Peaches--Best Varieties for Market. After the revision of the catalogue of peaches and the adaptation of the several varieties to the different sections of the State, some discussion was had in regard to the best 10 or 12 varieties ripening in succession, for market purposes; and the Secretary of the society having had some correspondence with peach growers in other parts of the country on this subject, he read extracts from several letters, in substance as follows: Mr. ISAAC PULLEN, a noted peach grower and nurseryman of New-Jersey, says: "I place Hale's Early as the best and earliest peach, and I know of none better than Troth's Early to follow it; then Large Early York (of which I consider Haines' Early, Honest John and Walter's Early, synonyms.) After these come the Crawford's Early and our Yellow Rareripe, ripening close together. Oldmixon Free is the best orchard variety, ripening between Crawford's Early and Crawford's Late; (Bergen's Yellow is too shy a bearer,) then follows Smock and Beer's Smock, which we think is an improvement, and last of all Heath Cling. But there are several excellent market varieties ripening with some of the foregoing, and desirable in many places to make up a greater assortment, or to suit the taste of all customers. I will therefore name some of these in their regular position, as to time of ripening, along with those already mentioned. Those grouped together may be regarded as ripening at one time: 1. Hale's Early, 2. Troth's Early 3. Large Early York, 4. Crawford's Early, 5. Yellow Red Rareripe, 18. Reeves' Favorite, 9. Stump the World, MESSRS. EDITORS-As I have a very good recipe for making Indian bread, and never seeing any that could come up to it in the Co. GENT., thought I'd send mine, as it might be acceptable to some of your lady readers. One pint of buttermilk-one do. of Indian meal-one "I think so highly of Hale's Early that I have bud- ful saleratus. Add a little ginger if you wish. Mix well do. of coarse flour-one cup of molasses—one teaspoonded forty thousand of this variety the present season. The Cooledge's Favorite is not a good orchard variety together these ingredients-put into a two-quart basin with us. The Early Alberge with us is a small yellow then set it in a steamer and steam three hours. See peach, ripening nearly with Troth's. The Yellow Red that the water does not stop boiling, and avoid lifting Rareripe is a large, yellow fleshed peach, red outside, the cover to "peep in.” When through steaming, set ripening with Crawford's Early-this, I suspect, will it in the oven for ten or fifteen minutes, so as to form & prove identical with Barnard's Yellow of many cata-sort of a crust. Try this, and I know you'll pronounce logues. The Early York (serrate) and Early Tillotson are it good. ELIZA. Fackville, N. Y., Feb. 24, 1864. not worth cultivating in an orchard. Stump the World has produced well with me for the past two years, and bears carriage well." Mr. BATEHAM remarked that in many parts of the country the name Honest John was applied to the early yellow peach-the Yellow Alberge of Mr. Pullen-as in the following extracts: GOOD VINEGAR. As I have seen from time to time inquiries for making good vinegar, I will give you the way I made a half barrel some two years ago, which we have been using out of ever since, and is now better than ever, and proFrom a peach grower at South Pass, I.: "We have nounced by all who have tasted it the best for strength had no fruit grown here of Hale's Early as yet, but and flavor they ever tasted-in fact we never dare use it specimens sent here from Michigan greatly please us. full strength. In the spring I had left several gallons of I do not know that Yellow Rareripe has fruited here, but one orchardist has an early yellow peach that he a barrel of cider that got too sharp for drinking, to brought here from a Lockport nursery, under the which was added nearly as much soft water, a lot of rename of Honest John, which is esteemed a very profit-fuse molasses, the remains of a keg of beer left from the able variety. I know of but one good market peach fulls dried apples, a piece of brown paper dipped in moprevious harvest, probably another gallon-two hand grown here ripening between Crawford's Early and lasses, to form the mother-then added a cake of dry Crawford's Late, that is Oldmixon Free. The best yeast, and let it go to work, with a piece of musquitoyellow fleshed peach for this purpose is supposed to be bar over the bung. Then when fruit-canning time came, Jacques Rareripe; Bergen's Yellow or Orange, has not we had several kinds (raspberries and strawberries) fruited here to my knowledge." which, from imperfect scaling, fermented; these went into my keg-then all the apple and peach-parings were saved, put down in a stone jar and covered with soft water, and allowed to thoroughly ferment, these strained and the liquor added to my keg, with a little molasses from time to time, and by the end of summer we had excellent vinegar; and we have been using, as I said, nearly two years from that same keg, saving apple-parsometimes adding water and molasses if it gets down ings and fermented can fruits to keep up the supply, or much. There is a fine mother formed in the keg, which acts the same as the celebrated vinegar plant, converting everything put in to vinegar. A. A. CRAMPTON, "Sunnyhill Farm," Henry Co., Ill., Feb, 19. From Dr. L. COLLINS, St. Joseph, Mich.: "Our next peach, after Hale's Early, is Wheeler's Early, a rather poor peach, but early, and sells well-then Troth's Early; next Cooledge's Favorite and Honest John (yellow fleshed) a great bearer and fine market peach. Then Large Early York and Crawford's Early, follow. ed by Bergen's Yellow, a remarkably fine yellow peach, selling for the highest price, but not a very profitable peach to raise, as it is a shy bearer. Oldmixon Free is a good peach of the same season; Ward's Late Free a little later and a variety known here as Keyport SCAB IN SHEEP. E. M. I. proposes several questions relative to the scab. Having had a good deal of experience with it, more particularly in England, will endeavor to answer some of his questions: BEST TIME FOR GRAFTING. Early grafting, if properly done, is much more effective than late operations. Grafts set late may take with great certainty, but they never make much growth during the first season. Time seems to be required, after the graft is set, for the broken and bruised cells on the walls of the wound to heal and unite so as to allow free passage for the circulation of sap. Some pear grafts which I set in February of last season made a growth quite equal to the natural shoots on 3. Have not tried the solution, and should not place the other parts of the tree, and there was no trouble much faith in it. 1. Not having tried tobacco alone, cannot answer positively, but should say it would not prove effectual. 2. If the sheep are very bad and rubbing off the wool, would shear at once, taking care to keep them well housed for a week or two. 4. Should not risk sheep in same pen for 8 or 10 months (have heard it said in England that sheep are liable to take it 18 months after being put in same field scabbed sheep have run in)—without either painting the posts, rails, &c., with gas tar, or washing with solution of chloride of lime. 5. No, not within a reasonable period of being dipped. 6. Sheep should be kept on good generous food, for they rapidly shrink under such continued annoyance. 7. No, if it has once taken the disease; but they will not so readily take it as the long wools-particularly the strong and healthy ones. with sprouts or suckers, which in late grafting issue numerously and successively, owing, no doubt, to the difficulty above adverted to. For cherry, plum and the grapevine, early grafting is a sine qua non. There is a risk in grafting early, arising from the long exposure of the scion to the effects of drying wind in March and April, which so parch and contract it as to close it against the flow of sap. This can be prevented by using short scions, and by coating the entire scion, or at least the lower buds, with a film of wax or varnish. Grape grafts or others near the ground can be covered with a little hay, straw or paper, to retain moderate moisture, and prevent ill effect from the con8. 'Tis rather tedious-a man accustomed to it would tracting effects of frost and expansion by warmth which dress about 50 a day. It is an effectual remedy, but might either cause cracks in the coating of wax or disshould be cautiously used. Sheep should be kept on place the scions. Particular care must be taken that same food some time before and after using it. Care every part of the wound-even the slightest mark—is must be taken they don't get wet. Ewes, for some covered by wax to prevent evaporation. Whip grafttime before or after lambing, should not be dressed.ing is the easiest and neatest method. For early work, Rams should never be dressed. "Tis dangerous to a temperature of 45 deg., with little or no wind, allows dress sheep feeding on rape. 9-10. It is or in any other country unless it be the sheep pox. the operation to be performed with ease. Nothing but a small knife, and a roll of waxed strips wound on a bit of wood a little larger than a lead pencil, is reI will now tell E. M. I. what I use and have found quired, and this roll can be carried in a pocket for warmth or suspended from a button. Only a single successful: Two lbs. tobacco-boil in 12 gallons water spiral wrapping should be given, and it will then un-lb. hellebore root (white)-6 ounces sulphur vivi-wrap itself without attention as growth progresses, and um-1 lb. whale oil soap, and 4 ounces arsenic-put without checking or choking it. Tyrone, Pa. in a bag and boil well together. When cool, dress the parts affected and along the back, with a bottle and quill. R. GIBSON. W. G. WARING. WHAT KILLED MY QUEEN BEE? Last season I had a queenless stock of bees which I supplied several times with a queen, which they killed. tried again by putting a queen in a paper box with a hole large enough for air, but not large enough for a bee to pass out or in. I placed the box containing the queen among the bees; about an hour after I found the queen I dead in the box. DENT CORN IN MICHIGAN. LUTHER TUCKER & SON-I have noticed in your COUNTRY GENTLEMAN lately, repeated inquiries for Dent corn, of variety best adapted to northern latitudes. I raise it in perfection here, and have no doubt but it may be introduced on sandy and gravelly lands in New-York and New-England, but do not believe it will there ever generally supercede Dutton, King Philip, Tillotson, Yellow Eight-rowed. Still here it will in this region out-yield all other varieties, and there on right lands. For three or four years past my corn has yielded-1860, on 17 acres, over 75 bushels P. S.-I did not succeed in supplying the stock with a per acre shelled corn, planted 4 feet by 5-1861, on 20 acres, over 90 bushels per acre, planted 5 feet by 6-queen, until I put another small swarm containing a 1862, on same land, planted 6 feet each way, 75 bush-queen, with them. As I handled the bee as a queen should be handled, it was very unexpected to me to find her dead; but as I have no experience in introducing queen bees into a queenless stock, I presume the fault was in my management, but how I cannot tell, or what could kill a bee in such a box I cannot tell. Will some one tell who can? Columbia X Roads, Feb. 29. P. PECKHAM. els-1863, on 10 acres, injured by hailstorm and very English Beans.—I am surprised to find the English little by the early frost, estimated 75 bushels per acre. Three stalks, and no more, should be allowed to the hill, and should be planted on rich land here, 4 by or 5 by 5 feet. 6 I have written this for the information of inquirers, but will add that the early frosts and severe cold of Jan. 1st has destroyed the vitality of last crop, and parties must be careful to get seed that is perfect. Centreville, Mich., Feb., 1864. PERRIN M. SMITH. bean, Vicia faba, but little cultivated either in Canada or the United States. The large bean or Windsor, does not do well, but the medium or Magazans do well, but must be sown early. They will bear a slight frost. If not planted early the heat prevents the beans setting, which is also the case in England. The kind I now grow always did well except once, when injured by a late frost when in bloom. A. F. Delaware, C. W. 66 Great Carolina Wren--Thryothorus ludovicianus. BONAP. The Great Carolina Wren must not be confounded with the House Wren (Troglodytes aedon, VIEILLOT) as it is entirely different. This will readily be seen by comparing the illustration of the Great Carolina Wren at the head of this article, with that of the House Wren which appeared in the first number of the Co. GENT. for this year. tell whether it is the Great Carolina Wren or the Red Bird is this: The Red Bird utters his notes in rapid succession without any perceptible pause, while the Great Carolina Wren utters them in twos and threes. 'Golden-winged Woodpecker," "Flicker," "Highhole," "Hillock," "Yucker," and "Pint," are some of the provincial names which this well known bird receives in different parts of the United States. The first two are the ones by which it is most commonly known in Pennsylvania, and these two are the only ones which have come under the author's observation -the remaining four being given upon the authority The bird whose natural history we now propose to of WILSON. As far as I can ascertain, the following discuss is a great mimic. He often imitates the notes are the reasons (if such they may be called) for their of the Red Bird or Cardinal Grosbeak (Cardinalis rir. receiving those names: It receives the name "Golden-ginianus, BONAP.) The way in which any person may winged Woodpecker" from the bright yellow or golden color of the underneath parts of the wings and tail; "Flicker" from its peculiar flight-which is not in a direct line, as is the case of most birds, but undulating, or gradually rising and falling. It is called "Highhole," from the elevated position at which it sometimes builds its nests. WILSON assigns the other names to a "fancied resemblance of its notes to the sound of the words; for one of its most common cries consists of two notes or syllables, frequently repeated, which by the help of the hearer's imagination may easily be made to resemble any or all of them." With the reader's permission, we will style him the "Yellow-Shafted Flicker," or should we be of a scientific This song has been thought to resemble the words turn of mind, Colaptes auratus, SWAINSON-the latter being the name adopted by several eminent ornitholo gists. The bird under consideration is exceedingly active, and its motions bear a very great resemblance to those of a common mouse. It has the habit of hopping up the sides of trees very much in the manner of a Nuthatch, and when it arrives at the summit perching upon some small twig and pouring forth its melodywhich if it does not equal that of the Canary in point of fineness certainly excels it in quantity. "Sweet William, Sweet William," quickly uttered. It has also another note which is somewhat like "chirr rup-often dwelling upon the first syllable so long and loud that it might be mistaken for the Red Bird's note. The Yellow-Shafted Flicker is well known to far. mers and young sportsmen, and both take every chance to kill him; the former for the price he will bring in Audubon mentions several interesting circumstances market when in good condition, and the latter because in regard to this bird. He says that he often heard he is easily shot and presents an attractive mark for these Wrens singing from the deck of an old boat their gun. Numbers of them resort to the Sour Gum-fastened to the shore, at a short distance from the city berry trees, after they have raised their young, in com pany with the Robin, where they are destroyed by of New Orleans. When its song was finished they the dozens. They are also particularly fond of the would amuse themselves by creeping and hopping from berries of the Wild Cherry. Early in April they arrive in Pennsylvania, and soon begin to prepare their nest. This takes them some time, and the eggs are rarely all laid before the 1st of May. A great deal, however, depends on the weather, and some seasons it is earlier than this, others much later. The nest is constructed in the hollow trunk of a tree, sometimes at the height of forty or fifty feet, while at others it is barely six or seven feet from the ground. They are not very particular in regard to the site of the nest, but wherever a good limb occurs, if it be in a suitable place, there they will build. one crevice to another-suddenly appearing and dis appearing through the different holes in the boat in the most unexpected manner possible. He also adds that they were frequently seen hopping on drifting boards, &c., and picking up many insects to be found in such places. The Great Carolina Wren is rather a rare bird in Pennsylvania, and although some few doubtless do breed there, it is rather the exception than otherwise. J. P. NORRIS. Foreign Notices. De Sora's Great Poultry Establishment.—All our readers have seen accounts of the mammoth poultry establishment for the production of Eggs and the fattening of Fowls, said to be carried on near Paris by a M. DE SORA. Newspaper paragraphs without end have detailed his wonderful success, and the thing has gone so far that no one is able to write an article about Poultry at all, without re-hashing some of these stories anew. But strange to say, we have never had them well authenticated in any way. A friend of ours who was at Paris two winters ago, informs us that he made every effort to find this establishment, but could meet with no one in Paris who even knew of its existence! Another friend who is to return to France the present month, kindly promises to investigate the subject for us, and the readers of the COUNTRY GENTLEMAN Will eventually have an opportunity of knowing how much we are to believe of what has been in print. disposed of a fortnight back in the Edinburgh market. Where this remnant stock is gone to disseminate disease we are left to conjecture. On four other farms we have been engaged in carrying out preventive measures, and in every instance the disease has been checked in its course." This is from the Veterinary editor of that paper, and the writer believes that traffic in diseased animals must be prevented in order to check the course of the plague, and this as we understand is to be one main object of the proposed legislation on the subject. Characteristics of Scotch Stock.-A writer in the North British Agriculturist mentions it as a noteworthy feature in "all Scotch domesticated animals of the present day, comprising Clydesdale horses, ShortHorns, Kyloe, Galloway, and Ayrshire cattle, and Blackfaced and Cheviot sheep-particularly when the specimens are first-class," that they "are thick in substance, mellow in touch, and stand on short legs.” The Claims of the Herefords.-Mr. Duckham, editor of the Hereford Herd Book, was one of the Ciren Meantime we find that a writer in the Mark Lane Ex-cester lecturers-taking as his subject the History, Propress of Feb. 1st, again enlarges on de Sora's marvellous gress, and Comparative Merits of the Hereford Breed of achievements. We do not know whether it is the old Cattle. In conclusion, he sums up as follows: "I consider I have shown sufficient in confirmation story in a new form or not, as when it speaks of "the of the opinions I advanced at the commencement of this past season," "the last twelve months," &c., no dates paper, viz., that the Herefords, although an acknowlare given. It tells us, very much in the old style, of his edged aboriginal race of cattle indigenous to the soil of cutting up into hicken feed no less than 22 dead horses the county from whence they take their name, readily a day, the year round, from the streets of Paris-of win- become acclimatized, and retain their general character, not only throughout the United Kingdom, but whereytering 100,000 hens, of occupying twenty acres with the er they have been fairly tried in distant parts of the sheds, offices, &c., of sending 1,000 dozen capons to world; also, that they continue fully to retain their remarket in the three autumn months of September, Octo-putation, which has for ages past been accorded to ber, and November, of selling 40,000 dozen eggs a week them, for aptitude to fatten; that the quality of their meat is unsurpassed, if equaled; that it is duly appreciduring winter, and so on;-but we will not go more ated wherever they have been tried; that, by proper into detail here, at present, as we hope to have the mat-management, their milking qualities are good; that for ter ere long fully probed, so that we may know whether all this is really correct, or only a figment of some Frenchman's lively imagination. Scotch Turnip Crops.-Thirteen crops each of Swedish and Yellow Turnips are reported as having been carefully inspected by a competent person chosen by the "Donside Turnip Club," for competition. The weight of roots after being "topped and tailed," was heaviest in one yellow turnip field, viz., 32 tons 2 ewt. 3 quarThe heaviest crop of ters and 12 lbs. per imperial acre. Swedes was at the rate of 30 tons 3 cwt. 2 qrs. and 8 lbs. per acre. Pleuro-Pneumonia in Cattle.-The immense losses resulting from this disease in Great Britain are constantly attracting more attention. It is felt that measures must be taken to stop or limit its ravages if possible; and Sir George Grey has stated, from his seat in the House of Commons, that two bills are to be introduced into Parliament by the Under-Secretary for the Home Department, having reference to the prevention of disease, to the sale of diseased meat, and the importation of diseased cattle. The Scotish Farmer states that in Scotland, pleuro-pneumonia is becoming alarmingly prevalent. "At the rate of about a score of cattle, affected with the lung disease, have been killed every week in the Edinburgh slaughter-houses, and many more have had their throats cut in the private slaughter-houses beyond the city boundaries. Both in Perth and Dundee the disease has been raging, and Glasgow has formed no exception. * *Not only has the number of outbreaks which have come to our knowledge exceed ed the number of last year, but their severity has been remarkable. On one farm eleven animals have died within three weeks. On a second dairy farm the half of a large stock has been already swept off. We are not in possession of the exact number, but about a dozen are dead, and several others sick. On a third farm five animals died within a week, and the remnant stock was early maturity and hardiness of constitution they are equal if not superior to any known breed; that they are a most valuable race of animals for their working powers when required; and whenever they have been fairly tried, the quantity of meat they make, in proportion to the food consumed, is such that they can justly claim to rank amongst the most valuable classes of animals known for the production of animal food, and therefore the most profitable breed of cattle for the grazier.” PRODUCTS FROM TWO COWS. Our friend B. J. Rolla of Cicero, has two cows-one native, and the other part Durham-which, with ordinary fare, have produced the past season seven hundred and fifty pounds of butter, besides furnishing milk and cream for a family averaging four persons. The butter was weighed when ready to pack, and a strict account kept of each weighing-so this is no guess work. Such butter as his wife makes, would bring twenty-five cents per pound quick at the door, and then the account stands thus: By 750 lbs. butter at 25 cents,. Or $105 per cow. Who has done better? $187.50 11.00 10.00 1.50 $210.00 OBSERVATION. A Good Prize.—It is said that Mr. E. R. Spaulding, President of the Middlesex North Agricultural Society, Mass., has given $40 to be distributed in three sums as prizes to young farmers, not over thirty years of age, who shall in 1864 and 1865, keep an exact account of all the productions of their respective farms in each of said years, and also a true account of the cost of producing them, on a comparison of which accounts a committee shall award the premium of $20 to the one who tras produced the most, at the least expense; and other premiums of $12 and $8 consecutively to the next in order, on the same principle—the premiums to be awarded in the fall of 1865. THE CULTIVATOR. ALBANY, N. Y., APRIL, 1864. Can any farmer do better than to secure the opportunity for making such screens ? How to use Bones.-A subscriber in New-Jersey, Mr. JOHN R. PETTIT, of Sussex Co., communicates to the COUNTRY GENTLEMAN his method of dissolving bones and converting them into poultry, eggs and superphosphate. He says: "If agreeable, I will give you my method of dissolving bones and converting them into poultry, eggs and superphosphate of lime, viz.: I procure a large stone, having a foot or two of flat or nearly level surface A New Manufacture-Condensed Apple Juice. -Some weeks since we received from GAIL BORDEN, of Wassaic, Duchess Co., samples of his Condensed Milk and Coffee, similar to those heretofore noticed by us, as if it has an indentation on its surface of two or three made by him, together with a number of cans of a new product of his ingenuity and skill-Condensed Apple Juice. We have tried it, as directed in the accompany ing recipes, and find it a very welcome and excellent addition to the housewife's resources. The American Agriculturist supplies us with the following details as to its manufacture: inches deep, so much the better-for holding the bone in place while being broken. I place this stone in some open space, where the poultry most do congregate, and with a suitable hammer break the bones in pieces about the size of a hickory nut or less. Some of the pieces will fly off some distance, but the fowls will surely find every piece. After having had a taste of them, it is The apple juice, or sweet cider, before it has under-wonderful to see the quantity they will eat." gone any fermentation, is boiled down in vacuo, being reduced to one-seventh of its original bulk, without losing its flavor, or any good quality. It has no taste of Mining, Geology, &c.-Prof. J. P. KIMBALL, late boiled cider, but is a beautiful amber-colored jelly, pleas- of the N. Y. State Agricultural College at Ovid, and ant to eat in its simple state, particularly as a tart sauce, more recently Chief of Staff to Gen. Patrick, in the army with poultry, game, or other meats. It makes excellent of the Potomac, honorably withdrew from the service pies and tarts, and may, in fact, be applied to all those uses for which dried apples or boiled cider are employ-some time ago for the purpose of entering upon the praced, and is much superior. Besides this, by the addition tice of his profession in the city of New-York. He has of six times its bulk of water, (the quantity originally established an office at No. 19 Wall-Street, as a Geolowithdrawn,) we may have sweet cider again, which will gist and Mining Engineer, and those who may have ocundergo fermentation, as it would have done at first, casion for counsel in this and cognate branches of scienbut more slowly, and like other cider go through all the changes, until it ultimately becomes hard cider. This tific investigation, will find him fully qualified, both apple jelly is not affected by exposure to the air, wheth- from a thorough education in the best foreign instituer dry or moist, and neither sours, nor molds, nor dries, tions, and from extended experience in government and nor absorbs water. Such an article of course bears transportation in barrels or other vessels to any part of other surveys in this country. In Mining, attention given the world. This condensed apple juice sells at 30 cents to the mode of occurrence of minerals and their mineraloper pound this year. The cider making and condensing gical, metallurgical and technical relations; to the cominence as soon as apples ripen, and continue into tracing, surveying and plating of lodes and mineral dethe winter. Mr. Borden's establishment worked up more posits; to boring, the sinking of shafts, and the laying than 18,000 bushels of apples last autumn. Sweet ap- out of mines; to mining machinery and construction; ples yield a delicious fruity syrup, better for some purposes than the sour apple jelly. to the preparation of ores, etc. In Geology, attention given to surveys of lands with the view of determining their geological character or economic resources, to the examination of mineral lands as to their availability for mining purposes; to geognostical maps, especially in connection with topographical or linear surveys; to quarrying; to the examination of rocks for masonry, of limestones for cements and mortars, of clays for brick, tile and pottery, etc. Belts of Trees for Shelter.-Last spring large numbers of imported evergreens, more particularly of the Norway Spruce, which were encumbering the grounds of some nurserymen in larger quantities than they could dispose of, were cut down and burned as brush. There may be yet many more of the same sort, and we venture a suggestion to these nurserymen, as well as to the land owners in their neighborhoods, which may be of value to both. Horse Collars-Scotch and English versus the The importance of sheltering land from prevailing | Dutch.-A friend, now beyond threescore and ten, who winds is becoming well understood. Winter wheat and grass land are found to survive the winter better, and to come out in finer condition in spring, when protected from the sharp, cutting blasts which sweep without control over the surface of the land. Fruit-trees of various sorts, and especially the pear, are injured on the one hand, by cold wintry winds, and greatly benefitted on the other by proper shelter. Now we propose to owners of such over-stocked nurseries, and to the farmers of the neighborhood, to enter into an arrangement by which the one can dispose of their trees at a moderate price, instead of throwing them away, and the other obtain supplies of these trees at prices that will satisfy them. Suppose, for example, that a farmer can purchase a thousand trees for a hundred dollars. If set four feet apart, and properly cultivated for a while, they will form a dense screen against the winds in five years. If set eight feet apart, they will form an equally dense and taller screen in eight or nine years. The trees for these screens will cost in the first instance, forty cents a rod, and the thousand will plant 250 rods; in the latter the screen will be twenty cents per rod, and extend 500 rods. has all his life been a careful observer of the management of horses, has entered a most urgent and forcible protest at this office, against the Scotch hame or English collar for purposes of draft. He thinks that they are totally wrong in principle and application, and would go back to the old Dutch collar, consisting simply of a broad breast-strap, three or four inches in width—which, he says, fifty years ago was the only kind of collar in use by teamsters and farmers throughout this region. The stage-coach lines alone used hames, and then there was one common expression among good judges of horses, "never buy a horse which has been used as a stage horse six months." He argues that with the ordinary collar the point of draft is raised up from where it properly belongs to such a height, that the horse works to as great disadvantage as when a man attempts to lift a weight at arm's length instead of directly from the ground, and that consequently not only are the animal's neck and shoulders often made raw by the working of the collar as the muscles alternately affect its position on one side and the other, but also that permanent lameness is caused, and many a horse entirely |