ministration, the Federal Interdepartmental Safety Council, the Federal Fire Council, the National Fire Protection Association, the Paper and Paper Products Committee of the Federal Specifications Board, and the Council of Personnel Administration. The lifting of travel restrictions and the shortening of the work week permitted increased participation by staff members in the work of professional associations; many of them served on committees, contributed papers, and attended meetings.

As in previous years the Archivist served as chairman of the National Archives Council and of the National Historical Publications Commission; the Administrative Secretary served as secretary of the former body, and the Records Control Officer was chosen to be secretary of the latter at its meeting in April. Reports of the secretaries on the activities of these agencies comprise appendixes III and VI of this report. The Archivist is also charged with the administration of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library; his annual report as to the Library is presented separately.

THE FEDERAL REGISTER

Characterized by the National Association of Manufacturers' News as "one of the most important of all governmental publications in these days of the frequent issuance of regulations restricting or expanding commercial operations," the Federal Register serves as a useful tool for the Government itself and for the general public. In accordance with an act of Congress passed in 1935, rules and regulations of Federal agencies that have general applicability and legal effect are not binding until they are filed with the Division of the Federal Register, created by the act as a part of the National Archives Establishment, and are made available to the public. Without the machinery of the Federal Register, both the administration of and the compliance with the plethora of Government orders during the war and the reconversion period would have been next to impossible.

Besides publishing the daily Federal Register, the duties of the Division include examining and editing Presidential proclamations and Executive orders before they are sent to the President for signature; receiving, filing, and registering Presidential proclamations, Executive orders, and rules, regulations, and other orders of Federal agencies; making such documents available for public inspection and codifying and publishing in the Code of Federal Regulations and its supplements those that remain effective. Through the Administrative Procedure Act, approved June 11, 1946, Congress gave the Division the additional duty of publishing for each agency of the Government, with certain exceptions, descriptions of its organization and procedure, including delegations of final authority. The act also

provides for the publication of notices of proposed rule making and of statements of general policy or interpretations formulated for the guidance of the public. The public is thus informed through the Federal Register not only of the rules and regulations made by Executive agencies but of the processes by which they are made, the procedures incident to their application, and the agencies or officials responsible for their administration.

In the first year of converting the Government to a peacetime basis more documents were filed with the Division and published in the Federal Register than in any year of the war. About 76,700 were filed, of which nearly one-third were published in full in the Federal Register. The others consisted almost entirely of Office of Price Administration community ceiling price orders, which in accordance with legislation approved April 1, 1944, were entered in abbreviated form. The value of the publication was increased this year by incorporating in each issue a "codification guide," showing what Presidential documents or Code sections are affected by documents appearing in that issue. This feature is of service to Government agencies as well as to the general public. President Truman's plans 2 and 3 for the reorganization of the Government affected many parts of the Code, and at least one agency planned to issue a series of documents changing its parts of the Code to reflect the changes made by the plans. This step, costly in both time and printing charges, was made unnecessary by the cross references in the codification guide appearing in the issue of the Federal Register in which the reorganization plans were published. The sudden termination of war contracts after VJ-day resulted in the number of paid subscriptions falling from 13,631 on June 30, 1945, to 11,298 one year later. Income from regular subscribers, covered into the Treasury by the Superintendent of Documents, consequently fell from $206,124 in the fiscal year 1945 to $168,111 in the fiscal year 1946.

The Federal Register Act of 1935 provided for a codification of all documents having general applicability and legal effect on June 1, 1938, and every 5 years thereafter. Because of the unsettled situation during the war, Congress authorized the publication of a cumulative supplement as of June 1, 1943, instead of a complete new code. During the fiscal year 1946 the two concluding volumes of the 1944 supplement and the first two volumes of the 1945 supplement were issued. A new feature of the 1945 supplement was the inclusion of a list of Presidential documents affected by documents included in the supplement. The usefulness of both these supplements was enhanced by the promptness with which they appeared. The 1944 supplement was completed before the end of the calendar year 1945, and it was anticipated that the 1945 supplement would be completed in the fall

of 1946. During the fiscal year 7,408 books of the Code and supplements were sold, yielding an income of $21,542 to be covered into the Treasury.

During the year under review, as during the war, the Division saved much time and money for emergency agencies by editing and printing their regulations in advance of their formal filing. The preprints were distributed to their field offices, which were thus fully informed of the regulations at the time they became effective. During this year the National Housing Agency used this service for the first time and the Office of Price Administration, the Civilian Production Administration, the War Assets Administration, and others continued to use it. The Division also performed an important service to the public and the Government by answering thousands of inquiries about documents on file.

ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES

Organizational changes.-Few changes were made in the organizational structure of the National Archives during the year. On November 7, 1945, the Divisions of Photographic Archives and Research and of Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings were consolidated in a Photographic Records Office, headed by a Director of Photography. On January 14, 1946, the Cleaning and Rehabilitation Section was set up as a Division under the line supervision of the Director of Operations. On June 3 a Packing and Shelving Unit was set up in the Office of the Director of Operations to be available for detail to records divisions or offices to perform work indicated by its name. The Deputy Director of Operations was designated on June 24 to serve as extra-duty staff officer to the Archivist with respect to the formulation and enforcement of a safety program for the National Archives.

The organization of the National Archives on June 30, 1946, is shown by the chart on the following page.

Personnel.-Personnel administration at the National Archives was affected by the efforts of the Government to return to a peacetime basis. No registers of eligibles from which the agency might choose new employees were available, and during most of the year it hired new employees without prior approval of the Civil Service Commission. The agency was restricted, however, by the fact that 187 persons who had left for military service held reemployment rights, and vacancies were filled by veterans whenever possible. Procedures were established for releasing war-service appointees when that step was necessary in order to make positions available for veterans who wanted to return. In accordance with an Executive order issued in February, Government agencies began making appointments on a temporary

indefinite rather than a war-service basis. This order also provided for the establishment of a committee of expert examiners for the National Archives to determine qualifications, hold examinations, and rate applicants for archivist positions. Plans for the appointment of such a committee were being made at the end of the year.

As might be expected in a year of readjustment, the turnover in personnel was larger than in the previous year, 36 percent as compared with 30 percent. One hundred and fifty-four persons, including 78 returning veterans, were added to the staff and 128 left it. At the end of the year the staff numbered 363, including 9 persons at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library but not including persons on leave without pay for long periods. Although only 5 employees were separated involuntarily to make places for veterans, 14 were demoted, and others left in anticipation of being replaced. Only 2 left for service with the armed forces. Of the 61 persons promoted to a higher grade, more than half were veterans. Automatic salary advances were received by 278 employees in addition to the 121 advances that accrued to veterans while they were in the service. Salary advances as rewards for superior accomplishment were given to 13 employees.

Several personnel changes resulted from transfers or organizational changes during the year. John G. Bradley, Chief of the Division of Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings for 10 years, resigned on July 5, 1945, to become Director of the Motion Picture Project of the Library of Congress. Marcus W. Price, Deputy Director of Operations, served as Acting Chief of the Division and Josephine Cobb continued to serve as Acting Chief of the Division of Photographic Archives and Research until these two Divisions were combined in the Photographic Records Office on November 7, 1945. At that time Lt. Vernon D. Tate, USNR, former Chief of the Division of Photographic Archives and Research, was detailed by the Navy Department to the National Archives and became Acting Director of Photography. Upon his release from the Navy on March 1, 1946, he became Director. Theodore R. Schellenberg, Chief of the Division of Agriculture Department Archives since 1938, transferred on July 21, 1945, to the Office of Price Administration to supervise its records administration program. Herman Kahn, Chief of the Division of Interior Department Archives, was designated to serve also as Acting Chief of the Division of Agriculture Department Archives. Arthur E. Young, Assistant to the Records Appraisal Officer, was appointed Assistant Management Officer on July 30, 1945. When Jesse E. Boell, the Assistant Director of the War Records Office, transferred to the War Department to serve as an archives officer in the American zone of occupation in Germany, and Dallas D. Irvine, the Management Officer, took his place on October 21, Mr. Young became Management Officer.

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