line-not streamline, unfortunately, but a continuing undertaking involving 10 divisions and 300-odd personnel, and over a half million dollars in money, but without any centralizing head. So that there are gaps, breakdowns, and delays.

The other is an assistant librarian to center up all of the scholarly services.

Mr. RABAUT. Is that a position at P-6?

Mr. MACLEISH. There are two at P-7.

The next at P-5 is a request for an individual to head up the service we perform for members of the general public. We answer thousands of inquiries which come in by mail directly to us or through Members of Congress, or otherwise, and they are scattered and go to various divisions and take up time, which is to say, waste time. I think all of that ought to be centralized; that and-well, exhibitions, and everything else that we do for the public.

The CAF-9 is an assistant chief clerk, which is a position that we ask to head up the central accounting office, to account for all the moneys handled through the Library of Congress. We put that as high as we did, at the suggestion of the General Accounting Office and the Bureau of the Budget, both of whom feel that we need there a man with good accounting knowledge.

The place at CAF-7 is an assistant personnel officer to take over the work which will be thrown into the personnel office if the chief clerk's office takes on this heavy, but to my mind, necessary burden of central accounting.

The remainder are clerical assistants, typists, and secretaries to the five positions above.

Mr. RABAUT. Now we come to the Aeronautics Division.

Mr. MACLEISH. I do not believe there is anything to say on that, sir.

Mr. RICH. Let me ask you a question. If you are going to put on two P-7 employees and one P-5, and one CAF-9, do you mean that you have got to put on seven additional assistants for those four?

Mr. MACLEISH. I will take those up in detail, if you like. Two of them are secretaries to these two assistant librarians. Those two jobs will be weighty and onerous jobs. They can be as heavy as the man who holds them wants to make them. But they certainly would require secretarial assistance. They will be first rank administrative jobs in the Library.

Mr. ROGERS. Two are for the secretarial positions to the two P-7 employees. One clerical 4 assistant is in the accounting and auditing division, and two clerical 4 assistants to the disbursing officer and a clerical 2 clerk is to take care of the extra work in the personnel office. Mr. RICH. This CAF-9 position is the accountant?

Mr. MACLEISH. Yes, sir.

Mr. RICH. And you are going to put on two CAF-4 positions as his assistants?

Mr. ROGERS. We are putting on one CAF-4 in the Chief Clerk's office.

Mr. RICH. And what other employees?

Mr. ROGERS. Then in the disbursing office, we are requesting two clerical 4 assistants to take care of the handling of the money in that office.

Mr. RICH. And then the balance of them are going to be your assistants?

Mr. ROGERS. One assistant personnel officer and one clerk and the two secretaries to act as secretaries in the coordinating and processing divisions.

Mr. RICH. These P-7 employees are really going to be your assistants, are they not?

Mr. MACLEISH. They are my assistants, in a sense, but they would be heading up separate functions in the Library, which at the present time just do not exist. The coordination and centralizing of these processing divisions is something that has not been done. In the sense that it is part of the general administration, they would be my assistants; yes, sir.

Mr. RICH. Since you are branching out with these two assistants, what are your duties going to be?

Mr. MACLEISH. Perhaps the best answer I can make to that is that at the present time the chief assistant librarian leaves the Library at half-past eight in the evening and usually spends all of Saturday and most of Sunday there. I spend most of Saturday and most of Sunday, and get away at about half-past six. These jobs just do not get done. The coordinating jobs do not get done because there is no time or place to do it.

It is an additional job to control something that I feel could be much more expeditiously done and with a saving of time and money, by the addition of these places.

Mr. RICH. How many hours do the heads of your bureaus, your assistants, put in, in the Library, now?

Mr. MACLEISH. We have the same official hours, of course.

We

are under the general statute. But the administrative officers at the Library of Congress-well, I usually get there about half past eight and leave about 6:30. When do you leave, Mr. Roberts-half past eight at night?

Mr. ROBERTS. That is correct.

Mr. RICH. You are not clock-watchers, then.

Mr. MACLEISH. We are not clock-watchers in the Library of Congress. I have worked in various institutions and I never worked harder than here.

CENTRAL ACCOUNTING

(See p. 12)

Mr. RABAUT. I want to ask a question about this accounting office that you were talking about. Who is doing this accounting work over there now?

Mr. MACLEISH. Mr. Voorus, do you want to reply to that? Mr. VOORUS. It is being done now in the chief clerk's office. Mr. RABAUT. If we are going to set up an office for it, will not that relieve some of those who are doing the work now?

Mr. VOORUS. We have the same story there. We are greatly overburdened, and with this new set-up that has been recommended both by the Bureau of the Budget and the General Accounting Office, who pass on all of our accounts and who have the final say-they recommend that this be set up. That means that an encumbrance ledger will be set up and a control system established which will enable us at any time to tell the status of our various appropriations.

Mr. RABAUT. Then this is not a transfer of the accounting activity but you are going to do more accounting than you are doing at the present time.

Mr. MACLEISH. Yes, sir; we will be doing more.

Mr. RABAUT. And you feel that that is necessary for the successful operation of the Library?

Mr. MACLEISH. I do, sir. I feel the present accounting control in the Library is inadequate, to put it mildly.

Mr. RABAUT. Will it help to hold down expenditures or appropriations?

Mr. MACLEISH. We hope it will result in establishing budgetary controls; yes, sir.

Mr. RICH. These officers who handle your funds, are they bonded officers?

Mr. MACLEISH. Yes, sir; Mr. Voorus is a bonded officer. Mr. Rabbit is a bonded officer. I am a bonded officer. Colonel Bouve is a bonded officer. Mr. Roberts is a bonded officer.

Mr. FERNANDEZ. I understood this morning that there were at least five different persons who were doing collecting in various departments in the Library, handling money, is that correct? Mr. VOORUS. That is right.

Mr. FERNANDEZ. Would the establishment of this new position, in effect, relieve that many persons from those responsibilities and duties?

Mr. MACLEISH. May I reply to that question? It would do this. Mr. Fernandez. For example, the Registrar of Copyrights receives a very considerable sum of money in the way of fees. He receives something over $300,000 a year. Under this system, if it is set up, he will, of course, continue to receive those fees in the Copyright Office. He must do that. But instead of depositing them immediately into the Treasury, or doing that at the end of the week, as he now does, he would deposit them through the central accounting office, so that there would be a central account book which would tell us about the whole operation of the Library. I do not say that Colonel Bouvé would save time, so far as the handling of money is concerned. He would have to have his own records. But this would give us an additional book control over operations. In other words, we are really undertaking to do something more than we did before. Mr. FERNANDEZ. Would that be true of the other bureau, the Card Index Bureau?

Mr. MACLEISH. Yes; that would be true of cards. There they receive money. They receive checks. They would have to keep an account of it. They would turn the money over to us for the sake of the control of their activity as a business concern, but selling the cards they would have to receive the money in the first place. It might relieve them of certain accounting necessities, and insofar as it did. we should watch that. That is something we should study after this system is in operation, if we are fortunate enough to set it up.

AERONAUTICS DIVISION-ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL

Mr. RABAUT. Shall we take up the Bibliographic Division? Mr. MACLEISH. Did you wish me to speak for the new position in the Aeronautics Division?

Mr. RABAUT. Yes; if you think there is something we should know Mr. MACLEISH. The Division of Aeronautics, as the Chairman knows, and the committee knows, was set-up by the aid of a fund

provided by the Guggenheim Foundation. The Library undertook, however, to provide the necessary clerical assistance, and in 1931 the Congress did appropriate money for one of the two positions that it was felt were necessary. The second has not been appropriated for since. The position becomes a little critical because of the great increase in the interest in aeronautical matters and we feel that this is something that becomes freshly interesting now.

PERSONNEL PAID FROM MONEY SAVED THROUGH LAPSES, ETC.

(See p. 64)

Mr. RABAUT. According to a footnote that you have on this document, you have five in the Aeronautical Division now. How many are provided from other divisions?

Mr. ROGERS. We have four in there now and one is provided by funds saved from lapses, and so on.

We have carried an additional

assistant there at the expense of other divisions.

Mr. RABAUT. For how long?

Mr. ROGERS. For approximately 3 years.

Mr. FERNANDEZ. By money saved from lapses?

Mr. ROGERS. Lapses, leave without pay, and so on.

Mr. RABAUT. You see, that is something that we cannot keep track of, and it is not good policy to set those positions up through money saved by lapses, when Congress does not know anything about it.

Mr. MACLEISH. Certainly it is not, and it is one of the things that I would like to straighten out.

The next position illustrates that very clearly. Congress created the position of Reference Librarian. But Congress has not appropriated money for that place. It is a place that we very badly need. It seems to me and I am very glad the Chairman has made this point it does seem to me, as a new administrator here, that is it extremely bad policy to attempt to carry these things in that way. Mr. RABAUT. How many positions of this particular character have you in the Library?

Mr. ROGERS. You mean, positions paid for out of money saved through lapses and leave without pay, and so forth?

Mr. RABAUT. Yes.

Mr. ROGERS. I can answer it in this way, by saying that we average about $10,000 a year in lapses, and with that $10,000 we supply temporary help to various positions in the Library. We do not carry any regular positions with the exception of this one, and I think the Chief Reference Librarian.

Mr. RABAUT. This comes back to the other question, namely: If this money were not used for that purpose, and Congress were actually apprised of the fact that you need these positions, that you cannot do the work without them, you would have had more money for these lower paid employees, is that correct?

Mr. MACLEISH. Exactly.

Mr. RABAUT. But then they come along and talk about low paid employees and here they have $10,000 from lapses which is not used for that purpose.

Mr. MACLEISH. I agree with you entirely. It seems to me a very bad policy.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DIVISION-ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL

Mr. RABAUT. We come now to the Bibliographic Division. This calls for three additional positions. Is that also a part of the Processing Division?

Mr. MACLEISH. No, sir. The first of these is the position that I have referred to. It is not a new position. It is a position that Congress authorized, I believe, some years ago, but the money was not appropriated for it.

Mr. RICH. How have you gotten along through these years, then? Mr. RABAUT. It was authorized but not appropriated for by Congress.

Mr. RICH. If you have not had this employee up to this time, why put him on now?

Mr. MACLEISH. We have had him, sir. He is an example of this sort of thing. He has been paid out of these lapses.

Mr. RABAUT. There is $5,600 of lapsed money right there.

Mr. MACLEISH. It is a position we very badly need. The Chief Reference Librarian is a man who is at the heart of our reference service.

Mr. RABAUT. I think we understand how that position came into existence.

Mr. RABAUT. What about these other positions at $1,620?

Mr. ROGERS. Those are two stenographic assistants, in the offices of the Chief Reference Librarian.

Mr. FERNANDEZ. Is there anybody doing that work now?

Mr. RABAUT. What is being done there now? You have got 11 people in the office now, have you not?

Mr. ROGERS. Yes, sir.

Mr. RABAUT. Are these 3 part of the 11, or are these 3 additional? Mr. ROGERS. We have 8 in the Bibliographic Division. We have the Chief Reference Librarian and a stenographer. That is 10 altogether. We are asking for 3. Two of the three are to take care of the Chief Reference Librarian and an additional stenographic asistant.

Mr. RABAUT. This includes the three, does it?

Mr. ROGERS. That is correct.

Mr. RICH. Where do you get the money to pay the $3,240 if you have used the $5,600 out of lapse money?

Mr. MACLEISH. We do not have those places.

Mr. ROGERS. We are asking for those.

Mr. RICH. You have not had them?

Mr. MACLEISH. No, sir.

Mr. RABAUT. Was that job reallocated from $4,600 to $5,600.
Mr. MACLEISH. No, sir.

Mr. ROGERS. That is shown under "Administration," on the first page.

Mr. RABAUT. I understand it now. These two positions, CAF-3 at $1,620, they do not exist at the present time at all?

Mr. MACLEISH. No, sir.

BINDING DIVISION-ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL

Mr. RABAUT. Tell us about the Binding Division.

Mr. MACLEISH. In the Binding Division we ask for one at $2,600. We are asking for a man there with a good knowledge of leathers who