for every job?" So I think a medium plan should be adopted. We should always have before us the possibility of discovering men of exceptional talent and ability who have not found a way out before, and we should not limit the training which we give to exceptional men, but neither should we succumb to the temptation of merely training a man in the quickest possible way for a job in a factory, or some specialized industry; but we should give every man a little technical training along with his industrial training. Our average course in Canada -the average course in length, is about six and a half months, but where it is necessary to make a man efficient, we will put in longer time upon him. The course is also largely an individual matter, dependent upon the capacities of the student, and what he has to assimilate and master.

There is ample machinery for placement; after the men have been reeducated, the proper authorities take them in hand and usually have them placed in wage-earning occupations within a few days after they are ready to take a job. The result has been that with the better wages the men receive by reason of having been made skilled workmen, they very often make much more than they did before the war when they were entirely whole, and with their pensions and earnings together are comfortably off in the way of income.

By the cessation of hostilities Canaaa had raised, equipped, and sent overseas a total of 418,052 troops. A total of 220,182 casualties, with 60,383 dead, was suffered by Canadian forces up to December 31, 1918, according to the official announcement made by the Canadian Government on January 2, 1919. Of this total, 9,989 were officers and 204,397 of other ranks. The list as issued is:

CHAPTER XI

AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, SOUTH AFRICA, AND INDIA

Australian Repatriation Commission - State and local boards -Registration and retraining-Returning soldiers to the land New Zealand Discharged Soldiers' Information Department Preferential employment and placement of returned soldiers - Vocational retraining not popular Facilities for agricultural, clerical and technical trainingReeducation in South Africa left to private initiativeThe Johannesburg Relief Association - Training at the South African Military Hospital, near London-Imperial Indian Relief Fund - Queen Mary's School at Bombay.

In the first years of the war, the work of "repatriation," as it is called, in Australia was entirely in the hands of private philanthropy and patriotism. An Australian Soldiers' Repatriation Fund of considerable proportions was raised, but it finally became evident that private efforts were not meeting the problem. They were diverse and divergent, without central cohesion or authority. The conviction grew that, as the country had called the men for overseas service, the Nation should direct their return to and establishment in civil life.

As a result, the Australian Soldiers Repatriation Act was passed by the Commonwealth Parliament in September, 1917, placing the whole work in the hands of a Repatriation Commission of seven members. The Minister of State for Repatriation is chairman, and two of the members are returned soldiers. The Commission's duty is to plan the general course of repatriation and supervise the work of putting it into

effect. The active work of carrying out the plan is done through state repatriation boards, which, under the Act, are established in the capital of each state. Each state board has seven members, all appointed by the Governor-General, and each board has as members two returned soldiers or sailors. Under the direction of the state boards are district or local boards.

The Repatriation Commission was authorized by the Act to take over all the properties and securities of the Australian Soldiers Repatriation Fund, but all sums needed for carrying on the work are appropriated by the Government. No voluntary contributions are sought for the central Fund, this being supported by the national treasury, but local committees are given rather a free hand in raising and disbursing funds, except that their activities are controlled and their books are audited by the state boards.

The first duty of the Repatriation Commission is to register the condition and requirements of all returned soldiers before their arrival in the country. The voyage out on the returning transports is utilized for this purpose. All registrations of soldiers that show a need for help are dealt with by the state boards assisted by local committees. The latter are expected to investigate employment opportunities and they use the system of placement agencies for the returned men.

Curative workshops are attached to the larger hospitals, and advanced technical training is given to those who are so disabled as to require it. For the totally disabled, homes are established for those who choose to become inmates, and a special allowance of

10s. a week is granted those who prefer to be cared for by relatives or friends. Artificial limbs are provided by the Government military authorities.

The matter of establishing men upon the land has received a great deal of attention. Probably in none of the countries engaged in the war has there been a higher percentage of men who desire to get on the land. A questionnaire submitted to the Australian soldiers brought replies from 40,000 who wished to become land holders and cultivators. At a conference held in February, 1917, between representatives of the Commonwealth and the state Governments on the subject of land settlement as a repatriation measure, a plan was worked out whereby it could be accomplished. As the states possess the crown lands, have land departments and control land legislation, they undertook to provide the land and place the soldier settlers on it. The Commonwealth Government was to have as its part the lending to each settler of a sum of money sufficient to enable him to make improvements and buy seeds, plants, stock, and the like.

The usual limit of advance is 5001. sterling but in some cases 750l. sterling is allowed. The land is usually given free for the first five years; after that period small payments are required. The money for equipment is loaned at seven per cent., of which five per cent. covers the interest charge and two per cent. goes toward amortization of the capital amount. has been agreed also between the Commonwealth Government and the states that training farms should be established in order to equip the soldier settlers in some measure for their new tasks, the cost of such

It