utilizing so far as possible the existing resources of public and private research organizations; (3) stimulate a general expansion in research by private organizations and institutions; (4) promote a wide flow of scientific and technical information to industry and business and agriculture; and (5) encourage the rapid introduction and full use of scientific discoveries and the most advanced techniques and inventions. Similarly, in a report to the President, Science The Endless Frontier, Vannevar Bush, Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, on July 5, 1945, proposed the creation of a permanent over-all Federal agency for the support of science.

On September 6, in his message to Congress, President Truman emphasized the importance of early legislative action to provide Federal support of science.

In order to initiate legislation necessary to provide adequate. Federal support for scientific research, both Senator Magnuson and I introduced last July separate bills to establish a national foundation. About the same time, Senator Fulbright introduced a bill to establish a Bureau of Scientific Research in the Department of Commerce. S. 1248 Fullbright-and S. 1295-Magnuson-were referred to two subcommittees of the Senate Commerce Committee, while S. 1297Kilgore, Johnson, and Pepper-was referred to the Senate Committee on Military Affairs and further referred to the subcommittee on War Mobilization.

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Because of the related character of these three bills, I have invited Senators Magnuson and Pepper and their subcommittees to participate in these joint hearings. Senator Fulbright has been asked to attend those hearings dealing with the subject matter of S. 1248.

In August of this year, the subcommittee prepared a summary entitled, "Legislative Proposals for the Promotion of Science." document contained the texts of S. 1248, S. 1285, and S. 1297, and in addition the texts of the related bills S. 825 and H. R. 3440. This summary, which has been reprinted as Senate Document No. 92, is available to all of you.

The two major bills proposing a national foundation reflect certain honest differences of opinion concerning the manner in which Federal support of science should be administered and protected. And like all original drafts of bills, they are susceptible of improvement both in specific provisions and in language. Further study of the problem had convinced both Senator Magnuson and me of the desirability of providing a working draft of an improved bill which I wish to insert in the record at this time.

(The matter referred to is as follows:)

79TH CONGRESS

1ST SESSION

S. 1297

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

JULY 23 (legislative day, JULY 9), 1945

Mr. KILGORE (for himself, Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado, and Mr. PEPPER) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs

AMENDMENT

(IN THE NATURE OF A SUBSTITUTE)

Intended to be proposed by Mr. KILGORE and Mr. MAGNUSON to the bill (S. 1297) to promote the progress of science and the useful arts, to secure the national defense, to advance the national health and welfare, and for other purposes, viz: Strike out all after the enacting clause and in lieu thereof insert the following:

That this Act may be cited as the "National Research Foundation Act of 1945".

DECLARATION OF POLICY

SEC. 2. The Congress hereby finds that a full development and application of the Nation's scientific and technical resources is essential for national defense and for national health and welfare. In order to achieve this goal, the Congress declares that among the objectives of this Act are the following:

(a) To provide adequate public support for, and otherwise encourage, scientific research and development activities in fields of recognized public interest, particularly national defense, health and the medical sciences, and the basic sciences. including the social sciences;

(b) To utilize in such research and development activities the facilities and resources of Government agencies and other organizations, particularly nonprofit educational institutions and research foundations, scientific societies, and State and local governmental agencies, and to cooperate with such agencies, organizations, institutions, foundations, and societies in promoting research and development activities;

(c) To encourage and enable young men and women of ability to take up science as a career;

(d) To assist Government agencies in achieving maximum effectiveness in their research and development activities, and in efficiently programing and coordinating all federally financed research and development;

(e) To compile and maintain a comprehensive inventory of the findings and other pertinent data resulting from federally financed scientific research and development activities, and of other information on scientific and technical advances in this country and abroad, and to make such scientific and technical information available to the public;

(f) To secure to the public the rights to inventions, discoveries, and patents resulting from federally financed research and development activities, and to promote a rapid introduction and fullest use of the most advanced and effective techniques, inventions, and discoveries;

(g) To cooperate with other nations in the support and encouragement of scientific research and development and in the application of the results of such research and development for the furtherance of international security and welfare.

NATIONAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION

SEC. 3. (a) There is hereby established an independent agency of the Federal Government to be known as the National Research Foundation (hereinafter referred to as the "Foundation"), and administered by a Director who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall receive compensation at the rate of $15,000 per annum. The President shall appoint a Deputy Director who shall perform the functions of the Director during his absence or when there is a vacancy in the office of Director, and shall perform such other duties as may be delegated to him by the Director. The Deputy Director shall receive compensation at the rate of $12,000 per annum.

(b) The Director, in exercising his authority under this Act, shall consult and advise with a National Science Board (hereinafter referred to as the "Board") on all matters of major policy or program. The Board shall consist of the Director, as Chairman; the heads of such Government agencies as the President may determine; and an equal number of public members appointed by the President. Heads of Government agencies who are members of the Board may designate alternates from their respective agencies to attend meetings of the Board and act for them in their absence. The Board shall meet not less than once a month. Public members shall be appointed for four-year terms; except that (1) at least half of the public members originally appointed shall be appointed for two-year terms, and (2) any public member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term of his predecessor shall be appointed for the remainder of such term.

(c) There shall be within the Foundation a Division of Health and Medical Sciences, a Division of Basic Sciences, a Division of National Defense, a Division of Scientific Personnel and Education, a Division of Publications and Information, and such additional divisions, not to exceed three in number, as the Director may from time to time establish. The functions of each division shall be prescribed by the Director. Each Division shall be headed by an Assistant Director, who shall be appointed by the Director and shall receive compensation at the rate of $12,000 per annum. For each Division, except the Division of National Defense, there shall be an advisory committee consisting of one or more representatives of each of such Government agencies as may be designated by the Director and an equal number of public members appointed by the Director. For the Division of National Defense there shall be an advisory committee consisting of such number of public members as may be appointed by the Director and an equal number of representatives of Government agencies, half of whom shall be selected from such Government agencies as may be designated by the Secretary of War and half of whom shall be selected from such Government agencies as may be designated by the Secretary of the Navy. The advisory committee for each Division shall advise and consult with the head of the Division and with the Director concerning the work of such Division. The Director may appoint such additional specialized scientific advisory committees as he deems necessary and appropriate for carrying out the provisions of this Act. In appointing public members to advisory committees, the Director may request appropriate scientific and technical organizations to submit panels of candidates from which he may make his selection.

(d) The Director shall appoint and fix the compensation of such additional personnel as he may deem necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. Such appointments shall be made and such compensation shall be fixed in accordance with the provisions of the civil-service laws and regulations and the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, except that, when deemed necessary by the Director for the effective administration of this Act, temporary consultants may be employed without regard to such laws. Public members of the Board and of any advisory committee established under the provisions of this Act shall serve without remuneration, except for per diem allowances (not to exceed $50), transportation, and other necessary expenses incurred while so engaged. No officer or employee of the Foundation or member of the Board or any advisory committee established under the provisions of this Act shall participate in any decision or recommendation affecting his personal financial interests or the activities of any organization in which he has a financial interest or by which he is employed.

(e) Officers and employees of the Foundation, members of the Board, members of advisory committees, and consultants employed by the Director, shall be chosen without regard to political affiliations and solely on the basis of their capacity to carry out the purposes of the Foundation and their fitness to perform the duties of their office.

SUPPORT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

SEC. 4. (a) The Director is authorized to enter into contracts or other arrangements pursuant to which he will finance, in whole or in part, from funds appropriated therefor, research and development activities to be carried on by other Government agencies or by other organizations. The Director, in promoting research and development activities, shall give particular attention to those relating to (1) national defense; (2) health and the medical sciences; (3) basic sciences, including social sciences; (4) the conservation, development, and use of