Research projects relating to maternal and child health services and services for crippled children Applications approved under this program focus on projects which will yield findings readily translatable into programs which will help save the lives of babies and help reduce the incidence of mental retardation. Seven schools of public health, with project funds, are conducting research on a regional basis which will aid the State and local maternal and child health director in evaluating programs. Other projects include studies of reproductive wastage with a view toward designing programs to reduce such wastage. A study of the feasibility of a legged walker and a study of hearing aid evaluation procedures to develop criteria for effective evaluation of such aids are among the studies seeking answers to specific program research questions. The 1966 estimate of $4 million, an increase of $1 million over 1965, will provide for the continuation of a number of projects approved in 1964 and 1965, and for the initiation of new projects. There will be emphasis on such areas as evaluation of crippled children's programs, including programs for children with congenital heart problems, to assess current effectiveness and future needs; effective use of manpower for health services for mothers and children; and the health status of adolescents. Child welfare services State child welfare programs, supported in part by Federal funds, provide a wide range of preventive, protective, and ameliorative services to children and their parents. These include: casework services to neglected, abused, abandoned, or exploited children; services to unmarried mothers and their babies; day care services; homemaker services; foster care in family homes or institutions; and adoption services. States are giving increased attention to strengthening services for mentally retarded children through such services as placement and supervision of children for whom space is not available in institutions and provision of day care services for retarded children. The increase requested includes $3 million for child welfare services and $3 million for day care services. The increased number of severely abused or neglected children coming to the attention of the child welfare agencies mean that States must develop and expand their protective services. There is great need also for specialized treatment and service programs for the child with special needs such as the emotionally disturbed child and the mentally retarded child. States have moved rapidly and soundly to initiate and expand day care services to provide care and protection to children whose parents are not able to give them care and supervision during the entire day. Standard setting and licensing for family day care homes and day care centers are major State commitments. Forty-nine States have approved plans for day care services. Seventeen of these operate day care centers, 33 provide family day care, and 31 purchase care in existing day care centers. In addition, 49 of the 54 jurisdictions have provisions for licensing day care facilities. Where day care services are not available, many children must be left without supervision while their mothers work to support them, or mothers who could work and want to work are unable to provide for their families. The mothers who need these services for their children work from economic necessity. The 52 million children who live with their mother only are twice as likely to have an employed mother as children living with both parents. Nor are families without a male breadwinner the only ones where economic need dictates the employment of the mother. More than one out of four mothers with children under 6 works to help support her children in families where the husband earns less than $3,000 a year. For families such as these decent day care services providing care and supervision for the children while the mother is at work strengthen family life and give the child an opportunity to grow up to responsible citizenship. Research, training, or demonstration projects in child welfare The Bureau has been working intensively with universities and voluntary agencies to encourage research in problems of vital concern to child welfare workers and administrators of public and voluntary agencies. One example is the studies underway relating to child welfare and legal authority-particularly in relation to termination of parental rights, neglect, adoption, and other legal issues affecting the child and his family. It is estimated that in 1965 it will be possible to approve 32 new projects and fund 35 requests for continuation support for a total of $2,255,000. The estimate for 1966 provides for 35 new projects and 40 continuation requests. Emphasis now and in 1966 will be on utilization of manpower, organizational structure, cost analysis, and community organization-all subjects of major concern to child welfare administrators. Recognition of the caliber of research being carried on is evident in the granting of the National Association of Social Workers' biennial research award for meritorious research for a study financed by a child welfare research grant. This study has important implications for services for the neglected and abused child. The study has been reported at a national conference and several workshops have been held to consider utilization of the findings. The No. 1 need in child welfare is for trained personnel. Traineeships, teaching grants, and short-term training grants authorized by the child welfare training grants program are all helping to increase the supply of trained personnel. In 1964, 276 traineeships for the master's degree program were awarded. The number for 1965 is estimated at 511. Teaching grants will number about 115 in 1965. The $5 million requested for fiscal year 1966 will provide for about 673 traineeships for graduate work, and an estimated 156 teaching grants to schools of social work for additional classroom instructors and field work units where new approaches can be tested, and short-term training for auxiliary personnel such as homemakers, houseparents, and staff of day care centers can be developed. Senator GRUENING. I have a statement on the population problem adopted by the Delegate Assembly of the National Association of Social Workers on December 13, 1962, which was sent upon the request of the subcommittee by Rudolph T. Danstedt, ACSW director of the Washington office. I will place it in the hearing record at this point. (The statement referred to follows:) EXHIBIT 214 STATEMENT ON FAMILY PLANNING ADOPTED BY THE DELEGATE ASSEMBLY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS ON DECEMBER 13, 1962 The following statement was adopted by the Delegate Assembly of the National Association of Social Workers on December 13, 1962: "Whereas the social work profession is deeply involved with all matters concerned with social welfare; and "Whereas it is our belief that no problem, whether it be housing, education, food supply, recreation, communication, medical care * **can be effectively solved if tomorrow's population increases out of proportion to the resources available to meet these problems; and "Whereas the healthful effects of family planning and spacing of births has been recognized by leaders of the major religious groups as well as by leaders in medicine, welfare, and public affairs; and "Whereas social workers bear an increasing responsibility to make themselves knowledgeable regarding the problems of population growth and solutions, including sufficient knowledge about community resources so as to be able to lend support to families needing such help: Therefore be it "Resolved, That the National Association of Social Workers believes that "1. Social welfare organizations, both private and governmental should give increased attention to the impact of population change on health, welfare, and recreation. "2. Scientific research should be greatly expanded on (a) all aspects of human fertility and (b) the interplay of biological, psychological, and socioeconomic factors influencing population change. "3. Full freedom should be extended to all population groups for the selection and use of such methods for the regulation of family size as are consistent with the creed and mores of the individuals concerned." Senator GRUENING. I have for the record here a letter from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce on its position on this subject, which we will introduce into the record. (The letter referred to follows:) EXHIBIT 215 LETTER TO SENATOR ERNEST GRUENING FROM DON A. GOODALL, Legislative GenERAL MANAGER, U.S. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, SEPTEMBER 8, 1965 SEPTEMBER 8, 1965. Hon. ERNEST GRUENING, Chairman, Subcommittee on Foreign Aid Expenditures, Committee on Government Operations, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. DEAR SENATOR GRUENING: The Chamber of Commerce of the United States appreciates this opportunity to comment on S. 1676. The national chamber has no policy on the population issue and thus can take no position on this bill. But it is clear that the population question deserves serious consideration, and needs to be brought to the attention of the public. Problems of population growth in the underdeveloped nations particularly warrant study. These nations have experienced what has been termed a "revolution of rising expectations." It is important to determine, clearly and objec tively, whether these expectations are likely to be frustrated unless rates of population growth decline. In the United States, population growth is not an immediate threat to living standards. But there is growing evidence of the need for full information and understanding of the relationship between population growth and the quality of life in the United States, particularly in the cities and among the poorest groups, whose rates of population increase are especially high. Because of the importance of these issues, and in connection with studies we are undertaking on all aspects of world population growth, the national chamber has been following the hearings of this committee with keen interest. Cordially, (Signed) DON A. GOODALL, Legislative General Manager, Chamber of Commerce of the United States. Senator GRUENING. If there are no further witnesses, we will stand in recess until September 22 at this same hour. (Whereupon, at 12:20 p.m., the subcommittee recessed, to reconvene on September 22, 1965.) POPULATION CRISIS WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1965 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AID EXPENDITURES, The subcommittee met at 10:05 a.m., pursuant to recess, in room 3302, New Senate Office Building, Senator Ernest Gruening (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Present: Senator Gruening. Also present: Mary S. Glotfelty, clerk, Subcommittee on Foreign Aid Expenditures; and Laura Olson, special consultant on population problems. Senator GRUENING. The meeting will please come to order. The Subcommittee on Foreign Aid Expenditures is holding its 15th hearing on S. 1676 this morning and it is all too apparent that the work of the subcommittee has only begun. Many witnesses wish to be heard. The subcommittee has assured them that these hearings will continue so long as they are necessary to the population dialog. The work of the Congress goes on this session, and it may be that additional hearings will be held in 1965. In any event, the subcommittee anticipates hearing from many more informed witnesses when the Congress reconvenes in January. Meanwhile, today, the subcommittee is pleased to have the opportunity today to hear from four witnesses who have made such outstanding contributions in the population field. Other official business has made it impossible for Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia to appear today, as announced. Just before I came here Senator Byrd called me to request that he be scheduled to testify in January. The subcommittee has done this. A photograph was taken this morning of the four persons who will testify before the subcommittee today. At this time I direct that it be made a part of the record. 1809 Witnesses who testified on S. 1676 before the Subcommittee on Foreign Aid Expenditures, September 22, 1965: Dr. Jack Lippes, Dr. Irene Taeuber, Dr. Oscar Harkavy, and Dr. Bernard Berelson. (Left to right: Dr. Lippes, Dr. Taeuber, Dr. Harkavy, Dr. Berelson, and Senator Ernest Gruening, chairman.) BIOGRAPHIC STATEMENT: OSCAR HARKAVY I wish to call as the first witness this morning, Dr. Osear Harkavy, director of the population program of the Ford Foundation. Dr. Harkavy joined the Ford Foundation in September 1953 as assistant to the director of the program in economic development and administration. After serving as program associate, and then associate director of the program in economic development and administration, he was appointed director of the population program when it was formed in June 1963. Prior to joining the foundation, Mr. Harkavy was an associate professor of business administration at Syracuse University where he taught statistics, finance, and insurance. Dr. Harkavy was graduated from Columbia University in 1944. He studied mathematics and electronics at Amherst, Harvard, and MIT, and received a master's degree in business administration from Syracuse University in 1948. He was awarded a doctor's degree in economics by Syracuse in 1952. He was in the U.S. Army Air Force from 1943 to 1946, serving as an electronics officer with the rank of first lieutenant. |