8

1926 (22 U.S.C. 211a), is amended by adding at the end thereof the following: "Unless authorized by law, a passport may not be designated as restricted for travel to or for use in any country other than a country with which the United States is at war, where armed hostilities are in progress, or where there is imminent danger to the public health or the physical safety of United States travellers.".

DIPLOMATIC AND OFFICIAL PASSPORTS

SEC. 125.9 It is the sense of the Congress that a diplomatic or official United States passport should be issued only to, and used only by, a person who holds a diplomatic or other official position in the United States Government or who is otherwise eligible for such a passport under conditions specifically authorized by law.

TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS ON FOREIGN CITIZENS

SEC. 126.10 (a) For the purpose of implementing general principles of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (signed at Helsinki on August 1, 1975) emphasizing the lowering of international barriers to the free movement of people and ideas and in accordance with provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations establishing the legal principles of nondiscrimination and reciprocity, it shall be the general policy of the United States to impose restrictions on travel within the United States by citizens of another country only when the government of that country imposes restrictions on travel by the United States citizens within that country.

(b) The Secretary of State shall

(1) insure that this policy is clearly conveyed to any foreign government imposing travel restrictions on United States citizens; and

(2) seek to elimination, on a mutual and reciprocal basis, of travel restrictions imposed by such government and by the Government of the United States on each other's citizens. (c) 11

[Repealed-1983]

(d) Subsection (a) may not be construed as limiting any restrictions on travel within the United States which are imposed by the United States Government, on a reciprocal basis, with respect to the officials of particular foreign governments.

TITLE II-INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION AGENCY

8 For text, see page 693.

22 U.S.C. 211a note.

10 22 U.S.C. 2691 note.

11 Sec. 1011(a)(1) of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (Public Law 98-164; 97 Stat. 1061) repealed subsec. (c) which had required a report to Congress by the Secretary of State annually for 1979-1981 concerning domestic travel restrictions imposed by the U.S. Government, on a reciprocal basis, with respect to similar restrictions imposed by foreign governments on United States citizens.

TITLE IV-FOREIGN SERVICE AND OTHER PERSONNEL

EMPLOYMENT OF FAMILY MEMBERS OVERSEAS

[Repealed-1981]

SEC. 401.12* *

ORIENTATION AND LANGUAGE TRAINING FOR FAMILY MEMBERS

SEC. 405. (a) 13 * (b) 13 *

* *

SEC. 406.14 * * * [Repealed-1978]

[Repealed-1983]

COMPENSATORY TIME OFF AT CERTAIN POSTS IN FOREIGN AREAS

SEC. 411. (a) Subchapter III of chapter 59 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new

section:

"§ 5926. Compensatory time off at certain posts in foreign areas

"(a) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to this subchapter, and notwithstanding subchapter V of chapter 55 of this title or any other law, the head of an agency may, on request of an employee serving in a foreign area

"(1) at an isolated post performing functions required to be maintained on a substantially continuous basis, grant the employee compensatory time off for an equal amount of time spent in regularly scheduled overtime work; or

"(2) at a post in a locality that customarily observes irregular hours of work or where other special conditions are present, in order to cope with those special circumstances, grant the employee compensatory time off for an equal amount

12 Sec. 2205(2) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-465; 94 Stat. 2160), repealed sec. 401.

13 Sec. 405(a) amended the Foreign Service Act of 1946 by adding a new sec. 708. (Foreign Service Act of 1946 was replaced by the Foreign Service Act of 1980.) Sec. 1101(a)2) of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (Public Law 98-164; 97 Stat. 1061), repealed sec. 405(b) which had required a report to Congress from the Secretary of State regarding orientation and language training programs for family members of U.S. Government employees.

14 Sec. 109 of the Continuing Appropriations, Fiscal Year 1979 (Public Law 95-482; 92 Stat. 1604), repealed sec. 406. It formerly read as follows:

"SPECIAL COMPUTATION OF ANNUITIES

"SEC. 406. Notwithstanding the first sentence of section 821(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (22 U.S.C. 1076(a)), the annuity of any participant in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System whose salary was or is limited by the provisions of section 5308 of title 5, United States Code, and who retires during the period beginning October 1, 1978, and ending December 31, 1979, shall be equal to 2 per centum of his or her basic salary for the highest year of service for which contributions have been made to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund multiplied by the number of years, not exceeding thirty-five, of service credit obtained in accordance with the provisions of sections 851 and 853 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (22 U.S.C. 1091 and 1093)."

of time spent in regularly scheduled overtime work for use during the pay period in which it is earned.

Credit for compensatory time off earned under paragraph (2) shall not form the basis for any additional compensation.

"(b) Compensatory time earned under this section shall be for use only while the employee is assigned to the post where it is earned. Any such compensatory time not used at the time the employee is reassigned to another post shall be forfeited.".

(b) The section analysis for such chapter is amended by inserting the following new item immediately after the item relating to section 5925:

"5926. Compensatory time off at certain posts in foreign areas.".

SEC. 501.16 The Congress finds that—

(1) the consequences of modern scientific and technological advances are of such major significance in United States foreign policy that understanding and appropriate knowledge of modern science and technology by officers and employees of the United States Government are essential in the conduct of modern diplomacy;

(2) many problems and opportunities for development in modern diplomacy lie in scientific and technological fields;

(3) in the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of the technological aspects of United States foreign policy, the United States Government should seek out and consult with both public and private industrial, academic, and research institutions concerned with modern technology; and

(4) the effective use of science and technology in international relations for the mutual benefit of all countries requires the development and use of the skills and methods of long-range planning.

DECLARATION OF POLICY

SEC. 502.17 In order to maximize the benefits and to minimize the adverse consequences of science and technology in the conduct of foreign policy, the Congress declares the following to be the policy of the United States:

15 Sec. 2205(2) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-465; 94 Stat. 2160) repealed sec. 413.

16 22 U.S.C. 2656a.

17 22 U.S.C. 2656b.

(1) Technological opportunities, impacts, changes, and threats should be anticipated and assessed, and appropriate measures should be implemented to influence such technological developments in ways beneficial to the United States and other countries.

(2) The mutually beneficial applications of technology in bilateral and multilateral agreements and activities involving the United States and foreign countries or international organizations should be recognized and supported as an important element of United States foreign policy.

(3) The United States Government should implement appropriate measures to insure that individuals are trained in the use of science and technology as an instrument in international relations and that officers and employees of the United States Government engaged in formal and informal exchanges of scientific and technical information, personnel, and hardware are knowledgeable in international affairs.

(4) In recognition of the environmental and technological factors that change relations among countries and in recognition of the growing interdependence between the domestic and foreign policies and programs of the United States, United States foreign policy should be continually reviewed by the executive and legislative branches of the Government to insure appropriate and timely application of science and technology to the conduct of United States foreign policy.

(5) 18 Federally supported international science and technology agreements should be negotiated to ensure that—

(A) intellectual property rights are properly protected; and

(B) access to research and development opportunities and facilities and the flow of scientific and technological information, are, to the maximum extent practicable, equitable and reciprocal.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PRESIDENT

SEC. 503.19 (a) The President, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and other officials whom the President considers appropriate, shall

(1) notwithstanding any other provision of law, insure that the Secretary of State is informed and consulted before any agency of the United States Government takes any major action, primarily involving science or technology, with respect to any foreign government or international organization;

(2) identify and evaluate elements of major domestic science and technology programs and activities of the United States Government with significant international implications;

(3) identify and evaluate international scientific or technological developments with significant implications for domestic programs and activities of the United States Government; and

18 Sec. 5171(a) of Public Law 100–418 (102 Stat. 1452) added paragraph (5). 19 22 U.S.C. 2656c.

(4) assess and initiate appropriate international scientific and technological activities which are based upon domestic scientific and technological activities of the United States Government and which are beneficial to the United States and foreign countries.

(b) The President shall study and not later than January 31, 1980, and not later than January 31 of each year thereafter, shall transmit to the Speaker of the House of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Foreign Relations and Governmental Affairs of the Senate 20 a report containing information and 20 recommendations with respect to

(1) personnel requirements, and standards and training for service of officers and employees of the United States Government, with respect to assignments in any Federal agency which involve foreign relations and science or technology;

(2) the continuation of existing bilateral and multilateral activities and agreements primarily involving science and technology, including (A) an analysis of the foreign policy implications and the scientific and technological benefits of such activities or agreements for the United States and other parties, (B) the adequacy of the funding for and administration of such activities and agreements, and (C) plans for future evaluation of such activities and agreements on a routine basis; and

(3) 20 equity of access by United States public and private entities to public (and publicly supported private) research and development opportunities and facilities in each country which is a major trading partner of the United States.

(c) Except as otherwise provided by law, nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring the public disclosure of sensitive information relating to intelligence sources or methods or to persons engaged in monitoring scientific or technological developments for intelligence purposes.

(d) 21 (1) The information and recommendations developed under subsection (b)(3) shall be made available to the United States Trade Representative for use in his consultations with Federal agencies pursuant to Executive orders pertaining to the transfer of science and technology.

(2) In providing such information and recommendations, the President shall utilize information developed by any Federal departments, agencies, or interagency committees, as he may consider necessary.

RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE

SEC. 504.22 (a)(1) 23 In order to implement the policies 23 set forth in section 502 of this title, the Secretary of State (hereafter in this

20 Sec. 5171(b) of Public Law 100-418 (102 Stat. 1453) struck out "Congress" and inserted in lieu thereof reference to the Speaker of the House and Committees; inserted "information and"; and added a new paragraph (3).

21 Sec. 5171(c) of Public Law 100-418 (102 Stat. 1453) added a new subsec. (d).

22 22 U.S.C. 2656d.

23 Sec. 5171(d) of Public Law 100-418 (102 Stat. 1453) redesignated subsec. (a) as (a)(1), struck out "policy" and inserted "policies"; and added paragraphs (2) and (3).