2. Provision of the most modern and effective fish protective facilities, such as fish ladders, bypasses, and collective devices at Ice Harbor Dam, in order to protect existing fish runs to the greatest practicable extent. 3. Prosecution of the lower Columbia River fisheries program, as formulated and agreed upon by all interested Federal and State agencies, in order to offset losses to fish runs which may result from construction of main-stem dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers. The lower Columbia River fisheries program is now under way. Although the program has fallen somewhat behind schedule because of inadequate appropriations, I understand that the Department has urged and will continue to urge that steps be taken to bring it up to schedule. Current plans of the Corps of Engineers for construction of Ice Harbor Dam include the installation of fish ladders and other protective devices at the dam. Therefore, the construction of Ice Harbor Dam at this time is in accord with the program developed by the Government with the support and participation of the Fish and Wildlife Service. This program recognizes the need for the development of the Columbia and Snake Rivers for multiple purposes, including navigation, flood control, and power at the same time that all reasonable measures are taken to protect and conserve the economic values involved in the salmon industry on the river. On the basis, therefore, that all appropriate measures are being taken or will be taken for protection of existing fish runs and for offsetting unavoidable losses incident to dam construction, the Department supports immediate construction of Ice Harbor Dam and recommends that the pending appropriation request be approved. Sincerely yours, OSCAR L. CHAPMAN, Secretary of the Interior. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, MEMORANDUM FOR MR. JOHN H. KERR, CHAIRMAN, SUBCOMMITTEE ON ARMY CIVIL Supplementing my testimony of July 17 with regard to funds for fiscal year 1951 to initiate the Ice Harbor and Albeni Falls Dams, I should like to submit herewith a copy of a letter dated July 20 from Mr. Paul J. Raver, Administrator of the Bonneville Power Administration pertaining to the critical need for additional power geneerating facilities in the Pacific Northwest. If you wish, I should be pleased to have this letter inserted in the record with my other testimony. W. E. POTTER, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION, Washington, D. C. July 20, 1950. Maj. Gen. LEWIS A. PICK, Chief of Engineers, Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C. DEAR GENERAL PICK: This letter is in response to your request for current information on power loads in the Pacific Northwest and the potential effect of Ice Harbor generation on them. The Pacific Northwest, since 1947, has suffered because of a shortage of electric power. Power loads grew faster following World War II than new starts on additional hydroelectric generating facilities were made. Unless new hydroelectric projects are started regularly in future years, the power shortage may be prolonged indefinitely and this may greatly retard the development of the region. The Pacific Northwest was able to produce large quantities of war materials, ships, planes, steel alloys, chemicals, aluminum, and other products during World War II. Much of this production would not have been possible except for the fortuitous existence of partially completed hydroelectric projects at Bonneville and Grand Coulee which permitted the rapid expansion of power supply in excess of the civilian needs of the region. Today, when we are faced with another emergency, the ability of the region to again contribute to the security of the Nation is reduced because power supplies are not even adequate for civilian requirements. Only by curtailing other use of electric power would it be possible to again increase production of materials of war in the Pacific Northwest region. Under these circumstances it is important that we plan to expand the power production facilities of the region as rapidly as possible. A careful screening of authorized projects on which preliminary engineering has been done indicates that the most rapid expansion of firm power supplies can be achieved by the construction of small projects such as Albeni Falls and Ice Harbor Dams. Our present information indicates that with adequate appropriations, Ice Harbor Dam could be completed and the initial power facilities at the dam could be operating in time to carry winter loads of 1954-55. This would permit the sale of over 100,000 kilowatts additional firm power from Ice Harbor Dam in the spring of 1955 since adequate power supplies are available during the spring and summer months on the Columbia River. The completion of Ice Harbor Dam in 1954 would increase the amount of power available for defense industries in the Pacific Northwest region by over 100,000 kilowatts in that year, by 23,000 kilowatts in the following year, and by 42,000 kilowatts in 1956-57 as compared with the present schedule S which calls for its completion in 1955. Incidentally, the additional revenue available in the 3 years 1954-55 through 1956-57 would be in excess of $3,000,000. Our forecasts of industrial power requirements indicate that new industrial plants producing ferro alloys, chromium, electrolytic iron, calcium carbide, zinc, and other strategic metals and chemicals would be established and operating at least 1 year earlier than would be possible under schedule S if Ice Harbor Dam is completed by 1954. It is probable that some of these plants would actually be ready for operation in 1953-54 and would use interruptible power for one year if firm power could be definitely committed for 1954-55. Even if additional industrial power requirements for defense industries were not contemplated in the Pacific Northwest region, the output of Ice Harbor Dam is urgently needed as soon as possible. Estimates by the BPA staff indicate that for the year 1954 over 37 billion kilowatt-hours will be needed in the Pacific Northwest region as compared with actual use of 231⁄2 billion kilowatt-hours in 1949. While a minor part of the increased requirements of the region will be met by adding to the capacity of non-Federal generating plants, average requirements on the Federal system are expected to grow from 1,535,000 kilowatts in December 1949 to 2,722,000 kilowatts in December 1954. Even if we assume that generating edule S is maintained, the Federal system will be unable to meet these loads in 1954 and the region as a whole will have a deficit of over 300,000 kilowatts of firm power in that year. By advancing the completion date of Ice Harbor Dam from 1955 to 1954 this deficiency can be reduced by over one-third, that is, from 315,000 kilowatts to approximately 200,000 kilowatts. The completion of Ice Harbor Dam in 1954 will make unnecessary the construction of certain transmission facilities which otherwise will need to be constructed in order to meet the power requirements in the central Washington and central Oregon areas. Without Ice Harbor Dam it will be necessary to construct, at an estimated total cost of over $5,000,000, a fourth line from Grand Coulee Dam to Midway ($4,000,000) as well as 115-kilovolt transformation facilities at McNary Dam at an estimated cost of over $1,000,000. If Ice Harbor Dam is assured by December 1954, all of these facilities can be deferred and will not be needed in future years on the basis of our latest advance program studies. On the other hand, if construction of Ice Harbor Dam is deferred, it is probable that the facilities will have to be installed but will be useful only until Ice Harbor Dam is completed. Without these additional transmission facilities, present power flow studies for December 1954 show that unless generation is available from Ice Harbor Dam, the two uncompensated circuits from Coulee to Midway will carry in excess of 185,000 kilowatts each and the third circuit with series compensation will be loaded to approximately 270,000 kilowatts. These are beyond good design loadings since experience has proved that actual peak loadings due to system unbalances, outages and other disturbances will be well in excess of 200,000 kilowatts each for the uncompensated line and approximately 300,000 kilowatts for the compensated line. The Administration's 115-kilovolt system serving the south central Washington area and the north central Oregon area is rapidly becoming overloaded. In order to meet the expanding loads of these areas, additional transmission facilities to serve the 115-kilovolt grid are absolutely essential. The completion of Ice Harbor Dam in 1954 would make such facilities unnecessary, since Ice Harbor would feed directly into the 115-kilovolt system. It is thus clear that, so far as the Administration's transmission system is concerned, advancing the date of Ice Harbor Dam would greatly improve the capabilities of the Federal transmission system as well as increase the firm capabilities of the Columbia River power system as a whole. GEORGE A. BOWLING, MANAGER, STRATHGLASS FARM, PORT CHESTER, N. Y. GUY E. HARMON, WAKEFORD FARMS, INC., KINGSTON, MD. Mr. WHITTEN. Gentlemen, we will proceed a little out of order. Ordinarily we begin with the Department witnesses first. However in the effort to accommodate you gentlemen we will go ahead and complete your part of it. You might identify yourselves for the record. Mr. BOWLING. I am George A. Bowling, manager, of the Strathglass Farm, Port Chester, N. Y., and I am here also representing the National Ayrshire Breeders' Association, who are in opposition to the establishment of a foot-and-mouth special laboratory, experimental laboratory, in this country. I have a prepared statement here which I would like to submit for the record, and then I would like to add some additional remarks to that. Mr. WHITTEN. We will be glad to have you follow that procedure. Mr. BOWLING. I have been authorized to speak for the 8,000 members of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association in opposition to a request for an appropriation to construct a foot-and-mouth disease research. laboratory in the United States. I am also speaking as manager of Strathglass Farm, Port Chester, N. Y., one of the oldest and most widely known breeders of dairy cattle in this country. First, I emphasize the fact that we are very strongly in favor of research work related to foot-and-mouth disease. For 17 years I was a member of agricultural experiment station staffs and have a very deep appreciation of the need for research in animal diseases. As the manager of a herd of dairy cattle, I am reminded every day of the need for greater knowledge relative to dairy cattle diseases. As an importer of dairy cattle, we are reminded frequently of the necessary restrictions, rightfully imposed, as safeguards for our livestock population. Since, in past years our herd has had experience with foot-and-mouth disease, we can appreciate, as few people can, the great and constant danger of this disease to our livestock population in the United States. For these reasons we are opposing the introduction of the foot-and-mouth disease virus into this country, and we appreciate the courtesy of your committee in permitting us to express our opposition. In past years when outbreaks of foot-and mouth disease threatened the livestock population of this country, the livestock producers of the United States gave to the Bureau of Animal Industry of the Department of Agriculture the necessary support by which this disease, in each case, has been eradicated. The costs of those efforts were large when measured in both dollars and numbers of livestock. In every case the breeders of livestock were unanimously in favor of the most drastic measures necessary to carry out the eradication program. This type of loyalty has not been offered to any disease-control agency in any other livestock-producing country in the world. We believe it to have been the determining factor in the elimination of the outbreaks of the disease in this country. Following the most recent outbreak of the disease in the United States which occurred in January 1929, the Tariff Act of 1930 prohibited the importation of cattle, sheep, or other domestic ruminants or swine or of fresh, chilled, or frozen beef, veal, mutton, lamb, or pork from foreign countries where foot-and-mouth disease or rinderpest exists. This act and other related acts have been carefully administered so that the United States has now been free of foot-and-mouth disease for the longest period of time (19 years) since the creation of the Bureau of Animal Industry in 1884 (S. Doc. 211, 80th Cong., 2d sess.). The livestock breeders of the United States have supported the careful administration of this act. Quoting from Senate Document No. 211 presented on December 31, 1948: If foot-and-mouth disease were allowed to become established in the United States, it would be more damaging to us than to any other country in the world, because we depend on the movement of livestock more than any other of the civilized countries. We grow our cattle in the West and move them |