, Mr. Nehru has reiterated his acceptance of the Colom

OF CALIFORNIA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 26, 1964

Mr. BURKHALTER. Mr. Speaker, I would like to commend to all Members of Congress the following article from the Los Angeles Times of March 22, 1964, written by Charles E. Davis, Jr., "Morality Versus Money." There is a close tie between the moral code of the Hollywood, Calif., movie industry and the morality of the country. As we all know,

bo proposals, advanced in December 1962, by films have a definite influence on the

six nonalined countries, as a basis for the resolution of the Sino-Indian border dispute.

American responses have been more heated. The press has criticized Ayub Khan severely for his attempted blackmail. While some Senators insist on rationalizing away the conduct of their "closest ally" in Asia, others are examining Pakistan's conduct with great realism. Senator WAYNE MORSE of Oregon has accused Rawalpindi of basic insincerity in its foreign policy. According to him, Pakistan joined SEATO and CENTO for "one purpose only-to get military aid from the United States that would build her forces against her one avowed enemyIndia." Disappointed though it is, Washington is continuing its annual $50 to $60 million military aid to Pakistan and hoping for the best.

SELF-DEFEATING FOR PAKISTAN Although Pakistan as a sovereign nation has the right to follow whatever policies it chooses to, this latest turn toward Communist China not only betrays the interests of its allies, but it is self-defeating from Pakistan's own point of view. The only power in Asia that has shown grave signs of expansionism towards the entire region is Communist China. It has threatened Formosa and South Korea time and again with force. It foments civil strife in South Vietnam. It has brutally suppressed Tibet and launched an unprovoked assault on India. If China were strong enough, it would clearly attempt the domination of all Southeast Asia, and if it were successful, Pakistan would lose its freedom along with its neighbors.

India plays a crucial role in China's plans for domination, for it is the largest and the most stable democracy in the area. If it falls before China's onslaught, the future of democracy in all of Sotheast Asia is doomed. The Americans too should realize that if India falls, Washington's attempt to stem the Communist tide in Vietnam will have no meaning and the entire position of the

moral standards of the country. Many countries of the world have government censorship over their movie industry in order to maintain a proper moral standard. Only four countries do not have government censorship, the United States, Great Britain, Germany and Japan. I recommend the following article for each Member's reading for each to learn of the voluntary efforts on the part of our domestic movie industry to assert and maintain an appropriate code of ethics in movies for the American people. I hope these efforts will be continued with even greater success in the future so that the American movie can remain the enjoyable and proper media of entertainment it has been in the past.

The article follows:

MORALITY VERSUS MONEY: FILMS HEAL Dollar WOUND WITH PROTECTIVE UNDRESSING

(By Charles E. Davis, Jr.) Seduction used to be something you did not fool around with in Hollywood movies and nudity in pictures was as unexpected as profanity from the parson.

But times have changed.

In some of the movies Hollywood makes today you can see nearly nude women and you can be escorted through sex labyrinths that were taboo a generation ago.

You will hear arguments from some that these are symptoms of a new maturity in Hollywood—a maturity that made it possible for the movie industry to stay afloat financially.

Others insist that Hollywood is pouring out a torrent of filth and corrupting America's youth.

Who decides what can be seen?

The movie industry here censors its own product through the Hollywood Production Code. The United States, Great Britain, Germany, and Japan are the only four

major nations of the world that do not have Government-operated censor boards.

Geoffrey M. Shurlock has been administrator of the Hollywood code since 1947 and he readily admits that the code has been softened over the years.

"The movies merely reflect the general change in public taste," he said. "Newspapers, magazines, and books have changed in their content, too. Actually, movies are copycats. They change after everything else has changed."

WOULDN'T HAVE SURVIVED

"And they had to change,” said Shurlock. "The movie industry would not have survived under the old system."

What was the old system? It was something like the automobile maufacturers in Detroit and their dealerships throughout the country. A company owned a studio in Hollywood and a chain of theaters. It produced about 50 movies a year at its studio so it could keep its theaters stocked.

Most of these movies were trite, innocuous things quickly forgotten. But that was the system.

LOST THEATER CHAINS

"The average family would go to the movies 1 night a week," said Shurlock, "regardless of what was showing."

Then the motion picture industry suffered a deadly one-two economic punch. The Government's trustbusters cracked down on the movie companies. They were required to divorce their theater chains from the studios.

And a new competitor-television-moved into the American home.

Obviously, the public wouldn't pay to see ordinary movies when it could get free entertainment on the TV tube at home.

Today, a Hollywood studio that used to produce a quota of 50 pictures a year will turn out about 12 to 20 films-but they are much better pictures, Shurlock believes.

"TV," says Shurlock, "has taken over what was the stock-in-trade of the old Hollywood B picture. TV now shows the gangster pictures, the routine westerns, the family situation comedies.

"Hollywood hasn't made a gangster picture since "Johnny Cool," and that was a year and a half ago.

"And we won't make pictures like the Judge Hardy series again. How could we when TV gives the public ‘Ozzie and Harriet' and similar series at no charge?"

Hollywood has found that it can make good money with the new sophisticated approach. Trade publications cite figures that show they pay big returns at the box office.

And some say this means the industry has found the way again to financial security.

CODE RELAXED

But as Hollywood turned to pictures of greater sophistication with themes that explored alcoholism, narcotics addiction, nymphomania and case histories from KrafftEbing, there necessarily had to be greater freedom in the production code.

A scene in "The Carpetbaggers" will show actress Carol Baker partially nude. Shurlock concedes that this scene would not have been permissible 20 years ago.

Shurlock was told that in a recent magazine interview director Otto Preminger stated:

"There is just as much nudity in our films as in Europe. Take Irma La Douce. In the American code, nudity is concentrated on the cleavage. You can only see so much cleavage. So Billy Wilder turned the woman around and gave you a completely naked back."

Shurlock chuckled.

"The New York Times," he replied, "publishes panty ads that show the model naked from the waist up-from the back, of course."

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But Miss O'Hara admits dolefully that some clubwomen who give lipservice to attacks on smutty movies are the first ones to line up outside the theater showing such a picture.

The red-haired actress said she turned down a script last summer because it contained scenes that dealt with nudity and perversion.

"I thank God I was in a position to turn down the job," she said, "but what about the young actors and actresses who have to take any work they can get to pay the rent and the grocery bills? What can they do?

"Why must everything be so distasteful? In the script I turned down the story could have been magnificently told without the scenes I found objectionable.

"Pictures about wholesome subjects still make money. I was in Walt Disney's 'Parent Trap.' It made a lot of money. It was an honest portrayal of family life."

STILL CAN'T COMPETE

On the other hand, Screenwriter Sydney Boehm, now preparing the screenplay for "Sylvia" at Paramount, believes that while Hollywood has reached the point where it is now making some fine adult pictures, it still cannot compete with foreign-made films in sex freedom.

"I would say that 'Love With a Proper Stranger' is a good example of the fine adult pictures we are making in this country," said Boehm, "but if audiences want pure sex and smut, we can't begin to compete with Europe and Japan.

"Take 'Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow,' the Italian film with Sophia Loren and Marcello Mastroianni. It's a delightful thing but we couldn't make that picture in this country in a million years. It makes fun of pregnancy.

"Room at the Top' and 'Tom Jones' wouldn't get made in Hollywood either." Why not?

For one thing, says Boehm, Hollywood

moviemakers live in dreadful fear of the Legion of Decency, the censorship arm of the Catholic Church.

Are some of these pictures corrupting our young people?

"I don't know if their minds suffer any more because of these pictures," said Boehm, "than they do from reading about the activities of Bobby Baker and examining the girlie magazines."

IF IT'S CALLED FOR

Speaking from the director's standpoint, King Vidor has a simple solution for sex in movies.

"If the situation calls for it," he says, "I go all our for it."

He recalls with a pale smile how Louis Mayer one day assembled all his producers and directors at Metro and ran off a scene in which John Gilbert kissed the hand of

Aileen Pringle and then moved his lips up

her arm in a long, burning caress.

"This," Mayer lectured, "is one of the reasons the Hays office was formed."

The scene was from one of Vidor's pictures. Hollywood's attempts to regulate its product and create a better public image followed an era in which the industry was shaken by several scandals.

Comedian Roscoe (Fatty) Arbuckle, who was making $6,000 a week, was banished from the screen after actress Virginia Rappe died mysteriously during a drunken party in Arbuckle's San Francisco hotel suite.

The careers of two prominent actresses of the day were blighted by the murder in 1922 of Director William Desmond Taylor.

The public condemned its idols then much quicker than it does today.

And when the production code was put into operation in the early 1930's, it was much more puritanical than now.

COULDN'T USE IT

When David Selznick was making "Gone With the Wind," with Clark Gable as Rhett Butler and Vivian Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara, he asked the code administrator's office to approve a scene in which Gable says to Miss Leigh, "Frankly, Scarlett, I don't give a damn."

He was told he couldn't use the word "damn."

Selznick flew to New York to appeal the ruling to the heads of the motion picture companies. They OK'd the line.

"That was 1939," says Shurlock, "and this is 1964."

Shurlock dispelled one myth that has long persisted among even veteran Hollywood movie people and that is that there was ever a code restriction against showing a married couple in bed.

It was the British who objected. But they don't anymore. And movie twin beds are rapidly going out of style.

Byelorussian Independence Day

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN

OF NEW YORK

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 26, 1964

Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, it is most appropriate that we pause a moment to commemorate Byelorussian Independence Day. If we believe in freedom, we should carry its promise to all parts of the world. On their 46th anniversary, Byelorussians are laboring under the same tyranny which communism strives to bring to the whole world. Perhaps our words here will encourage the Byelorussian people to continue their resistance to that tyranny.

Byelorussia was a leader in the wave of revolution that swept Russian imperialism out of most of East Europe in 1918, and the first to bear the full brunt of Bolshevik savagery. Its geographic position alone enabled communism to triumph over freedom. The Byelorussians, could they speak freely today, would tell you that communism is indistinguishable from old Russian imperialism. They suffer just as much.

Byelorussia has every right to liberty and the pursuit of its own path to happiness, which is denied by Russia. The Byelorussian people provide the world promise carried by communism to the with a living refutation of the false great proportion of mankind which now struggles to cast off the lingering chains of imperialism. Our celebration of Byelorussian independence is not sufficient when the Byelorussian people themselves cannot celebrate. Let us hope that every year Byelorussian courage and love of freedom increases, so that soon our fellow men in Byelorussia will be able to rejoin the great and growing family of freemen.

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