1527. HOLDERNESS, THOMAS. The battle of Brunanburh: an attempt to identify the site. Driffield, etc., 1888. pp. 55. For another theory, see George Neilson, Brunanburh and Burnswork, in Scottish Historical Review, 1909, vii. 37-55; with note by James Wilson, ibid., 212-14. 1528. KEARY, C. F. The vikings in western Christendom; 789-888. London, 1891. Ch. xii. deals with England. 1528a. LARSON, L. M. Canute the Great, 995-1035. New York, etc., 1912. The most recent account of the Danish occupation of England. 1529. LIEBERMANN, FELIX. Zur Geschichte Byrhtnoths, des Helden von Maldon. Archiv für das Studium der Neueren Sprachen, etc., ci. 15-28. Brunswick, 1898. 1530. MACKINLAY, J. B. St. Edmund, king and martyr: a history of his life and times. London, etc., 1893. 1531. MUNCH, P. A. Det norske Folks Historie. 6 pts. in 8 vols. Christiania, 1852-63. Vols. i.-iii. contain much information concerning the Danes in England and Ireland. 1532. PAULI, REINHOLD. König Ælfred und seine Stellung in der Geschichte Englands. Berlin, 1851.-Translated by Thomas Wright: Life of king Alfred. London, 1852.-Translated by Benjamin Thorpe : Life of Alfred the Great. London, 1853. 1532a. *PLUMMER, CHARLES. The life and times of Alfred the Great. Oxford, 1902. The best work on the subject. G. F. Bosworth, Alfred the Great, London, etc., 1901. Popular. Alfred Bowker, The king Alfred millenary: a record of the proceedings of the national commemoration [at Winchester, Sept. 18-20, 1901], London, 1902. Edward Conybeare, Alfred in the chroniclers, London, 1900 (ex Other recent works on Alfred :— tracts from chroniclers, 81-227); W. H. Draper, Alfred the Great, F. B. Jeffery, A perfect prince: the story of England a thousand years ago, London, 1901. Popular. Dugald Macfadyen, Alfred the West Saxon king, London, etc., 1901. Detailed, but shows no research. E. D. Mead, The king Alfred millennial, American Antiq. Soc., Proceedings, xv. 70-97, Worcester, 1902. F. York Powell, The Alfred millenary of 1901, North American Review, clxxiii. 518-32, New W. H. Simcox, Alfred's year of 1533. SMITH, GOLDWIN. Lectures and essays. Toronto, 1881. Alfredus rex fundator, 267-85. 1534. SPELMAN, JOHN. Elfredi Magni vita. Oxford, 1678. -English version: Life of Ælfred the Great. Oxford, 1709. The English version is Spelman's work. The Latin translation was made by Christopher Wase. 1535. *STEENSTRUP, J. C. H. R. Normannerne. 4 vols. Copenhagen, 1876-82.-Vol. i. translated by E. de Beaurepaire : Etudes pour servir à l'histoire des Normands. Caen, 1880. Vol. i. Introduction to Norman times. Vol. ii. Expeditions of vikings in the 9th century. Vol. iii. Their kingdoms in the British isles in the roth and 11th centuries. Vol. iv. Danelag': Danish institutions in England and their influence; a study in comparative legal history. Steenstrup finds the legal and political systems of old England 'permeated with Norse terms and institutions'; but Brunner thinks that he overestimates somewhat the influence of the northern law. 1536. STREATFEILD, G. S. Lincolnshire and the Danes. London, 1884. 1536a. TAYLOR, C. S. The Danes in Gloucestershire. Bristol and Glouc. Archæol. Soc., Trans., xvii. 68-95. Bristol, [1892]. 1537. Whole works of king Alfred the Great, with preliminary essays illustrative of the history, arts, and manners of the ninth century. 3 vols. in 2. Oxford, etc., 1852-53; reprinted, London, 1858.-Preliminary essays, reprinted by J. A. Giles: Memorials of king Alfred. London, 1863. Contains the following and several other brief essays :— The age of Alfred, by T. Forester, i. 255-325. The Danes, by C. Hook, i. 337-78. 1538. WINTERS, WILLIAM. of Harold, the last of the Saxon v. 173-215. London, 1877. Traces of Danes in England, by T. Forester, i. 493–542. Passages in the life and reign kings. Royal Hist. Soc., Trans., 1539. WORSAAE, J. J. A. Minder om de Danske og Nordmændene i England, Skotland og Irland. Copenhagen, 1851.— Translation: An account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, and Ireland. London, 1852. Deals in detail with the influence of the Danes upon English institutions. The work is valuable, though it exaggerates the results of the Danish invasions. 1540. Den danske Erobring af England og Norman diet. Copenhagen, 1863. § 43. THE MÆGTH, LAND-LAWS, AND Young's essay on family law (No. 1491) contains the best general account of the mægth, and is supplemented by the works of Von Amira and Roeder (Nos. 1541, 1553). Pollock and Maitland (No. 657), bk. ii. ch. vi. § 1, contend that there was no system of mutually exclusive clans, and no permanent organisation of the blood-feud group. Owing to the meagreness of the sources, much obscurity still overhangs such questions as the limits of a mægth and the rules of inheritance. Most writers believe that in the inheritance of lands preference was shown to the sons; but Opet (No. 1552) contends that the daughters inherited lands on equal terms with the sons. There is a valuable account of the kindred in Wales in Seebohm's Tribal System (No. 1116). On the Anglo-Saxon land-laws, see also §§ 22, 40, especially Nos. 1491, 1493. Vinogradoff's view regarding the nature of folkland (No. 1555) has been accepted by the best authorities. Brunner (No. 1412) deals in detail with bookland, and Earle (No. 1416) with lænland. Maitland's Domesday Book (No. 1493) throws much light on the land-laws, and contains the best account of early feudalism. On this latter subject Round's essay on knights' service (No. 2827) and Zinkeisen's work (No. 1584) should also be consulted. The most scholarly discussion of the hide is furnished by Maitland (No. 1493); see also Nos. 1544, 1554. On the classes of society, see also § 22. The works of Heywood and Maurer (Nos. 1548, 1551) are still useful. Allen (No. 719) advances some plausible arguments in favour of the view that throughout the Anglo-Saxon period the eorl was an officer of state, and was never in England a noble by birth. Earle (No. 1416) presents some novel ideas regarding gesiths; and Jastrow (No. 1549) gives a scholarly account of the condition of the slaves. On the status of the freemen and the dependent classes, see the authors mentioned in § 44a. 1541. AMIRA, KARL VON. Erbenfolge und Verwandtschaftsgliederung nach den alt-niederdeutschen Rechten. Munich, 1874. Das angelsächsische Recht, 72–111. Zeit 1542. BRUNNER, HEINRICH. Sippe und Wergeld. schrift für Rechtsgeschichte, xvi., Germ. Abth., 1-101. Weimar, 1882. Das angelsächsische Recht, 14-18. See also No. 1412. 1543. BUCKSTAFF, F. G. Married women's property in Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman law. American Academy of Political and Social Science, Annals, iv. 33-64. Philadelphia, 1893. 1544. CORBETT, W. J. The tribal hidage. Royal Hist. Soc., Trans., new series, xiv. 187-230. London, etc., 1900. A list of thirty-four place-names, to each of which is assigned a number of hides ranging from 300 to 100,000. Corbett argues that the plan originated early in the seventh century during the reign of Edwin of Northumbria, and that it represents a scheme for the taxation of England by this monarch acting as Bretwalda. See also George Rickword, The Kingdom of the East Saxons and the Tribal Hidage, Essex Archaeol. Soc., Trans., 1910-11, xi. 246-65, xii. 38-50. Rickword attempts to show that the heavy hidation of Essex has been systematically reduced in Domesday. Cf. J. Brownbill, The Tribal Hidage, in English Historical Review, 1912, xxvii. 625-48; and J. H. Round, ibid., 1914, xxix. 477-9. 1545. FRIEDBERG, EMIL. Das Recht der Eheschliessung. Leipsic, 1865. England, 33-57. 1546. GANS, EDUARD. Das Erbrecht in weltgeschichtlicher Entwickelung. 4 vols. Berlin, etc., 1824-35. England to the end of the 15th century, iv. 250-457. 1547. HERMANN, EMIL. Sachsen und Angelsachsen. Die Ständegliederung bei den Breslau, 1884. He tries to prove that the ' laeti ' formed the basis of the wergeld system, but his arguments are not convincing. In the appendix he deals also with folkland and bookland. 1548. HEYWOOD, SAMUEL. A dissertation upon the distinctions in society and ranks of the people under the AngloSaxon governments. London, 1818. A detailed account, which is still useful. 1549. JASTROW, IGNAZ. Zur strafrechtlichen Stellung der Sklaven bei Deutschen und Angelsachsen. Berlin, 1878. pp. 84. Die Angelsachsen, 38-83. 1550. LITTLE, A. G. Gesiths and thegns. English Hist. Review, iv. 723-9. London, 1889. Deals especially with their relation to the five-hide unit. See also P. Guilhiermoz, Essai sur l'Origine de la Noblesse en France (No. 728), 86-96, and index, 1551. MAURER, KONRAD. Adels der deutschen Stämme. Die Angelsachsen, 123-95. Ueber das Wesen des ältesten 1552. OPET, OTTо. Erbrechtliche Stellung der Weiber in der Zeit der Volksrechte. Breslau, 1888. pp. 86. Das angelsächsische Recht, 75-82. Contends that no preference was shown to the sons in the inheritance of property. 1552a. RHAMM, KARL. Ethnographische Beiträge. I.: Die Grosshufen der Nordgermanen. II. Urzeitliche Bauernhöfe in germanisch-slawischem Waldgebiet, 2 pts. 3 vols. Brunswick, 1905-10. Pt. i., pp. 171-305, 669-834, deals in detail with the Anglo-Saxon hide, hundred, and classes of society. |