at Châteauroux.* The justice of the Monarch yielded to the prayer of the hero. On the other hand the Duke d'Enghien, now become Prince of Condé, and in the enjoyment of the great estates of the House of Brozé, which he must otherwise have restored to his mother, never protested against this sentence. The unhappy Clémence, therefore, remained in her prison. We find no details, no account of her last years; we know only that she died in April, 1694, and that she was buried in the Church of St. Martin, at Châteauroux. I caused a letter to be written with the view of obtaining from that town the inscription on her tomb; but the answer which I received in April, 1839, was as follows: "The Church of St. Martin was sold as national property. Some time after (no doubt, I conceive, in 1793), some ruffians forced open the chapel in which was the tomb of the Princess of Condé, carried off the leaden coffin, and scattered the remains. The proprietor of the church," adds my correspondent, "sold at Orleans, the marble tablet on which was the inscription for which you ask me. I have made researches at the library of the town, and among the archives of the Préfecture, for a copy of this inscription, but I could discover nothing of the kind.”

If

Such was the life, and such the death, of Louis de Bourbon and Claire Clémence de Maillé, Prince and Princess of Condé. I have now, as I hope, faithfully related their actions, I need not attempt to describe their characters-it is henceforth the reader's part to judge them.

* Gourville, Memoirs, vol. ii., p. 260. Mademoiselle regards this letter, with reason, as a blot on the memory of Condé. "I could have wished that he had not begged the King always to detain his wife at Châteauroux ; I regretted it extremely."

APPENDIX.

THE FOLLOWING LETTERS ARE PRINTED FROM THE ORIGINALS IN THE POSSESSION OF THE AUTHOR.

Lettre du Prince de Condé à son Beau-frère le Duc de Longueville.

à Vallery, ce 23 Juin, 1660. MONSIEUR,-J'ai reçu une lettre de Caillet par laquelle il me mande que M. le Cardinal lui avoit dit que le Roi partiroit le 14; qu'il seroit près de vingt jours à aller à Poitiers, et que de Poitiers il iroit à Blois par le droit chemin. C'est tout ce qu'il me mande, et qu'il ne me dépêchera d'exprès qu'après que la Cour sera à Bordeaux. Comme je vous crois à cette heure à Paris, vous en pourrez savoir davantage, vû même que mon frère y est. Ainsi c'est à vous à régler notre départ; je suis tout prêt pour cela, et je me trouverai à Orléans le jour que vous me le manderez. Je vous supplie donc après que vous aurez vu les gens qui vous en pourront éclaircir, de me mander le jour qu'il faudra que je m'y trouve; et je n'y manquerai pas. Je vous laisse le soin de tout cela, et suis,

Monsieur,

Votre très-humble et très affectionnée

Frère et Serviteur,

LOUIS DE BOURBON.

Lettre de la Princesse de Condé à son Père, le Maréchal Duc de

Brezé

Ce 18 Juillet, 1641.

MONSIEUR, MON TRES-CHER PERE, J'ai reçu un extrême déplaisir de n'avoir point eu l'honneur de vous dire adieu. J'ai

demeuré chez vous jusques à dix heures du soir pour recevoir ce contentement-là, avec celui de vous assurer que je ne désire rien au monde comme de vous pouvoir témoigner par mes très-humbles services combien je vous honore et de quelle sorte je vous respecterai toute ma vie, comme le doit,

Monsieur,

Votre très-humble et tres-affectionnée

Fille et Servante,

X DE MAILLÉ.

COMMENTARIES OF NAPOLEON ON SOME OF THE
CAMPAIGNS OF CONDE.

AMONG the Mélanges Historiques of Napoleon which were dictated at St. Helena to Count Montholon, and published in London (both in French and English) in 1823, is comprised a Précis des Guerres du Maréchal de Turenne (vol. iii., pp. 1-152). Such observations from this military Life of Turenne as bear upon the campaigns of his no less illustrious rival the Prince of Condé will be found extracted in the following pages.

CAMPAIGN OF 1644.

Observation 1.-Turenne should have encamped under Fribourg, which would have hindered Mercy from besieging that place. With so considerable an army, although inferior to that of Mercy, he might have done more than he did to defend Fribourg. He should at least have taken a position to intercept the enemy's convoys.

2.—The Prince of Condé infringed one of the maxims of mountain warfare: never to attack troops which occupy good positions in the mountains, but to dislodge them by occupying camps on their flanks or in their rear. Had he taken up a position commanding the Val de Saint-Pierre, Mercy would have been immediately compelled to take the offensive, which he could not have done with an inferior army; besides, that would have been returning to the principles of mountain warfare. He would, therefore, have been obliged to pass the Black Mountains to regain Wurtemberg, and to abandon the fortress of Fribourg, which would have been left to itself. The French army succeeded, on the first day, in forcing the first positions by unparalleled efforts of courage; but it failed on the next day but one, because, amongst mountains, when one position is lost, another of equal strength is immediately found to stop the enemy. tack, he should have attacked on the 4th, in the hope that

As the Prince of Condé meant to at

Mercy would not have had time enough to secure his new position.

3. Turenne's conduct, after the departure of the Prince of Condé, was skilful; he was, however, wonderfully seconded by the circumstances of the ground. The armies of Bavaria and Lorraine were separated by the Rhine and by mountains, and their junction was a difficult operation.

CAMPAIGN OF 1645.

Observation 1.-The Prince of Condé was wrong, at Nordlingen, in attacking Mercy in his camp, with an army almost entirely composed of cavalry, and with so little artillery: the attack of the village of Allerheim was a great undertaking. Although Condé's army was superior in cavalry, both armies were equal in infantry, and Mercy's wings were strongly supported. It is not extraordinary that Condé, without howitzers and with so little artillery, should have failed in all his attacks on Allerheim, when that place was supported, at the distance of 100 toises, by the line of battle; and all its houses, as well as the church and cemetery, embattled and defended by an infantry superior to the French, not only in number, but in quality. Had it not been for Mercy's death, the Bavarians would have remained masters of the field of battle, and the retreat of the Prince of Condé across the Wurtemberg Alps would have proved most fatal to his army.

2.-Notwithstanding the death of Mercy, the Bavarians would still have gained the victory, if John de Werth, on his return from pursuing the right wing of the French, had advanced against Turenne, not by first resuming his former position, and thus traversing two sides of the triangle, but by crossing the plain diagonally, leaving Allerheim on his right, and falling on the rear of the cavalry of Weimar, which was then engaged with Glein's Austrian troops. By this plan he would have succeeded; but he was not daring enough. The angle he made retarded his movement only half an hour; but the fortune of battles frequently depends on the slightest accident.

3. Notwithstanding the death of Count de Mercy, and the circumspection of John de Werth, the Bavarians would still have conquered, if the infantry, posted at the village of Allerheim, had