§ 68. THE ARMY AND NAVY.

See § IIc, arms and armour; § 21, general treatises on the army and navy; §§ 53, 54, original sources; and Nos. 422a, 426, 435a, 636, 826 (Cinque Ports), 829, 1240a, 2826a, 3223. For the wars of Richard I. and John in Normandy, see Powicke (No. 2840a). On the battle of Sandwich, 1217, see H. L. Cannon, in English Historical Review, 1912, xxvii. 649-70. J. E. Morris's Welsh Wars of Edward I. (No. 28376) is valuable. For two interesting papers on the archers at Crecy, by H. B. George and J. E. Morris, see English Historical Review, 1895, x. 733-8; 1897, xii. 427-36: for other studies in fourteenth-century warfare, see T. F. Tout, Tactics of the Battles of Boroughbridge and Morlaix, ibid., 1904, xix. 711-15; Some Neglected Fights between Crecy and Poitiers, ibid., 1905, XX. 726-30; and Firearms in the Fourteenth Century, ibid., 1911, xxvi. 666-702. For some notices of the battles in the Wars of the Roses, see No. 1843a. Other works on military operations: Carl Ballhausen, Die Schlacht bei Bouvines, Jena, 1907, pp. 119; René de Belleval, La Première Campagne d'Edouard III. en France, Paris, 1864; Richard Czeppan, Die Schlacht bei Crécy, 1346, Berlin, 1906, pp. 115; J. D. Drummond, Studien zur Kriegsgeschichte Englands im 12. Jahrhundert, [Berlin], 1905, pp. 96 (deals with the number of knights' fees in England and the employment of the knight as a foot-soldier); Charles Joret, La Bataille de Formigny, Paris, 1903, pp. 88; Karl Lampe, Die Schlacht bei Maupertuis, Berlin, 1908, pp. 73; Henry Ribadieu, Les Campagnes du Comte Derby en Guyenne (reprinted from Actes de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences, Belles Lettres, et Arts de Bordeaux, 1863, xxv. 329-413), Bordeaux, 1864; Amicie de Villaret, Campagnes des Anglais dans l'Orléanais, etc., 1421-28, Orleans, 1893.

2988. BOUCHER DE MOLANDON, RÉMI, and BEAUCORPS, ADALBERT DE. L'armée anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d'Arc sous les murs d'Orléans. Orleans, etc., 1892.

A valuable account of the organisation of the English army, Inedited documents, 209-301. See also Nos. 1240a, 2837b.

2988a. BROOKE, RICHARD. Visits to fields of battle of the fifteenth century. London, etc., 1857.

2989. CLINTON, H. R. From Crécy to Assye: five centuries of the military history of England. London, [1881]; new edition, 1898.

2990. DELPECH, HENRI. La tactique au xiiime siècle. 2 vols. Paris, 1886.

Deals also with the 11th and 12th centuries. Suggestive, though some of the author's general conclusions are untenable.

2991. HANNAY, DAVID. A short history of the royal navy, 1217-1815. 2 vols. London, 1898-[1909].

The account of the medieval navy is very brief.

2992. HUNTER, JOSEPH. Critical and historical tracts. No. 1 Agincourt, list of commanders, etc. London, 1850. pp. 56.

Histoire de la marine

2992a. LA RONCIÈRE, CHARLES DE. française. Vols. i.-iv. [to 1642]. Paris, 1899-1910.

This covers more briefly his Blocus Continental de l'Angleterre sous Philippe le Bel [1298], in Revue des Questions Historiques, 1896, lx. 401441; and his Quatrième Guerre Navale entre la France et l'Angleterre, 1335-41, Paris, 1898, pp. 59.

2993. LEADMAN, A. D. H. Prolia Eboracensia: battles fought in Yorkshire. London, 1891.

2993a. MACKENZIE, W. M. The battle of Bannockburn, a study in medieval warfare. Glasgow, 1913. pp. 114.

Elaborated from a suggestive paper published in the Transactions of the Glasgow Archæological Society for 1910. See also Round, Commune of London (No. 2826a), ch. xiv.; J. E. Morris, Bannockburn, Cambridge, 1914; Sir Herbert Maxwell's paper in Scottish Historical Review, 1914, xi. 233-51; and No. 3001.

2994. NICOLAS, N. H.

History of the battle of Agincourt. London, 1827; 3rd edition, 1833.

Contains many extracts from chronicles and records. Valuable. See also René de Belleval, Azincourt, Paris, 1865; Auguste de Loisne, La Bataille d'Azincourt, Paris, 1898, pp. 15 (extract from Bulletin Historique et Philologique, 1897, pp. 70-82); Friedrich Niethe, Die Schlacht bei Azincourt, 1415, Berlin, 1906, pp. 58; and J. H. Wylie, Notes on the Agincourt Roll, Royal Hist. Soc., Trans., 3rd series, 1911, v. 105–40.

2995. OPPENHEIM, M[ICHAEL]. A history of the administration of the royal navy, 1509-1660. London, etc., 1896.

The navy before 1509, especially in the 15th century, 1-44.

2996. PUISEUX, LÉON. Siège et prise de Caen par les Anglais en 1417. Caen, 1858. pp. 98.

A good recent paper on a similar subject is Henri Prentout's La Prise de Caen par Edouard III., 1346, in Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, etc., de Caen, 1904, PP. 225-93.

2997.

Siège et prise de Rouen par les Anglais,

1418-19. Caen, 1867.

2998. ROUND, J. H. La bataille de Hastings. Revue Historique, lxv. 61-77. Paris, 1897.

A review of No. 3000,

2999.

The battle of Hastings. Sussex Archæol. Soc., Collections, xlii. 54-63. Lewes, 1899.

A survey of the recent literature of the subject, with a bibliography. See also his Feudal England (No. 2827) and his Commune of London (No. 2826a); and cf. No. 2812.

3000. SPATZ, WILHELM.

Berlin, 1896. pp. 69.

Scholarly. See No. 2998.

Die Schlacht von Hastings.

3001. WHITE, ROBERT. History of the battle of Bannockburn, 1314. Edinburgh, 1871.

3002.

London, etc., 1857.

History of the battle of Otterburn, 1388.

§ 69. TENURES OF LAND AND CLASSES OF

SOCIETY.

a. Law of Inheritance, Nos. 3003-8.

b. The Nobility, Feudalism, and Knighthood, Nos. 3009-45.

c. Villeins, Nos. 3046-54a.

d. Jews, Nos. 3055-72.

See § 22, general works on tenures and classes; § 24, local history; § 44, vill and manor. The principal sources are dealt with in §§ 50, 55, 57. See also Vinogradoff, No. 1240a; and

No. 2877.

a. LAW OF INHERITANCE.

On the rights of women as regards inheritance, see Nos. 1543, 1546, 1553; and on primogeniture, Pollock and Maitland, English Law, bk. ii. ch. vi.

3003. BRUNNER,

HEINRICH. Das anglonormannische

Erbfolgesystem. Leipsic, 1869. pp. 88.

Valuable,

3004. CECIL, EVELYN. Primogeniture: a short history of its development in various countries. London, 1895.

Ch. ii, deals briefly with its history in England.

3005. Corner, G. R. On the custom of borough English [in Suffolk]. Suffolk Institute of Archæology, Proceedings, ii. 227-41. Lowestoft, 1859.

3006.

On the custom of borough English in Sussex. Sussex Archæol. Soc., Collections, vi. 164-89. London, 1853.Also printed separately, London, 1853.

On borough English, see also C. I. Elton, Origins of English History (No. 1247), ch. viii.

3007. GOMME, G. L. Archæol. Review, ii. 184-97.

Widowhood in manorial law.
London, 1888.

3008. KENNY, C. S., and LAURENCE, P. M. Two essays on the law of primogeniture. [History of the law of primogeniture in England, by C. S. Kenny, pp. 71; The law and custom of primogeniture, by P. M. Laurence, pp. 161.] Cambridge, etc., 1878.

b. THE NOBILITY, FEUDALISM, AND KNIGHTHOOD.

The most elaborate work on the history of the peerage is the Peers' Reports (No. 2944). Much information concerning the nobility may also be obtained from other books mentioned in § 65, notably Pike's House of Lords (No. 2942). For earls and earldoms in the time of Stephen, Round's Geoffrey de Mandeville (No. 2828) should be consulted. Knight service is ably dealt with by the same writer in his Feudal England (No. 2827); see also No. 2952. For works on chivalry and knighthood, see Gatfield's Guide (No. 296), 245-67. For comparison with conditions on the continent, see P. Guilhiermoz's Essai sur l'Origine de la Noblesse en France (No. 728).

General.

3009. COLLINS, ARTHUR. Proceedings, precedents, and arguments on claims concerning baronies by writ and other honours. London, 1734.

3010. GAUTIER, LÉON. La chevalerie. Paris, 1884; new edition, [1890].-Translated by Henry Frith: Chivalry. London, 1891.

The best general work on chivalry, but it devotes no particular attention to England,

3011. GNEIST, RUDOLF. Adel und Ritterschaft in England. Berlin, 1853. PP. 103.

3012. JESSOPP, AUGUSTUS. Studies by a recluse. London, 1893; 3rd edition, 1895.

Ch, v. The land and its owners in past times. A good popular account of the various classes and tenures.

3013. LYNCH, WILLIAM. A view of legal institutions, honorary hereditary offices, and feudal baronies established in Ireland during the reign of Henry II. London, 1830.

Ch. xi, contains writs of military and parliamentary summons, 2 John5 James II.

3014. MADOX, THOMAS. Baronia Anglica: history of landhonors and baronies, and of tenure in capite. London, 1736; reprinted, 1841.

Contains many extracts from plea rolls and other public records, Valuable.

3015. MILLS, CHARLES. The history of chivalry. 2 vols. London, 1825; another edition, 2 vols., 1826; reprinted, I vol., Philadelphia, 1844.

3016. NICHOLS, F. M. On feudal and obligatory knighthood. Soc. of Antiq. of London, Archæologia, xxxix. 189-244. London, 1863.

3017. NICOLAS, N. H. of the British empire, etc.

For an elaborate work on

History of the orders of knighthood
4 vols.
4 vols. London, 1841-42.

the arms of knights, see St. John Hope's Stall Plates of the Order of the Knights of the Garter (No. 288).

3017a. *ROUND, J. H. The king's serjeants and officers of state, with their coronation services. London, 1911.

3018. SEEBOHM, FREDERIC. Feudal tenures in England. Fortnightly Review, new series, vii. 89-107. London, 1870. A good short account.