of Britton, Atkinson's Vie de St. Auban, Lamond's Walter of Henley, Miss Neilson's Customary Rents (Oxford, 1910), etc. A bibliography of such glossaries would be useful.

For works dealing with the structure of the medieval languages, see Bernheim (No. 2), 5th edition, 286-9; Gustav Gröber, Grundriss der Romanischen Philologie, 2 vols. in 5, Strasburg, 1888-1902 (2nd edition, vol. i., 1904-06); and Hermann Paul, Grundriss der Germanischen Philologie, 2 vols. in 3, Strasburg, 1891-93 (2nd edition, 3 vols. in 4, 1900-09). The best account of Anglo-French is in W. W. Skeat's Principles of English Etymology, 2nd series, Oxford, 1891, pp. 1-136. See also Behrens (No. 200a); Johan Vising, Etude sur le Dialecte Anglo-Normand du XII Siècle, Upsala, 1882, pp. 104; Emil Busch, Laut- und Formenlehre der Anglonormannischen Sprache des XIV. Jahrhunderts, Greifswald, 1887, pp. 71; Westphal (No. 352); and especially Maitland's introduction to Year Book 1-2 Edward II. (see p. 34, below). On the Scandinavian element in the English language, see Erik Björkman, Scandinavian Loan-Words in Middle English, 2 pts., Halle, 1900-1902.

a. ENGLISH.

See Nos. 215, 3224a; and R. P. Wülker, Grundriss zur Geschichte der Angelsächsischen Litteratur (Leipsic, 1885), 99-101.

188. BOSWORTH, JOSEPH. An Anglo-Saxon dictionary, based on the manuscript collections of Joseph Bosworth, ed. T. N. Toller. Oxford, 1882-[98].-Supplement, pt. i. (A-E), 1908.

The best Anglo-Saxon dictionary; it entirely replaces Bosworth's Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language (London, 1838), which is untrustworthy.

189. Catholicon Anglicum, an English-Latin wordbook, dated 1483, ed. S. J. H. Herrtage. Early English Text Soc. London, 1881.-The same edition, Camden Soc., London, 1882.

190. Century dictionary (The), ed. W. D. Whitney. 6 vols New York, [1889-91].—Supplement, ed. B. E. Smith, 2 vols., [1909].-Revised edition, by B. E. Smith Century dictionary and cyclopedia. 12 vols. New York, [1911].

191. GREIN, C. W. M. Sprachschatz der angelsächsischen Dichter. vols. Cassel, etc., 1861-64.-New edition, by J. J. Köhler, I vol., Heidelberg, 1912.

A good glossary of words found in Anglo-Saxon poetry.

192. HALLIWELL, J. O. A dictionary of archaic and provincial words, obsolete words, proverbs, and ancient customs, from the fourteenth century. 2 vols. London, 1846; 11th edition, 1889; 6th edition, in 1 vol., 1904.

The various editions seem to have been printed from the same plates.

193. *MÄTZNER, EDUARD. Altenglische Sprachproben, nebst einem Wörterbuche. Vol. ii.: Wörterbuch, pts. i.-xiii. (A-M). Berlin, 1878 [1872]-1900.

194. *MURRAY, J. A. H., and BRADLEY, HENRY. A new English dictionary on historical principles; founded mainly on the materials collected by the Philological Society. Vols. i.-x., in part (A-T). Oxford, 1888-1914.

195. NARES, ROBERT. A glossary of words, phrases, etc., in the works of English authors. London, 1822.-New edition, by J. O. Halliwell and Thomas Wright, 2 vols., 1859; reprinted, 1888, and, in 1 vol., 1905.

196. Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum, lexicon Anglo-Latinum princeps, auctore fratre Galfrido Grammatico dicto, A.D. circa 1440, ed. Albert Way. Camden Soc. 3 vols. London, 1843-65.—Another edition, by A. L. Mayhew, Early English Text Soc., 1908.-Earlier editions, 1499, 1508, 1516, etc.

197. STRATMANN, F. H. A dictionary of the old English language. Krefeld, 1867; 3rd edition, 1878.-New edition, by Henry Bradley: A middle-English dictionary. Oxford, 1891; reprinted, 1914.

Bradley's edition is especially valuable.

198. SWEET, HENRY. The student's dictionary of AngloSaxon. Oxford, 1897.

199. WRIGHT, JOSEPH. The English dialect dictionary. 6 vols. London, 1898 [1896]-1905.

Contains English dialect words which are known to have been in use at any time during the last two hundred years in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The eighty volumes published by the English Dialect Society between 1873 and 1896 are incorporated in this dictionary. At the end of vol. vi. Wright reprints his English Dialect Grammar, 1905.

D

b. FRENCH.

'I know of nothing more disgraceful to such a land as England, the lawyers of which have made more or less use of Anglo-French for some eight hundred years, than the fact that no one has yet taken in hand to make a reasonably useful dictionary, or even a vocabulary, of this highly important language:' W. W. Skeat, Principles of English Etymology, 2nd series, 1891, p. 26. We have now, however, Maitland's paper, Of the Anglo-French Language in the Early Year Books, in Year Book 1-2 Edward II. (Selden Soc., London, 1903), introd., xxxiii.-lxxxi.; reprinted in Cambridge History of English Literature (No. 37a), vol. i. ch. xx. For town French of the fourteenth century, see Studer's supplement to his edition of the Oak Book of Southampton (No. 2391c). A glossary of Anglo-French is being prepared by L. O. Pike.

200. ATKINSON, ROBERT. Vie de Seint Auban [St. Alban]. London, 1876.

Contains a valuable Anglo-French glossary, pp. i.-cxlvii.

2008. BEHRENS, DIETRICH. Beiträge zur Geschichte der französischen Sprache in England. [Französische Studien, ed. G. Körting, vol. v. pt. ii.] Heilbronn, 1886.

Supplemented by his essay, Französische Elemente im Englischen, in Paul's Grundriss der Germanischen Philologie, 2nd edition (Strasburg, 1901), i. 950-89. See also Ernst Burghardt, Ueber den Einfluss des Englischen auf das Anglonormannische (Studien zur Englischen Philologie, ed. L. Morsbach, no. xxiv.), Halle, 1906, pp. 112.

201. BURGUY, G. F. Grammaire de la langue d'oïl, suivi d'un glossaire. 3 vols. Berlin, 1853-56; 2nd edition, 1869-70.

Vol. iii. Glossaire.

202. DU CANGE, C. DUFRESNE. Glossaire françois, faisant suite au Glossarium mediæ et infimæ Latinitatis, ed. Léopold Favre. 2 vols. Niort, 1879.

This glossary will also be found in vol. vii. of Henschel's edition of the Glossarium, and in vol. ix. of Favre's: see No. 213.

GODEFROY, FRÉDÉRIC. Dictionnaire de l'ancienne 10 vols. Paris, 1881-1902.

203.

langue française [with supplement].

-Abridged edition, in I vol. Lexique de l'ancien Français. Paris, [1898-1901.

204. KELHAM, ROBERT. A dictionary of the Norman or old French language; to which are added the laws of William the Conqueror. London, 1779.

This glossary comprises mainly words found in the medieval records of England. It is incomplete and unscholarly. The Laws of William the Conqueror have a separate title-page and pagination.

205. LA CURNE DE SAINTE-PALAYE, J. B. historique de l'ancien langage françois. 10 vols. 1875-82.

Dictionnaire
Niort, etc.,

206. LUDERS, ALEXANDER. Essay on the use of the French language in our ancient laws. [Bath, 1807.] pp. 82.

206a. MENGER, L. E. The Anglo-Norman dialect. New York, 1904.

206b. MÉTIVIER, GEORGES. Dictionnaire franco-normand, ou recueil des mots de Guernesey. London, etc., 1870.

207. MOISY, HENRI. Glossaire comparatif anglo-normand. 7 pts. Caen, etc., 1889-[95].

The introduction deals with the structure of Anglo-French. The work as a whole is inaccurate and untrustworthy.

208. ROQUEFORT, J. B. B. Glossaire de la langue romane. 2 vols. and supplement. Paris, 1808-20.

209. TOYNBEE, PAGET. Specimens of old French. Oxford, 1892.

Contains a useful glossary of 205 pages.

c. LATIN.

See Nos. 189, 196.

210. BRINCKMEIER, EDUARD. Glossarium diplomaticum. 2 vols. Gotha, 1850-63.

211. DIEFENBACH, LORENZ. Glossarium Latino-Germanicum mediæ et infimæ ætatis. [A supplement to Henschel's edition of Du Cange's Glossarium, with which it is now published.] Frankfort, 1857.

See No. 213.

212. DIEFENBACH, LORENZ. Novum glossarium LatinoGermanicum mediæ et infimæ ætatis. Frankfort, 1867.

213. *DU CANGE, C. DUFRESNE. Glossarium mediæ et infimæ Latinitatis, ed. G. A. L. Henschel. 7 vols. Paris, 184050.-Other editions: 3 vols., Paris, 1678; by Benedictines and Pierre Carpentier, 10 vols., Paris, 1733-66; by Léopold Favre, 10 vols., Niort, 1883-87.

The best glossary of Low Latin; a rich mine of information concerning the middle ages, especially in France. Some of the additions made by Favre are of doubtful value. W. H. Maigne d'Arnis's Lexicon Manuale ad Scriptores Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (Paris, 1858, reprinted 1866) is a useful compendium of Du Cange's work, with some additions. See No. 211; also Charles Schmidt's Petit Supplément au Dictionnaire de Du Cange, Strasburg, 1906, pp. 72.

214. SPELMAN, HENRY. Glossarium archaiologicum. 3rd edition. London, 1687.-Only a part of the 1st edition, 1626, was published; 2nd edition, 1664.

215. WRIGHT, THOMAS. A volume of vocabularies. 2 vols. London, 1857-73.-2nd edition, by R. P. Wülker: Anglo-Saxon and old English vocabularies [Latin-English]. 2 vols. London, 1884.

For a useful general treatise on Celtic philology, with bibliographical material, see Georges Dottin, Manuel pour Servir à l'Etude de l'Antiquité Celtique, Paris, 1906.

General.

215a. HOLDER, ALFRED. Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz. 2 vols. and 2 pts. Leipsic, 1896 [1891]-1908.-Supplement (A-Cor), 1908-13.

Issued in parts. A dictionary of the earliest Celtic, including continental languages and British.

215b. PEDERSEN, HOLGER. Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen. 2 vols. Göttingen, 1909 [1908]-13.

215c. *ZEUSS, J. C. Grammatica Celtica e monumentis vetustis tam Hibernicæ linguæ quam Britannica dialecti Cambricæ Cornica Armoricæ nec non e Gallicæ priscæ reliquiis.