penalties against pillage, and the taking or appropriation of property for private purposes, whether the offense be committed within the United States or in an enemy's country.-[Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 21; Arts. War 42, 55, 58.] 1078. All property, public or private, lawfully taken from the enemy, or from the inhabitants of an enemy's country, by the forces of the United States, instantly becomes the public property of the United States, and must be used and accounted for as such.-[Art. War 9; Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 21.] 1079. It is forbidden to purchase horses without ascertaining the right of the party to sell. Stolen horses shall be restored. Estrays, in the enemy's country, when the owner is not discovered, are taken for the Army.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 786.] 1080. Officers will be held strictly responsible that all property taken from alleged enemies by them, or with their authority, is inventoried and duly accounted for. If the property taken be claimed as private, receipts must be given to the claimants or their agents, and it must be accounted for in the same manner as any public property.-[Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 22.] 1081. When a foraging party is sent out for provisions or other stores, the commanding officer will be held accountable for the conduct of his command, and that a true report is made of all the property taken.-[Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 23.] 1082. No officer or soldier will, without authority, leave his colors or ranks, to take private property, or to enter a private house for that purpose. All such acts are punishable with death, and any officer who shall permit them will be equally guilty with the actual pillager.-[Art. War 42; Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 24.] SAFEGUARDS. 1083. Safeguards are protections granted to persons or property in foreign parts by the commanding general, or by other commanders within the limits of their command.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 788.] 1084. Safeguards are usually given to protect hospitals, public establishments, establishments of religion, charity, or instruction, museums, depositories of the arts, mills, post-offices, and other institutions of public benefit; also to individuals whom it may be the interest of the Army to respect.-[Art. War 57; Regs. 1863, ¶ 789.] 1085. A safeguard may consist of one or more men of fidelity and firmness, generally non-effective non-commissioned officers, furnished with a paper setting out clearly the protection and exemptions it is intended to secure, signed by the commander giving it, and his Staff officer; or it may consist of such paper, delivered to the party whose person, family, house, and property it is designed to protect. These safeguards must be numbered and registered.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 790.] 1086. The men left as safeguards by one corps may be replaced by another. They are withdrawn when the country is evacuated; but if not, they have orders to await the arrival of the enemy's troops, and apply to the commander for a safe conduct to the outposts. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 791.] 1087. Form of a safeguard: By authority of A safeguard is hereby granted to [A. B- —; stating precisely the place, nature, and description of the person, property, or buildings.] All officers and soldiers belonging to the Army of the United States are therefore commanded to respect this safeguard, and to afford, if necessary, protection to [the person, family, or property of · as the case may be.] Given at Headquarters, the C. D [Fifty-seventh Article of War.] Whosoever, belonging to the Armies of the United States in foreign parts, or at any place within the United States or their Territories during rebellion against the supreme authority of the United States, forces a safeguard, shall suffer death.-[Regs. 1863, ¶792.] MILITARY EXERCISES. 1088. When troops remain in camp or cantonment many days, the commanding officers of regiments will require them to be exercised in the school of the battalion. The troops must not be exercised at the firings without the authority of the General commanding-in-chief. The practice of the drums must never begin with the "general," or the "march of the regiment;" nor the trumpets with the sound "to horse." The hour for practice is always announced.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 555.] GENERAL POLICE. 1089. Persons with the Army, such as guides of the country, interpreters, &c., but not officers or soldiers, will carry about them certificates of their employment from the headquarters employing them.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 783.] 1090. Private servants will not be allowed to wear the uniform of any corps of the Army, but each will be required to carry with him a certificate from the officer who employs him, verified, for regimental officers, by the signature of the Colonel; for other officers under the rank of Colonel, by the chief of their corps or department.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 782.] 1091. Deserters from the enemy, after being examined, will be secured for some days, as they may be spies in disguise; as opportunities offer, they will be sent to the rear; after which, if they are found lurking about the Army, or attempting to return to the enemy, they will be treated with severity.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 784.] 1092. The arms and accoutrements of deserters will be turned over to the Ordnance Department, and their horses to the corps in want of them, after being branded with the letters "U. S." The compensation to be accorded to deserters, for such objects, will be according to appraisement made under the direction of the Quartermaster's Department.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 785.] 1093. The enlistment of deserters from the enemy, without express permission from General Headquarters, is prohibited.— [Regs. 1863, ¶ 785.] 1094. Plundering and marauding, at all times disgraceful to soldiers, when committed on the persons or property of those whom it is the duty of the Army to protect, become crimes of such enormity as to admit of no remission of the awful punishment which the military law awards against offenses of this nature.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 787.] POLICE GUARD. 1095. In each regiment a police guard is detailed every day, consisting of two Sergeants, three Corporals, two drummers, and men enough to furnish the required sentinels and patrols. The men are taken from all the companies-from each in proportion to its strength. The guard is commanded by a Lieutenant, under the supervision of a Captain, as regimental officer of the day. It furnishes ten sentinels at the camp-one over the arms of the guard; one at the Colonel's tent; three on the color front, one of them over the colors; three, fifty paces in rear of the field officers' tents; and one on each flank, between it and the next regiment. If it is a flank regiment, one more sentinel is posted on the outer flank.— [Regs. 1863, ¶ 573.] 1096. An advanced post is detached from the police guard, composed of a Sergeant, a Corporal, a drummer, and nine men to furnish sentinels and the guard over the prisoners. The men are the first of the guard roster from each company. The men of the advanced post must not leave it under any pretext. Their meals are sent to the post. The advanced post furnishes three sentinels -two a few paces in front of the post, opposite the right and left wing of the regiment, posted so as to see as far as possible to the front, and one over the arms.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 574.] 1097. In the Cavalry, dismounted men are employed in preference on the police guard. The mounted men on guard are sent in succession, a part at a time, to groom their horses. The advanced post is always formed of mounted men.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 575.] 1098. In each company a Corporal has charge of the stableguard. His tour begins at retreat, and ends at morning stable-call. The stable-guard is large enough to relieve the men on post every two hours. They sleep in their tents, and are called by the Corporal when wanted. At retreat the Corporal closes the streets of the camp with cords, or uses other precautions to prevent the escape of loose horses. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 576.] 1099. The police guard and the advance post pay the same honors as other guards. They take arms when an armed body approaches.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 578.] 1100. The sentinel over the colors has orders not to permit them to be moved except in presence of an escort; to let no one touch them but the color-bearer, or the Sergeant of the police guard when he is accompanied by two armed men.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 579.] 1101. The sentinels on the color front permit no soldier to take arms from the stacks, except by order of some officer, or a noncommissioned officer of the guard. The sentinel at the Colonel's tent has orders to warn him, day or night, of any unusual movement in or about the camp.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 580.] 1102. The sentinels on the front, flanks, and rear see that no soldier leaves camp with horse or arms unless conducted by a noncommissioned officer. They prevent non-commissioned officers and soldiers from passing out at night, except to go to the sinks, and then mark if they return. They arrest, at any time, suspicions persons prowling about the camp, and at night every one who attempts to enter, even the soldiers of other corps. Arrested persons are sent to the officer of the guard, and by him, if necessary, to the officer of the day.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 581.] 1103. The sentinels on the front of the advanced post have orders to permit neither non-commissioned officers nor soldiers to pass the line without reporting at the advanced post; to warn the advanced post of the approach of any armed body, and to arrest all suspicious persons. The Sergeant sends persons so arrested to the officer of the guard, and warns him of the approach of any armed body.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 582.] 1104. The sentinel over the arms at the advanced post guards the prisoners, and suffers no one to converse with them without permission. They are only permitted to go to the sinks one at a time, and under a sentinel.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 583.] 1105. If any one is to be passed out of camp at night, the officer of the guard sends him under escort to the advanced post, and the Sergeant of the post has him passed over the chain.[Regs. 1863, ¶ 584.] 1106. At retreat, the Sergeant of the police guard, accompanied by two armed soldiers, folds the colors and lays them on the trestle in rear of the arms. He sees that the trader's stores are then closed, and that the men leave them; also that the kitchen fires are put out at the appointed hour.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 585.] 1107. The officer of the day satisfies himself frequently during the night of the vigilance of the police guard and advanced posts. He prescribes patrols and rounds to be made by the officer and noncommissioned officers of the guard. The officer of the guard orders them when he thinks necessary. He visits the sentinels frequently. -[Regs. 1863, ¶ 586.] 1108. At reveille, the Sergeant replants the colors in place. At retreat and reveille the advanced post takes arms; the Sergeant makes his report to the officer of the guard when he visits the post.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 587.] 1109. When necessary, the camp is covered at night with small outposts, forming a double chain of sentinels. These posts are under the orders of the commander of the police guard, and are visited by his patrols and rounds.-[Regs. 1853, ¶ 588.] 1110. When the regiment marches, the men of the police guard return to their companies, except those of the advanced post. In the Cavalry, at the sound "boots and saddles," the officer of the guard sends one-half the men to saddle and pack; when the regiment assembles, all the men join it.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 590.] 1111. When the camping-party precedes the regiment, and the new police guard marches with the camping-party, the guard, on reaching the camp, forms in line thirty paces in front of the centre of the ground marked for the regiment. The officer of the guard furnishes the sentinels required by the commander of the campingparty. The advanced post takes its station.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 591.] THE PICKET. 1112. The detail for the picket is made daily, after the details for duty of the first class, and from the next for detail on the roster of that class. It is designed to furnish detachments and guards unexpectedly called for in the twenty-four hours; it counts as a tour of the first class to those who have marched on detachment or guard, or who have passed the night in bivouac.—[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 593.] 1113. Detachments and guards from the picket are taken from the head of the picket-roll in each company, and, if possible, equally from each company. The picket of a regiment is composed of a Lieutenant, two Sergeants, four Corporals, a drummer, and about forty privates. For a smaller force, the picket is in proportion to the strength of the detachment.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 595.] 1114. Officers and men of the picket who march on detachment or guard before retreat will be replaced.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 596.] 1115. The picket is assembled by the Adjutant at guard-mounting; it is posted twelve paces in rear of the guard, and is inspected by its own commander. When the guard has marched in review, the commandant of the picket marches it to the left of the police guard, where it stacks its arms, and is dismissed; the arms are |