Major Gold, one of the superintendents of division in the office, and that with the force in the Eastern Mediterranean under Captain E. M. Wedderburn, honorable secretary of the Scottish Meteorological Society. With him is Lieutenant E. Kidson, a graduate of Canterbury College, New Zealand, who has distinguished himself as magnetician in the service of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and came to this country to offer his services. In the organization of these meteorological services, the committee has received great assistance from one of its members, Major H. G. Lyons, R.E., formerly director-general of the Egyptian Survey Department, whose services were lent by the War Office in view of the importance of an adequate knowledge of the weather to the proper conduct of naval and military operations in the Mediterranean, to which attention was called by the Admiralty. Major Lyons has taken charge of that department of the work of the Office from May 17, 1915, and more recently he has been appointed to represent the War Office on the committee. The special thanks of the Admiralty for the services of the meteorological officer in the Mediterranean have been received through the War Office. In view of the importance of coordinating the experience of flying officers with the work of the office and observatories in order to obtain more effective knowledge of the structure of the atmosphere for the use of the air services, the committee represented to the director of military aeronautics the desirability of appointing a professor of meteorology to the Royal Flying Corps (with the rank of major during the war). The director of military aeronautics concurred, and the Army Council approved the appointment of Lieutenant G. I. Taylor, R.F.C., to that office. Major Taylor was Schuster reader in meteorology from February 20, 1912. His services were lent to the Board of Trade for meteorological work on the steamship Scotia, chartered for the investigation of ice in 1913.

THE WISCONSIN PHARMACEUTICAL EXPERIMENT STATION

AT the request of the State Pharmaceutical Association, the Wisconsin Pharmaceutical

Experiment Station was established by special legislative enactment four years ago. Its meager budget of $2,500 nevertheless yielded modest results since practically the entire sum was expended in productive work. This was made possible because of the close cooperation of the station with the department of pharmacy of the university.

As a war measure, the present legislature has doubled the income of the station. The pharmaceutical garden has been increased from three to ten acres, with ground that admits of an increase to thirty acres as soon as the means of the station permit. This increase in garden area was made largely at the request of the Office of Drug-Plant and PoisonousPlant Investigations, which keeps an expert on the grounds, in order that acre experiments of greater economic significance might be carried out.

The station also enjoys a research fellowship of $500 for the investigation of thymol and related problems, established for the academic year 1917-18 by Fritzsche Bros., of New York. Another $500 previously offered as fellowship by the Kremers-Urban Co., pharmaceutical manufacturers of Milwaukee, was utilized toward an endowment fund for pharmaceutical research, a movement, which, like the station movement five years ago, was started by the pharmaceutical alumni of the university.

In addition, the income from $10,328, bequeathed by the wills of the late Mr. and Mrs. Albert Hollister, is available for graduate study and research in the form of the Hollister fellowship in pharmacy.

SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS

PRESIDENT R. A. PEARSON, of the Iowa State College, is acting as assistant to the secretary of agriculture to cooperate with the state boards for food production and conservation.

DR. FRANK M. CHAPMAN, curator of ornithology in the American Museum of Natural History, is now in Washington, where he is director of the Red Cross Bureau of Publications. He is the editor of the newly established Red Cross Bulletin, which is designed

to keep the public informed as to the activities of the organization.

DR. C.-E. A. WINSLOW, of the Yale School of Medicine, is engaged in Red Cross work in Russia. During his absence the editorship of the Journal of Bacteriology has been assumed by Professor Leo F. Rettger, Yale University. Manuscripts for the journal should be sent, as heretofore, to Professor Winslow's office, Yale School of Medicine.

DR. AUGUSTUS TROWBRIDGE, professor of physics in Princeton University, has been made director and commissioned a major in the signal corps of the U. S. Army. Under him there is now a staff of twenty-five men working in the Palmer Physical Laboratory.

LEAVE of absence during 1917-18 for war service has been granted to Professor J. S. Shearer of the department of physics of Cornell University. He is directing the standardization of X-ray apparatus for the medical

corps.

DR. JOHN A. ELLIOTT, associate plant pathologist of the Delaware College Experiment Station, has been elected plant pathologist of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, to fill the vacancy created by the resignaiton of Professor J. Lee Hewitt, who has become secretary and chief inspector of the Arkansas State Plant Board.

M. EMILE PICARD, recently elected permanent secretary of the Paris Academy of Sciences, has been appointed to represent the French government on the International Geodetic Association.

M. ERNEST SOLVAY, the distinguished Belgian industrial chemist, who has made large gifts for the endowment of chemical and physical research, has been elected a corresponding member of the Paris Academy of Sciences in the place of the late Sir Henry Roscoe.

GENERAL BOURGEOIS, professor of astronomy in the Paris School of Technology and director of the geographic service of the French Army, has been elected a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences in the Section

་

of Geography and Navigation, to fill the place vacant by the death of M. Phillip Hatt.

THE University of Nebraska has conferred the doctorate of science on Patrick Joseph O'Gara, '02, chief in charge of agricultural and smelter waste investigations for the American Smelting and Refining Company at Salt Lake City. For the past four years Dr. O'Gara has been making extensive investigations on the effects of gaseous and solid smelter wastes on vegetable and animal life.

MR. C. D. GEIDEL, chemist and bacteriologist in the state food laboratory, Madison, Wis., has accepted a position in the Bureau of Chemistry, Washington, D. C., and assumed his new duties on June 15.

H. K. BENSON, instructor in industrial chemistry at the University of Washington, Seattle, and director of the Bureau of Industrial Research, will spend his summer vacation at the plant of the American Nitrogen Products Company at La Grande, Wash., where he will conduct research work relating to the manufacture of nitrogen products from the air by use of electricity. Professor Benson will return to his school work in the fall.

PROFESSOR C. E. DAVIS has resigned as professor of chemistry at the Utah Agricultural College at Logan, and accepted a position as research chemist for the National Biscuit Co., with headquarters in the Havemeyer Laboratory, Columbia University.

MR. L. W. BAHNEY has left the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University to take a position as metallurgical engineer with the Scovill Manufacturing Co., Waterbury, Conn.

PROFESSOR LLOYD VAN DOREN, of Earlham College, Richmond, Ind., has been cooperating with The McIntosh Stereopticon Co., Chicago, in the compilation of a series of lantern slides suitable for illustrating topics in general chemistry and in industrial chemistry.

MR. BURR A. ROBINSON has resigned as assistant secretary of the American Institute of Mining Engineers to go into industrial work, and Professor G. A. Roush, of Lehigh University, has taken up his work as managing editor of the institute's monthly bulletin.

THE following assistants in the American Museum of Natural History have enlisted in the army: Carlos D. Empie and Harold E. Anthony, mammalogy; Charles Camp, vertebrate paleontology; Leo E. Miller and James P. Chapin, ornithology. Howarth S. Boyle, ornithology, is now in the service of the navy. DR. HERMANN M. BIGGS, state commissioner of health of New York, is chairman of a subcommittee on tuberculosis appointed by the general medical board of the Council of National Defense. Other members of this special committee are: Dr. John W. Trask, of the United States Public Health Service; Dr. George T. Palmer, of Springfield, Ill.; Dr. Charles B. Grandy, of Newport News, Va.; Dr. E. R. Baldwin and Dr. Lawrason Brown, of Saranac, N. Y., and Mr. Homer Folks, of New York.

THE Commission for the prevention of tuberculosis, which the Rockefeller Foundation is to send to France, will, as has already been announced in SCIENCE, be headed by Dr. Livingston Farrand, president of the University of Colorado, who for ten years was the executive secretary of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. Dr. Farrand will be accompanied by Dr. James Alexander Miller, of New York; Homer Folks, of New York, and Professor Selskar M. Gunn, of Boston. Hermann G. Place, of New York, has been appointed secretary. Dr. Miller is professor of clinical medicine in Columbia University, the director of the tuberculosis work of Bellevue Hospital, and president of the Association of Tuberculosis Clinics in New York City. Holmer Folks is the secretary of the State Charities Aid Association. In addition to his connection with the commission, Mr. Folks will take charge of the tuberculosis relief work of the American Red Cross in France. Selskar M. Gunn holds a professorship in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the secretary of the American Public Health Association, and editor of the American Journal of Public Health.

THE war council of the American Red Cross announces the appointment of a medical advisory committee, the membership of which is

as follows: Dr. Simon Flexner, director of the Rockefeller Institute, chairman; Dr. John W. Kerr, assistant Surgeon General, United States Public Health Service; Dr. Hermann M. Biggs, director of the New York State Department of Health; Dr. William H. Welch, dean of the School of Hygiene, Johns Hopkins University; Dr. Frank S. Billings, professor of medicine, University of Chicago; Dr. M. J. Rosenau, professor of preventive medicine, Harvard University; Mr. Wickliffe Rose, director of the International Health Board; Dr. Victor C. Vaughan, professor of hygiene, University of Michigan; Dr. Charles V. Chapin, Department of Health, Providence, R. I.; Dr. Richard P. Strong, professor of tropical medicine, Harvard University; Dr. Richard M. Pearce, professor of research medicine, University of Pennsylvania. Ex-officio members of the committee will be: Colonel Jefferson R. Kean, director general, department of military relief, and Dr. T. W. Richards, assistant director general, department of military relief. Permanent offices for the medical advisory committee will be opened in the Red Cross headquarters in Washington, in charge of Dr. Richard M. Pearce, who will act as secretary.

"SCIENCE and industry: the place of Cambridge in any scheme for their combination" was the subject of the Rede Lecture delivered at Cambridge by Sir R. T. Glazebrook, F.R.S., fellow of Trinity, and director of the National Physical Laboratory.

CHARLES HORTON PECK, former state botanist of New York, died at his home in Albany on July 11. Dr. Peck's official term of scientific service began in 1867, and extended over a period of forty-six years. He retired on account of illness and age in 1913, and at the time of his death was in his eighty-fifth year.

ALOIS VON ISAKOVITZ, an industrial chemist, known for his work on perfumes and flavoring materials, born in Bohemia in 1870, died at his home in Montecello, New York, on June 5.

EDWARD RANDOLPH TAYLOR, since 1877 a manufacturer of chemicals at Penn Yan, N.

Y., known for his work on the electric furnace and the determination of carbon in steel, and later for work on the conservation of water for power, has died at the age of seventythree years.

PHILIPPE DE VILMORIN, known for his work in plant and animal genetics and head of the well-known seed-growing establishment, died on June 30, at the age of forty-five years.

DR. VITALI, formerly professor of pharmaceutical chemistry in the University of Bologna, has died at Venice at the age of eightyfive.

WE learn from Nature that the late Lord Justice Stirling's herbarium, consisting chiefly of about 6,000 varieties of mosses and liverworts from many parts of the world, has been presented by Lady Stirling to the Tunbridge Wells Natural History Society.

FREE public lectures will be delivered in the lecture hall of the museum building of the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, on Saturday afternoons, at four o'clock during the summer as follows:

July 7. Wild flowers of summer, by Dr. N. L. Britton.

July 14. Plants grown by the American Indians, by Dr. A. B. Stout.

(Exhibition of Flowers, July 14 and 15.) July 21. Flowers for the summer garden, by Mr. G. V. Nash.

July 28. How the introduction of foreign plant diseases is prevented, by Mr. H. B. Shaw.

August 4. Floral and scenic features of Cuba, by Dr. M. A. Howe.

August 11. Books on gardening, by Dr. J. H. Barnhart.

August 18. Trees and flowers of the Yellowstone National Park, by Dr. P. A. Rydberg.

August 25. Insect enemies of plants, by Dr. F. J. Seaver.

(Exhibition of Gladioli, August 23-26.)

THE department of physics at the University of Illinois is giving the following popular lectures in the summer session on recent advances in physics:

Professor C. T. Knipp: The production of high vacua; discharge of electricity through gases; elec

trons and X-rays; the electrostatic and magnetic deflection of cathode rays (electrons); positive electricity.

Professor Jakob Kunz: The electron; Radiation; Photo-electricity.

Mr. Sebastian Karrer: X-rays and structure of crystals.

Mr. C. S. Fazel: Atomic models and chemical properties; Atomic models and radiation.

Mr. H. T. Booth: Temperature measurements. Mr. W. H. Hyslop: Wireless telegraphy. Professor J. W. Hornbeck (Carleton College): Electromagnetic waves.

Professor F. R. Watson: Acoustics of buildings; Acoustical phenomena.

THE Bureau of Fisheries announces the continuation of the investigation of lakes in Wisconsin, which is directed by Dr. E. A. Birge, of the University of Wisconsin. Dr. N. L. Gardner, of the University of California, is making a systematic and economic study of the marine algæ of the Pacific coast. A small allotment has been made for investigation of parasites of fishes in Oneida Lake, N. Y., in connection with the biological survey of that lake under the direction of Dr. C. C. Adams, of the New York State School of Forestry. Dr. J. J. Wolfe, of Trinity College, N. C., assisted by Mr. Bert Cunningham, will continue his studies of the plankton collections in Chesapeake Bay made by Lewis Radcliffe in connection with the extended survey of the bay. Mr. Willis H. Rich, of Stanford University, will continue the investigations of the habits and migrations of the Pacific salmons. Dr. J. E. Reighard, of the University of Michigan, will be engaged in studies of the breeding habits of fishes and will also direct investigation of the distribution and habits of salmonoid fishes of the Great Lakes, based in part upon field observation and collections and in part upon a study of scale characters. Among other investigations that will be continued in progress are those of Dr. A. H. Wright, of Cornell University, on the natural history and propagation of frogs, and Professor Trevor Kincaid, of the University of Washington, on the culture of oysters in Puget Sound.

UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL

NEWS

AT The Ohio State University, J. A. Bownocker, professor of inorganic geology and curator of the museum since 1901 and state geologist since 1906, has been made head of the department of geology to succeed the late Charles S. Prosser. J. E. Carman, Ph.D. (Chicago), assistant professor, has been made professor of historical geology and curator of the museum, and Arthur Bevan, A.B. (Ohio Wesleyan), for the past two years a graduate student at Chicago, has been made instructor in geology.

HAROLD VEACH BOZELL, director of the school of electrical engineering of the University of Oklahoma, who during the past year has been on sabbatical leave studying in Yale University, has been appointed to a chair in the Sheffield Scientific School. Associate Professor Lester William Wallace Morrow, of the University of Oklahoma, has been promoted to succeed Professor Bozell, and T. G. Tappan, now of Cornell University, has been appointed to the position of associate professor of electrical engineering in the University of Oklahoma.

AT Oberlin College, Robert E. McEwen, Ph.D. (Columbia, '17), was recently appointed instructor in the department of zoology.

L. D. BATCHELOR has been appointed professor of plant breeding in the University of California, his work being at the citrus station of the graduate school of tropical agriculture.

DR. ERNEST M. R. MANKEY, of the University of Illinois, has been appointed head of a new division of plant physiology at the Delaware College.

DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE THE USE OF PREHISTORIC CANADIAN ART FOR COMMERCIAL DESIGN

THE Archeological office of the Geological Survey, Department of Mines, Ottawa, is now prepared to show to Canadian manufacturers and their commercial artists a very complete series of several hundred examples of motives for decorative and symbolic designs and trade

Mr. Joseph Keele, of the ceramic laboratory of the department, has used some of these shapes and motives in the modelling of part of the vases made to test Canadian clays. Many of these pottery products after serving their purpose were given to the Women's Canadian Club, who sold them for the benefit of the Red Cross. At the sale there was a greater call for the vases made after these Canadian motives than for any of the others. Eighteen manufacturers, representing six totally different industries, a museum and an art school have already applied for copies of these motives. This is over 20 per cent. of those informed of the opportunity and one firm has already sent two representatives from Toronto to Ottawa to look into the matter. They express themselves as surprised at the quantity and usefulness of the material and have already selected motives for their designers to use.

This seems to prove that there is a demand for motives or inspiration for new and characteristic Canadian designs and trade marks. This demand we may expect to grow at the close of the war, when Canada makes special efforts to stand on an even footing with other countries in producing manufactures recognized all over the world as individually and characteristically her own.

These motives may be used as they are or may be conventionalized or dissected or multiplied or developed in several of these ways. Designers may use them as inspiration for designs which may be applied to fronts of buildings, gargoyles, fountains, terra cotta, pottery, china, ornamental work, cast iron railings, stoves, carpets, rugs, linoleum, wall paper, stencils, dress fabrics, lace, embroidery, neck