themselves to unearthing the wonderful Cambrian succession in the Rocky Mountains of Canada. Here the Cambrian is extraordinarily complete, with a thickness of more than 12,000 feet, and an unparalleled abundance of fossils. Walcott also had the Carnegie Institution send an expedition to China, headed by Bailey Willis, to collect fossils, and later on sent J. P. Iddings to make additional Cambrian collections. He likewise persuaded local collectors in many lands to send him Cambrian material and borrowed that of the Geological Survey of India. Truly, Walcott assembled in the Smithsonian more Cambrian fossils than there are in the museums of all the rest of the world. One of the most striking of Walcott's faunal discoveries came at the end of the field season of 1909. As his party was coming down Mount Wapta, Mrs. Walcott's horse slipped and in so doing turned up a slab that at once attracted her husband's attention. Here was great treasure wholly strange crustaceans of Middle Cambrian time but where on the mountain had it come from? Snow was falling and the search for the original layer had to be left to another season. Next year Walcott was back again on the southwest slope of Wapta, and eventually the layer from which the slab of the previous year had come was discovered-a bed of black shale, later known as the Burgess shale, 3,000 feet above Field, British Columbia, and 8,000 feet above the sea. A stone quarry in this shale, opened and operated during the summers of 1910 to 1913, and again in 1917, yielded what is probably the strangest and most interesting of all invertebrate assemblages; algæ, many sponges with spicules, an array of annelids showing internal anatomy, brachiopods, and, most numerous of all, phyllocarids and trilobites with appendages and internal structures. Walcott has described 70 genera and 130 species | of the Burgess forms, but a vast mine of knowledge still lies buried in these most difficult of fossils. Of Walcott's striking papers, other than those already mentioned, a few more must be singled out. Among his early contributions to attract wide attention was his vice presidential address before the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1893, entitled "Geologic Time, as Indicated by the Sedimentary Rocks of North America." Here he opens with the significant remark: “Of all subjects of speculative geology few are more attractive or more! uncertain in positive results than geologic time." After a careful analysis of the known facts, he concludes that "geologic time is of great but not of indefinite duration. I believe that it can be measured by tens of millions, but not by single millions or hundreds of millions of years." This was, of course, before radium disintegration was known. Among Walcott's many papers on trilobites, the most striking one goes back to 1881-"The Trilobite; New and Old Evidence Relating to its Organization"-and has to do mainly with his original discovery of the anatomy and the legs of trilobites. Nothing that Walcott did afterwards brought him more fame, and coming so young in his life it aroused expectations of other big results, which followed quickly, one after another. Of his later contributions, the best one dealing with the morphology, growth stages, and phylogeny of trilobites, has the title "Olenellus and Other Genera of the Mesonacidae," 1910. It treats of 36 species in 10 genera of these most specialized of all Cambrian trilobites. Of faunal studies, the most comprehensive one is "The Fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone," 1890, which remains the classic of the subject; it treats of 138 species, but a revision of what Walcott has at Washington will bring the total to several hundred. His most monumental work is, of course, the two-volume "Cambrian Brachiopoda," 1912, which brings together the world's known forms, totaling 535 species in 59 genera, of which 360 occur in North America. This is another classic, the foundation upon which all classification of the Brachiopoda must rest. At the memorial meeting in Washington on February 10 Walcott's colleagues and associates said: "During the 40 or more years of his life in Washington he displayed to a degree that excited our greatest admiration a capacity for the dual duties of research and administration." As one of the world's leading paleontologists and revealer of Primordial Faunas he outshone by far even the illustrious Barrande of Bohemia, and in this country he was one of the outstanding men of all science, evidenced by his presidency of the National Academy of Sciences from 1917 to 1923. Five medals (Bigsby and Wollaston of England, Gaudry of France, Thompson and Hayden, of this country) and honorary degrees from Cambridge, St. Andrews, Christiania, Paris, Hamilton, Chicago, Hopkins, Pennsylvania, Yale, Harvard, and Pittsburgh further testify to the high place he held at the seats of learning in America and Europe. CHARLES SCHUCHERT. (Science, New Series, Vol. LXV, No. 1689, May 13, 1927, pp. 455-458.) APPENDIX A NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1. CONSTITUTION 1 [As amended and adopted April 17, 1872, and further amended April 20, 1875; April 21, 1881; April 19, 1882; April 18, 1883; April 19, 1888; April 18, 1895; April 20, 1899; April 17, 1902; April 18, 1906; November 20, 1906; April 17, 1907; November 20, 1907; April 20, 1911; April 16, 1912; April 21, 1915; November 11, 1924; November 9, 1925; October 18, 1927] PREAMBLE Empowered by the act of incorporation enacted by Congress, and approved by the President of the United States on the 3d day of March, A. D. 1863, and in conformity with amendments to said act approved July 14, 1870, June 20, 1884, and May 27, 1914, the National Academy of Sciences adopts the following amended constitution and by-laws: ARTICLE I.-OF MEMBERS SECTION 1.-The academy shall consist of members, honorary members, and foreign associates. Members must be citizens of the United States. SEC. 2. Members who, from age or inability to attend the meetings of the academy, wish to resign the duties of active membership may, at their own request, be transferred to the roll of honorary members by a vote of the academy. SEC. 3. The academy may elect 50 foreign associates. SEC. 4. Honorary members and foreign associates shall have the privilege of attending the meetings and of reading and communicating papers to the academy, but shall take no part in its business, shall not be subject to its assessments, and shall be entitled to s copy of the publications of the academy. ARTICLE II.-OF THE OFFICERS SECTION 1. The officers of the academy shall be a president, a vice president, a foreign secretary, a home secrerary, and a treasurer, all of whom shall be elected for a term of four years, by a majority of votes present, at the first stated meeting after the expiration of 1 By direction of the executive committee of the council of the academy, the constitution and by-laws as printed here include the amendments adopted at the autumn meeting in October, 1927, although the period covered by this annual report ended on June 30 of that year. the current terms, provided that existing officers retain their places until their successors are elected. In case of a vacancy, the election for four years shall be held in the same manner at the meeting when such vacancy occurs or at the next stated meeting thereafter, as the academy may direct. A vacancy in the office of treasurer or home secretary may, however, be filled by appointment of the president of the academy until the next stated meeting of the academy. COUNCIL SEC. 2. The officers of the academy, together with six members to be elected by the academy, shall constitute a council for the transaction of such business as may be assigned to them by the constitution or the academy. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SEC. 3. There shall be an executive committee of the council of the academy, composed of seven members, consisting of the president and vice president of the academy, the chairman of the National Research Council (provided he be a member of the academy), the home secretary of the academy, the treasurer of the academy, and additional members of the council of the academy appointed by the president. Their term as members of the executive committee shall be coterminous with the term of their other office. Except those powers dealing with nominations to membership in the academy, the executive committee between the meetings of the council shall have all the powers of the council of the academy, unless otherwise ordered by the council. The members of the executive committee of the academy shall by virtue of their office be members of the executive board of the National Research Council and shall represent the academy at all its meetings. The president and home secretary of the academy shall, respectively, be chairman and secretary of the executive committee. In the absence of the president and the vice president or home secretary the executive committee may select from among its members a chairman or a secretary pro tem. The executive committee shall keep regular minutes and shall report all of its proceedings to the council of the academy for their information. Unless otherwise ordered by the council of the academy or the executive committee the executive committee shall meet once in each calendar month and a special meeting may be called at any time by authority of the chairman, on reasonable notice. Four members of the executive committee shall constitute a quorum. Letter ballots shall not be valid unless ratified at a meeting. To meetings of the council of the academy and of the executive committee the permanent secretary of the National Research Council and the custodian of buildings and grounds may be invited, but shall not vote. CUSTODIAN BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS SEC. 4. On recommendation of the president the council of the academy shall appoint a "custodian of buildings and grounds," who, except where otherwise provided in the constitution and by-laws, shall have custody of all buildings, grounds, furniture, and other physical property belonging to the National Academy of Sciences or the National Research Council, or intrusted to their care. He shall be responsible for and shall manage and administer these under such generic rules as the council of the academy may make, and shall approve all vouchers for pay rolls and disbursements that come under authorized budget items or are specifically authorized by the council of the academy for the maintenance and operation of the academy's and the research council's physical property. He shall hold office at the pleasure of the council of the academy and shall receive such salary as it may agree and shall give such bond for the faithful performance of his duties as it may require. He shall prepare and present to the finance committee of the academy the buildings and grounds division of the general budget. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON BUILDINGS He shall be chairman of a joint advisory committee of five on buildings and grounds, of which two members shall be appointed by the president of the academy from the academy council, and two from the executive board of the National Research Council, which committee shall decide, subject to the approval of the council of the academy, all questions of allocation of space and use of public rooms. FINANCE COMMITTEE SEC. 5. There shall be a finance committee, of which the treasurer shall be chairman, consisting of the president of the academy (or in his absence the vice president), the treasurer, the chairman of the National Research Council (provided he be a member of the academy), and two other members of the academy appointed by the president, one of whom shall be a member of the executive board of the National Research Council. It shall be the duty of the finance committee to prepare and present to the council of the academy for adoption the "general budget," made up of the three "divisional budgets," of the academy proper, of the research council, and of buildings and grounds, which divisional budgets shall be presented to the finance committee respec |