1759. Continuatio Beccensis, 1157-60, ed. Richard Howlett, Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I., iv. 317-27. Rolls Series. London, 1889.

A contemporary record, dealing mainly with the continental transactions of Henry II. For this and other continuations of Robert of Torigni, see Delisle's edition (No. 1848), ii. 137-80.

1760. *COTTON, BARTHOLOMEW (d. circa 1298). Historia Anglicana, A.D. 449-1298, necnon ejusdem Liber de archiepiscopis et episcopis Angliæ, ed. H. R. Luard. Rolls Series. London, 1859. The Historia was begun in 1292. Bk. i. (De Regibus Britonum) is copied from Geoffrey of Monmouth, and is not printed by Luard. The part A.D. 449-1066 is mainly an abridgment of Henry of Huntingdon, and the entries from 1066 to 1291 are transcribed from the Annals of Norwich. From 1291 to 1298 the work is original and contemporaneous. Extracts from this part are edited by Liebermann in Pertz's Scriptores (No. 594), xxviii. 604-21. The above-mentioned Annals of Norwich, to 1263, are based mainly upon Matthew Paris, John of Wallingford, and Tayster; from 1264 onward this chronicle, with Cotton's continuation, is a contemporary authority of much importance, especially for the reign of Edward I. Extracts from it, 1074-1292, are edited by Liebermann, ibid., 600-603. A notable feature of this part of the work is the large number of papal bulls, royal letters, and other documents which it contains. The Liber de Archiepiscopis et Episcopis is mainly an abridgment of William of Malmesbury's De Gestis Pontificum. The portion relating to the bishops of Norwich is also printed in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, i. 403-12. Cotton was a monk of the cathedral church of Norwich.

1761. *COVENTRY, WALTER OF. Memoriale fratris Walteri de Coventria: the historical collections of Walter of Coventry [from Brutus to 1225], ed. William Stubbs. Rolls Series. 2 vols. London, 1872-73.-A portion of the work is printed in Bouquet's Recueil des Historiens, xviii. 164-87, Paris, 1822; and extracts of the part 1202-25 are edited by Liebermann in Pertz's Scriptores (No. 594), xxvii. 183-90, Hanover, 1885.

Stubbs says that the book is one on which its creator has bestowed very, very little more than manual labour.' It was compiled between 1293 and 1307. The part down to the year 1201 is taken chiefly from Geoffrey of Monmouth, Florence of Worcester, Henry of Huntingdon, Benedict of Peterborough, and Hoveden. The entries from 1201 to 1225, which form a continuation of Hoveden and are derived from a chronicle of the monastery of Barnwell, are of great value for the study of John's reign; Stubbs regards them as the best source of information concerning the eventful years 1212-16. The Barnwell annals seem to have been drawn up about the year 1227 (perhaps at Crowland); after the middle of the 13th century they were incorporated in a compilation of historians made

at Crowland or Peterborough, and from that compilation were transferred into the Memoriale. Luard, in his edition of Matthew Paris's Chronica Majora, vol. ii. p. xii., plausibly asserts that Walter of Coventry was probably not the author of this work, the title 'Memoriale' meaning simply that he left the book as a memorial to his monastery; but Stubbs believes that 'memoriale' means things worth remembering, or historical collections. Concerning Walter of Coventry almost nothing is known. Perhaps he was a monk of St. Mary's abbey, York, in the reign of Edward I.

1762. *CRETON, JEAN. Histoire du roy d'Angleterre Richard [II], traictant particulièrement la rebellion de ses subiectz... [1399]; composée par un gentilhomme françois de marque, qui fut à la suite dudict roy [with a translation of the French text], ed. John Webb. Soc. of Antiq. of London, Archæologia, xx. 1-423. London, 1824.-Another edition: Poëme sur la déposition de Richard II., ed. J. A. [C.] Buchon, Collection des Chroniques Françaises, xxiv. 321-466. Paris, 1826.-Translation. of a French metrical history of the deposition of Richard II. [a reprint of Webb's translation in Archæologia, vol. xx.]. London, 1899.

Buchon's edition is based on a better MS. than Webb's. Creton was an eye-witness of many of the events which he narrates, and his poem (seemingly written in 1401) is the chief authority for the last few months of Richard's reign. Like the author of the Chronique de la Traïson (No. 1753), Creton sympathises with Richard II., to whom he was warmly attached and whom he accompanied on the expedition to Ireland in 1399. He was a squire in attendance on a French knight who had obtained leave from Charles VI. to visit England. In 1410 he was valet-de-chambre of that king. See J. H. Wylie, History of England under Henry IV. (London, 1884), i. 329-32; and Archæologia, 1840, xxviii. 75-95.

1763. Croniques de London, ed. G. J. Aungier. Camden Soc. London, 1844.-Translated by H. T. Riley: The French chronicle of London, 1259-1343. London, 1863.-Translated by Edmund Goldsmid: The chronicles of London. Edinburgh, 1885–86.

3 vols.

A London city or mayors' chronicle, dealing mainly with the affairs of the kingdom. It seems to have been compiled about the middle of the 14th century.

1764. DEVIZES, RICHARD OF. De rebus gestis Ricardi Primi [1189-92], ed. Richard Howlett, Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I., iii. 379-454. Rolls Series. London, 1886.-Another edition, by Joseph Stevenson, English

Hist. Soc., London, 1838.-Extracts, ed. Liebermann, in Pertz's Scriptores (No. 594), xxvii. 75-80. Hanover, 1885.-Translated by J. A. Giles: Chronicle of Richard of Devizes, London, 1841; reprinted, with emendations, in Chronicles of the Crusades, 1-64, Bohn's Antiquarian Library, London, 1848.-A better translation, by Joseph Stevenson, Church Historians of England, vol. v. pt. i. London, 1858.

Probably completed in 1193. Howlett says that it is one of the most amusing products of the middle ages,' and that' in it classical quotations, bombastic speeches, and keen gibes are mixed up with valuable historical facts.' It supplies details nowhere else to be found regarding the condition of affairs in England during the first years of Richard's reign. The author, a monk of St. Swithun's, Winchester, was still alive in 1202.

1765. DICETO, RALPH DE (d. circa 1202). Opera historica, ed. William Stubbs. Rolls Series. 2 vols. London, 1876.

Abbreviationes chronicorum, from the creation to 1147, i. 3-263; also in Twysden's Scriptores X., 429-524, London, 1652; extracts, ed. Pauli, in Pertz's Scriptores (No. 594), xxvii. 254-60. This work is made up of extracts from pre-existing chroniclers.

Imagines historiarum, 1148-1202, i. 267-440, ii. 3-174; also in Twysden's Scriptores, 525-710; extracts, ed. Pauli, in Pertz's Scriptores, xxvii. 260-86. These Outlines of History,' down to about 1172, are based on Robert of Torigni; after 1172 the work is original, and from 1188 onward it is a valuable contemporary record, which contains many letters, papal bulls, and other documents. The author's chronology is, however, often faulty.

Minor works (of little value), ii. 177-285.

The Annales de Southwark, extracts from which are edited by Pauli in Pertz's Scriptores, xxvii. 430-32, are based mainly on Ralph de Diceto ; but they contain some additional entries to 1240.

Ralph de Diceto was elected dean of St. Paul's, London, in 1180, and held that office to the time of his death. His birthplace is sometimes, on insufficient grounds, identified with the parish of Diss in Norfolk.

1766. Dit (Le) de Guillaume d'Angleterre, ed. Francisque Michel, Chroniques Anglo-Normandes, iii. 173-211. Rouen, 1840. Another edition, in Giles's Scriptores (No. 1671), 270-97. London, 1845

An Anglo-French poem, concerning the authorship of which nothing is

known.

1767. *DURHAM, SIMEON OF (d. after 1129). Opera et collectanea [ed. J. H. Hinde]. Vol. i. Surtees Soc. Durham, etc., 1868.-Opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold. Rolls Series.

2 vols. London, 1882-85. [Poorly edited.]-The historical works of Simeon of Durham. Translated by Joseph Stevenson, Church Historians of England, vol. iii. pt. ii. London, 1855.

Historia Dunelmensis ecclesiæ, A.D. 635-1096, with two continuations, to 1154 Simeon's Opera, ed. Arnold, i. 1-169; Twysden's Scriptores X., 1-68, London, 1652; ed. Thomas Bedford, London, 1732. Written between 1104 and 1108. Deals mainly with the history of the church of Durham, but also supplies valuable information concerning the secular affairs of northern England, especially in the 9th century. The early portion of the work is derived chiefly from Bede's Ecclesiastical History and his Life of Cuthbert.

Historia regum, or Historia de regibus Anglorum et Dacorum, A.D. 616-1129 Simeon's Opera, ed. Arnold, ii. 1-283; Twysden's Scriptores X., 85-256; to A.D. 957, in Petrie's Monumenta, 645-88; Simeon's Opera, ed. Hinde, 1-131; extracts, ed. Pauli, in Pertz's Scriptores (No. 594), xiii. 157-60. This chronicle is in part derived from a Durham compilation which extended from A.D. 731 to 951 and was based on the lost Northumbrian annals (No. 1376) and on Asser. The passages taken from the lost annals are valuable for northern affairs. Simeon also used Florence of Worcester, especially from A.D. 887 onward. For the years 1119-29 the work is an independent authority. It was continued by John of Hexham (No. 1791) to 1154.

Arnold and Hinde edit various other pieces attributed to Simeon. He was a monk and precentor of the church of Durham. He probably died soon after 1129.

1768. *EADMER (d. circa 1124). Historia novorum in Anglia [circa A.D. 960-1122], ed. Martin Rule. Rolls Series. London, 1884.-Other editions: by John Selden, London, 1623; by Gabriel Gerberon, Paris, 1675, 1721 (reprinted, Venice, 1744); and in Migne's Patrologia, clix. 347-588, Paris, 1854.-Extracts, 1051-1121, ed. Pauli, in Pertz's Scriptores (No. 594), xiii. 139–48. Hanover, 1881.

The first recension appeared in 1112, and the work was completed in 1124. The early portion relates mainly to Lanfranc's career; the bulk of the history comprises a minute contemporary account of the relations of Anselm to William II. and Henry I., 1092-1109. It is the best authority on the investiture controversy. The last two books deal with the history of the see of Canterbury, 1110-1122. Liebermann believes that as regards unity of plan and of treatment this work has no equal among the great historians of England in the 12th century. Eadmer was a monk of Christ church, Canterbury, and the confidential adviser of Anselm. See Felix Liebermann, Ueber Eadmer, in Geschichtsquellen (No. 586), 284-302; Father Ragey, Eadmer, Paris, etc., [1892]; and Martin Rule, On Eadıner's Elaboration of the First Four Books of the Historia Novorum, Cambridge Antiq. Soc., Communications, 1888, vi. 195-304. For Eadmer's Life of Anselm, etc., see No. 2225.

1769. ELMHAM, THOMAS OF (d. circa 1428). Liber metricus de Henrico Quinto, ed. C. A. Cole, Memorials of Henry V., 77–166. Rolls Series. London, 1858.

Written in 1418-19; supplements the Gesta Henrici Quinti (No. 1789), also probably the work of Elmham. For the Vita et Gesta Henrici Quinti, ascribed by Hearne to Elmham, see No. 1814. For Elmham's History of the Monastery of St. Augustine, Canterbury, see No. 1364. He was a monk of that abbey in 1407 and prior of Lenton in 1414.

1770. Eulogium historiarum sive temporis: chronicon ab orbe condito usque ad annum domini 1366, a monacho quodam Malmesburiensi exaratum [with a continuation to 1413], ed. F. S. Haydon. Rolls Series. 3 vols. London, 1858-63.

A general survey of English history, probably written by a monk of Malmesbury named Thomas, who completed the work about 1367. The early part is a compilation from Geoffrey of Monmouth, Higden, and other chroniclers. The part 1356-66 is contemporaneous. The continuation to 1413, added by an unknown hand in the first half of the 15th century, is also valuable, especially for the proceedings of parliament in Richard II.'s time.

1771. FABYAN, ROBERT (d. 1513). The new chronicles of England and France [from Brutus to 1485], by Robert Fabyan, named by himself the Concordance of histories, reprinted from Pynson's edition of 1516, the first part collated with the editions of 1533, 1542, and 1559, ed. Henry Ellis. London, 1811.

In his attempt to harmonise the accounts of various chroniclers Fabyan shows little critical power. From 1189 onward the Concordance, which is written in English, has the form of a regular London chronicle, the record of each year being headed by the names of the mayor and sheriffs for that year. The rest of the work is of some value for the history of London and for the affairs of the kingdom, especially during the reigns of Edward IV. and Richard III. Fabyan was made sheriff of the city in 1493.

1772. FANTOSME, JORDAN. Chronique de la guerre entre les Anglois et les Ecossais en 1173 et 1174 [with a translation], ed. Richard Howlett, Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I., iii. 202-377. Rolls Series. London, 1886.Other editions by Francisque Michel, Surtees Soc., 1840; and in his edition of the chronicle of Benoît de Sainte-Maure (No. 1840), iii. 531-613, Paris, 1844.-Extracts, ed. Liebermann, in Pertz's Scriptores (No. 594), xxvii. 53-59. Hanover, 1885.