nition expended without orders, or not in the way of duty, or damaged by neglect, or lost, will be charged to the officer or man responsible for it.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 107, 108.]

188. Equipments must be fitted to the men under the direction of an officer, and will not otherwise be changed by cutting straps or punching holes. Knapsacks will be kept uniformly painted and marked according to the prescribed pattern.-[Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 103, 104, 110; G. O. 55, 1875.]

189. Varnish must not be used on any article of ordnance that is not so finished when issued from the arsenal.-[Ord. Man.]

MARKING.

190. Such articles as belong to companies are to be marked with the letter of the company and number and name of the regiment; and such as belong to men, with their individual numbers and the letter of the company.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 86.]

MESSING AND COOKING.

191. In camp or barracks, the company officers must visit the kitchen daily and inspect the kettles, and at all times carefully attend to the messing and economy of their respective companies. The commanding officer of the post or regiment will make frequent inspections of the kitchens and messes. These duties are of

the utmost importance-not to be neglected. Suggestions from the Medical officer, touching the improvement of the cooking in the interest of health, will be submitted in writing to the commanding officer.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 116; R. S., § 1174; vide Medical Dept.]

192. The kitchens should always be under the particular charge of a non-commissioned officer; and no one will be allowed to visit or remain in the kitchens except such as may come on duty or be employed as cooks.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 120.]

193. Cooks will be required to keep all utensils and mess furniture in order. The greatest care will be observed in cleaning and scouring cooking utensils; those of brass and copper will be lined with tin. Utensils or table equipage, when not in use, will be arranged in closets or recesses.-[Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 98, 118, 121.]

194. Special regulations for soldiers' fare cannot be made to suit each separate locality and circumstance. Good judgment and personal care on the part of the company officers are relied on to prevent waste or embezzlement. The ration as a whole is more than ample for all latitudes. By due economy some part of it can be saved, and the product of sale applied to provide such additional articles of diet as the peculiar locality may demand.-[G. O. 94, 1873.]

195. As an anti-scorbutic, vinegar is a most important part of be ration, and should be freely used at stations where fresh vegeare not easily obtained.-[G. O. 94, 1873.]

196. The bread must be thoroughly baked, and not eaten until it is cold. The soup must be boiled at least five hours, and the vegetables always cooked sufficiently to be perfectly soft and digestible.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 117.]

[The "Manual for Army Cooks," published by authority of the Secretary of War from the office of the Commissary General of Subsistence, contains comprehensive instruction in the art of cooking.]

197. The messes of prisoners will be sent to them by the cooks. -[Regs. 1863, ¶ 119.]

198. On marches and in the field, the only mess furniture of the soldier will be one tin plate, one tin cup, and one knife, fork, and spoon to each man, to be carried by himself on the march.[Regs. 1863, ¶ 122.]

SOLDIERS DETACHED.

199. Justice to enlisted men who are separated from their companies requires that they have with them descriptive lists showing the pay due them, their clothing accounts, and every information that would be required in settling with the Government should they be discharged. When it can be avoided, such papers will not be given into the soldier's hands, but will be intrusted to an officer or a non-commissioned officer, if one be in charge of the soldier.-[G. O. 30 and 86, 1862.]

COMPANY BOOKS.

200. The following are the books to be kept with a company: One Order Book, one Letter Book, one Index of Letters Received, one Morning Report Book, one Sick Report (furnished from Adjutant General's Office), one Clothing Book, and one Descriptive Book. One page of the Descriptive Book will be appropriated to the list of officers; two to the non-commissioned officers; two to the register of men transferred; four to register of men discharged; two to register of deaths; four to register of deserters; the rest to the company description list.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 127; G. Ó. 75, 1870.]

ARTICLE XX.

FURLOUGHS TO SOLDIERS.

201. Under authority of the 11th Article of War furloughs for twenty days may be granted by the commanding officer of the post or the commanding officer of the regiment actually quartered with the portion of it to which the soldier belongs. Furloughs may be prohibited at the discretion of the officer in command. They are not to be granted to soldiers about to be discharged.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 190.] 202. A Department Commander may grant furloughs to enlisted men for two months; a Military Division Commander for three

months, or he may extend to three months a furlough granted by a Department Commander under his command. The General of the Army may grant furloughs not to exceed four months, or extend to four months a furlough already granted.

203. Furloughs will not be granted by any commanding officer to go beyond the limits of the next highest command. To warrant a soldier in going beyond such limits the sanction of the higher authority must previously be indorsed on his furlough. A furlough must have the approval of the Secretary of War to enable the soldier to go beyond the limits of the United States. The prescribed limits will be stated in the furlough, and if exceeded the man will be liable to arrest and the revocation of his furlough.-[G. O. 49, 1874.]

204. Officers should use a proper discrimination in granting furloughs to prevent, as far as possible, soldiers on furlough from reporting at points far distant from their stations without the means of traveling back. Department Commanders are authorized to send men reporting under such circumstances to a military post or depot when there is a probability that they can soon be sent with a detachment to the vicinity of their posts.-[G. O. 3, 1867.]

205. In cases of special urgency, where it shall seem most judicious, and the applicant can show sufficient cause for his inability to pay his own expenses, Department Commanders, in the exercise of a sound discretion, may order transportation tickets to be purchased by the Quartermaster for furloughed soldiers, and where this is done a report of the amount paid for such transportation will be made by letter to the company commander, who will charge the same against the soldier's pay on the next muster-day. The same amount, together with the date when the soldier reported himself, will be entered on his furlough.-[G. O. 3, 1867; G. O. 49, 1874.]

206. Soldiers on furlough shall not take with them their arms or accoutrements.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 191.]

207. No payments must be made to enlisted men on furlough, on their descriptive lists, without special authority from the Adjutant General.-[G. O. 26, 1862.]

of

9

State of

day of

he having received a furlough from theto the day of at which period he will rejoin his company or regiment at or wherever it then may be, or be considered a deserter. Subsistence has been furnished to said and pay to the

day of

Given under my hand at

to the

day of

both inclusive.

this

day of

18-.

[Signature of the officer giving the furlough.]

[Regs. 1863, ¶ 192.]

ARTICLE XXI.

TRANSFERS OF SOLDIERS.

209. Transfers of enlisted men will be made only for cogent reasons; when made, they will be effected in the following man

ner:

1. From one regiment to another, and between companies of the same regiment when serving in different Military Divisions, by the General of the Army.

2. The Colonel may, upon the application of the Captains, transfer a non-commissioned officer or soldier from one company of his regiment to another, with the consent of the Department Commander in case of change of post within the Department, or of the Division Commander if the posts are in different Departments of the same Military Division.-[Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 145, 146; A. G. O., July, 1872, and July, 1873.]

210. Transfers will take effect from the first of the month, and a complete descriptive roll will accompany the soldier transferred.[Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 147, 148.]

ARTICLE XXII.

DESERTERS.

211. Deserters absconding from, or received at, any post other than the station of the company or detachment to which they belong shall be promptly reported by the commanding officer of such post to the commander of their companies or detachments. If the deserters be recruits unattached, the required report will be made to the Adjutant General.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 155.]

212. When an enlisted man surrenders himself as a deserter from the Army he shall be critically examined by a medical officer at the post at which he surrenders himself, or to which he may be sent by proper authority, with a view to ascertain whether he is afflicted with any chronic disease or disability which unfits him for the military service. The report of the medical officer will be submitted to the Commander of the Department in which the post is situated, by whom it will be forwarded, with his remarks

and recommendation, to the Adjutant General of the Army.—[G. 0. 8, 1881.]

213. When a report is received of the apprehension or surrender of a deserter at any post other than the station of the company or detachment to which he belonged, the con mander of such company or detachment shall immediately forward his descriptive roll and account of clothing to the officer making the report.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 155.]

214. A reward of thirty dollars will be paid for the apprehension and delivery of a deserter to an officer of the Army at the most convenient post or recruiting station. This reward will include the remuneration for all expenses incurred in apprehending, securing, and delivering the deserter. Its payment will be promptly reported by the disbursing officer to the officer in whose company the deserter is mustered, and to the authority competent to order his trial. When enlisted men are sent in pursuit of a deserter, the expenses necessarily incurred will be paid, whether he be apprehended or not, and will be reported as in payment of rewards.-[Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 156, 157; G. O. 325, 1863.]

215. Rewards and expenses paid for apprehending a deserter will be set against his pay upon conviction by a Court-Martial of desertion or upon his restoration to duty without trial on such condition. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 160; A. G. O., July 29, 1871.]

216. Where a soldier, for whose apprehension as a supposed deserter the reward of $30 has been paid, is brought to trial under a charge of desertion and acquitted, or convicted of absence without leave only, the amount of the reward shall not be stopped against his pay.-G. O. 21, 1880.]

217. Deserters shall make good the time lost by desertion, unless discharged by competent authority. They will be considered as again in service upon return as deserters to military control.— [Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 158, 161.]

218. No deserter shall be restored to duty without trial, except by authority competent to order the trial.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 159.]

219. Deserters will be brought to trial with the least practicable delay. While awaiting trial they shall receive only the clothing absolutely necessary, and no pay.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 162; G. O. 16, 1865; G. O. 4, 1874.]

220. Enlisted men who have absented themselves from their regiments, companies, or posts, without authority, shall, upon conviction by Court-Martial, make good the time lost by such absence. -[G. O. 16, 1865.]

221. When men again enlist while deserters from a former enlistment, their period of service during such unlawful enlistment cannot, under the 50th Article of War, be counted in making good the time lost by their desertion.—[G. O. 4, 1874.]

222. Whenever a soldier deserts the service, prompt investigation shall be made by a Board of Survey to ascertain what articles