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David Pletcher of Indiana University was appointed a senior fellow of the National Archives for the 1972 fall semester to survey holdings dealing with economic relations between the United States and Latin America during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, thereby suggesting means for further utilization of those records by scholars.

Members of the National Archives staff also developed for fifth-grade students of District of Columbia schools a teaching unit introducing them to interesting documents as an aid to understanding American history. The success of the program led to preparation of a teaching unit on the revolutionary war period to use in secondary schools in the District.

Presidential Libraries

Some thirty-six hundred researchers visited the presidential libraries; nearly half of them worked at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library at Hyde Park, New York, where there was strong interest in newly opened holdings-the Roosevelt-Churchill correspondence and the White House papers of Eleanor Roosevelt. The five Roosevelt children and Secretary General of the United Nations Kurt Waldheim participated in the dedication of the new Eleanor Roosevelt wings of the library May 3, 1972. In October, Mrs. Roosevelt's papers for the post-White House years were opened.

At the Herbert Hoover Library in West Branch, Iowa, the privately organized Herbert Hoover Oral History Project is supplying transcripts of 405 interviews with friends and associates of the late president. A new research room will be built at the library; congressional committees have approved a 3,570-square-foot addition to cost $436,000.

Former President Harry S. Truman was buried on December 28 in the courtyard of the Truman Library in Independence, Missouri. In his will filed for probate, Truman

left to the United States, to be held in the Truman Library, papers from his long public career not previously donated to the nation; papers dealing with business and personal affairs were excluded. Earlier in the year, twenty volumes about the Truman era had been submitted for the biennial David D. Lloyd book award. The Harry S. Truman Library Institute awarded the $1,000 prize to Susan M. Hartmann for Truman and the 80th Congress.

Construction at the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library in Abilene, Kansas, doubled the size of the museum. Mrs. Eisenhower attended the dedication October 14, 1971, as did former President and Mrs. Lyndon Johnson. Robert Finch represented President Nixon. Meanwhile, John S. D. Eisenhower headed a committee which established guidelines for reviewing and opening President Eisenhower's papers at the library.

Despite the lack of a permanent building, the Kennedy Library expanded its activities in its temporary headquarters at Waltham, Massachusetts. The library director met with historians and archivists in the area to hear their suggestions for the future library building and programs. To commemorate the fifty-fifth anniversary of President Kennedy's birth, the library opened an exhibit of documents and photographs in the Federal Building in Boston on May 19, 1972.

On January 23, 1973, the late President Lyndon B. Johnson lay in state in the Johnson Library. The first segment of the holdings of the library-250,000 papers about education—were opened January 25, 1972. A symposium on civil rights was held at the library December 11-12 to mark the opening of six hundred linear feet of civil rights papers.

At the White House a small unit was engaged in identifying and assembling papers and other historical materials for the future Richard Nixon Library. An oral history project related to the early life of President Nixon was sponsored by the

Richard Nixon Foundation in cooperation with Whittier College.

Money Savers

Paperwork management specialists who provide technical assistance at the request of other federal agencies on such things as mechanizing and automating paperworkhandling systems, establishing information. retrieval systems, and improving reporting and information management systems handled 170 such requests during the year. The agencies served estimated costs of records operations were reduced by some $25 million through this professional records management aid.

Meanwhile, records managers who run the regional network of federal archives and records centers saved more than $13 million by moving records from high-cost to low-cost space. Transfers of records to the centers during the year cleared 968,200 square feet of office space, 246,900 square feet of storage space, 98,800 filing cabinets, 3,600 transfer cases, and 815,800 feet of shelving.

Records centers disposed of 997,000 cubic feet of unneeded records, a new high. A center was opened at Dayton, Ohio, raising the total to fifteen. And the San Francisco center moved to a newly constructed facility at San Bruno, California.

Publications

With a new format and less cumbersome prose the daily Federal Register has been attracting more and more subscribers. Paid circulation climbed from eleven thousand to more than twenty-three thousand in fifteen months. Other publications of the Office of the Federal Register include the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, Public Papers of the Presidents, U.S. Government Organization Manual, Guide to Record Retention Requirements, and slip laws.

The administrator of general services, on recommendations of the National Historical Publications Commission of which the archivist is chairman, granted $526,000 during the year to stimulate the publication of source materials of American history. The grants to twenty-eight universities, historical societies, and other nonprofit organizations support thirty-one letterpress and microfilm projects. Additionally, grants totaling $256,000 were made from the Ford Foundation fund given to the National Archives to support publication of the papers of Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and the Adams family. Interest realized from the Ford Foundation fund provided five fellowships in advanced historical editing.

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ACCESSIONS AND OPENINGS

Shortly after the Ninety-second Congress adjourned in October 1972, the House of Representatives transferred to the National Archives the greater part of its records. pertaining to the Ninety-first Congress (1969-70). The accession consists for the most part of general correspondence, legislative files, hearings, petitions and memorials, and other committee papers of the following standing and select committees: Agriculture, Armed Services, Banking and Currency, District of Columbia, Education and Labor, Foreign Affairs, Government Operations, House Administration, Interior and Insular Affairs, Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Judiciary, Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Post Office and Civil Service, Public Works, Rules, Science and Astronautics, Standards of Official Conduct, Veterans Affairs, Ways and Means, and Select Committee on Small Business.

With the records of the Ninety-first Congress, the National Archives also received from the Committee on Foreign Affairs printed copies of some of its old hearings, publications which can aptly be called rare imprints. Some of the hearings are of topical interest since they relate to conservation, with which the House was greatly concerned in the Ninety-first Congress; the 1914 titles include hearings on the preservation of Niagara Falls, the National Drainage Congress, United States-Canada fisheries, and the diversion of water from the Niagara River.

The National Archives has accessioned seventy-four cubic feet of documentation of the 1970 White House Conference on Children and Youth from its planning through its follow-up activities. Similar material relating to the 1960 conference was received last spring.

The records of the Commission on Population Growth and the American Future now in the National Archives document current national concern for the quality of future American life. Under the direction of John D. Rockefeller III, the commission investigated, for more than two years, social, political, and ecological consequences of continued uncontrolled population growth in the United States. Attention was focused on both ethical and practical considerations, including present American attitudes toward population growth and stabilization and the possible cost in human terms of the institution of various populationcontrol proposals. The current status of women and minorities, family planning and fertility control, and the impact of immigration were among the many issues discussed in depth. Included in these records are research papers, office files, newspaper clippings, and transcripts from the public hearings of the commission. They delineate the growing controversy over ways of ensuring "the good life" for the future population of the United States.

The Natural Resources Branch has recently accessioned the private papers of Earle H. Clapp, an official of the Forest Service during its formative years from 1905 until 1944. Clapp had many important assignments with the Forest Service, including that of associate chief and, during World War II, acting chief. The papers include documentation of the Forest Research Institute, the American Forestry Association, the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory and correspondence and reports concerning national forest programs and plans.

The existence of international cartels was an important consideration for the Allied governments during and after World War II. The files of Roy A. Prewitt, a Federal Trade Commission specialist on cartels, reflect various aspects of this problem and its resolution. The fourteen cubic feet of records cover the period 1939 to 1960. They are supplemented by material in the records of the Office of the Secretary of the Federal Trade Commission which document special studies made by that agency at the instance of the president in 1939 and 1940.

The National Archives has accessioned ten cubic feet of office files of the director of the National Bureau of Standards. The accession covers the period from 1945 to 1965 and provides an overview of the activities of the agency from the last year of World War II into an era of new programs of research. Most of the records pertain to the years 1945 to 1952 when Edward U. Condon was director of the bureau.

The Department of the Army on September 22 transferred to the Old Military Branch an amendment to War Department Special Order 266 of November 9, 1906, changing the discharges of 167 black enlisted men of the Twenty-fifth Infantry from "without honor" to "honorable," thus

clearing them of alleged involvement in the shooting incident that occurred at Brownsville, Texas, on August 13, 1906. War Department records in the branch were used by members of the staff of the Office of the Judge Advocate General to review the events and aftermath of the raid. Although they were not positively identified as the culprits, the 167 black soldiers were subjected to mass punishment by being discharged from the service "without honor." Previous efforts to have this action reversed, sponsored from time to time by interested individuals and members of Congress, had failed. Following the Department of the Army's reversal, the Veterans Administration made use of personnel records of the men affected to determine if they or their survivors are now eligible for veterans' benefits.

The following records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel in storage at the Washington National Records Center were formally accessioned from the Navy Department: five volumes of registers of applications for pensions, May 1867-August 1902; a one-volume register of applications for admission to the Naval Asylum at Philadelphia, 1885-98; a one-volume list of names of persons to whom permits were granted for admission. to the Naval Asylum at Philadelphia, July 1855-July 1862; and two volumes of registers of admissions to the Naval Asylum at Philadelphia, February 1841-June 1904. The records will help to fill gaps in National Archives holdings of records of the bureau and will be of special interest to genealogists.

Center for Polar Archives

The Center for Polar Archives has accessioned 225 cubic feet of research files, correspondence, photographs, maps, and library materials of the disestablished Division of History and Research of the U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica. The Of

fice of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation now has primary responsibility for the administration of the United States role in the polar regions. The center is conducting a survey and preparing to receive noncurrent records of the office.

Herbert Hoover Library

The Herbert Hoover Library has processed and opened for research the papers of Neil MacNeil, one of President Hoover's close friends and associates. MacNeil became the editorial director of the Second Hoover Commission (the United States Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government) in 1954 and served subsequently as Hoover's liaison with the various groups seeking to implement the recommendations of the commission. From 1964 to 1969 he served as one of Hoover's literary executors.

The papers consist of approximately thirty-three hundred pages of correspondence, clippings, copies and drafts of speeches by both President Hoover and MacNeil, and printed matter dealing with the activities of the Hoover Commission and the implementation of its recommendations. This collection adds depth to other papers and oral histories in the library's holdings dealing with the two Hoover Commissions.

The library recently obtained from the National Archives additional copies of records of the President's Organization on Unemployment Relief. This selection of nearly fifty-four thousand pages, combined with the Hoover presidential papers, gives the researcher information about early attempts at controlling the business cycle and providing relief. The Employment Conference of 1921-25 series within the Hoover commerce papers contains a well-documented look at the post-World War I antecedents of these responses to the depression of 1929.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library

The library has received from the White House two linear feet of files held for reference purposes by the White House central files when Roosevelt's papers were transferred to the library. The accession includes Official Files 50 and 50-Miscellaneous White House Executive Office, 62 Precedents, 101-B Powers of the President, 102 Automobiles, 240 Gifts to the Government, 282-B Presidential Flag, 398 Seal of the United States, and 398-B Seals of the President.

The library has also received fifteen linear feet of papers of Louis H. Bean, consisting of correspondence, memorandums, and statistical data from the period 1933 to 1953. Bean served as economic adviser to the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, counselor to the chief of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, and assistant to the director of the Board of Economic Warfare.

The library received thirty-three feet of papers of Gardner Jackson, consisting of correspondence, memorandums, and processed materials from the period 1927 to 1965. Jackson served briefly in the AAA Consumer's Counsel Office and later became chief adviser to the Southern Tenant Farmers Union.

The library received four linear feet of papers of John H. Fahey, consisting of correspondence and memorandums from the period 1944 to 1948. Fahey served as chairman of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and chairman of the board of directors of the Home Owners' Loan Corporation. The papers are largely concerned with the Federal Home Loan Bank Administration.

The library received about six linear feet of papers of John Cooper Wiley, consisting of correspondence, memorandums,

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