the berberry, which, with the copper beech, the purple oak, and the purple-leaved nut, are acquisitions to every collection of shrubs or ornamental trees; their dark and singular foliage contrasting prettily with other trees.

Mr. Rivers cultivates great quantities of seedling trees and shrubs, as well as pines, spruces, larches, &c., &c., and we saw numerous beds of them in full growth. In the houses we saw fine plants of the weeping Thùja, T. filiformis, and also Cedrus Deodara. Thùja filifórmis, if it should prove hardy in our climate, will be a highly beautiful evergreen; its long slender trailing stems, reaching quite on to the ground. Some of the more beautiful shrubs we noted were,

Robínia hispida màjor, much handsomer than the common

rose acacia.

Amygdalus pérsica nàna, the dwarf Orleans peach, grows only two inches in a season, and bears fruit in pots.

Juniperus virginiàna péndula, a beautiful drooping variety, originated near Sawbridgeworth.

Quércus cérris lasciniàta, an elegant variety, with deeply cut leaves.

Quércus cérris fulhaménsis péndula, raised from seed, in Mr. Rivers's nursery.

Tilia europæ'a macrophylla. A splendid variety of the lime, with immensely large leaves, and of vigorous habit.

Cérasus Malahéb. A pretty tree, and used extensively here, for grafting the cherry, for dwarfing, or forcing in pots; And many other trees equally deserving.

There are several ranges of propagating houses, besides numerous pits and frames for raising seedlings, protecting young plants, &c. Two or three houses are devoted to the propagation of roses. The collection of azaleas, and rhododendrons, is enriched by the best Belgian kinds, and also by seedlings. We noticed, too, fine plums of A. índica Gledstanèsii, and other new and fine kinds. In the rear of the houses, the ground is cut up by numerous hedges, and these serve both to protect the plants, which are set between them, from the wind and sun. If such hedges are necessary in the climate of England, how much more so are they here, where the winds are generally stronger and the sun's rays much hotter. Our nurserymen might copy after Mr. Rivers and

others of their profession abroad with great benefit to themselves.

Mr. Rivers's grounds are extensive, and kept in very good order; they embrace many acres, and a variety of soils adapted to different trees. We only regret that we did not have the pleasure of finding Mr. Rivers at home.

(To be continued.)

ART. II. Pomological Notices; or notices respecting new and superior fruits, mostly of general cultivation. Descriptions and engravings of six varieties of pears. By the EDITOR.

WE continue our descriptions of pears from our last volume (X. p. 301), and now add six varieties. Our absence from home last season prevented us from making several additions to our collection of drawings, and among the number that of the Van Mons Leon le Clerc, of which some fine specimens were produced by Mr. Cushing. We have, however, a great many drawings already on hand, from which we shall continue to make selections till the returning season, when we shall endeavor to add all the new and approved

sorts.

We have drawings of three new pears which we saw in Paris, and of which we ate the fruit. These we shall notice in our remarks on the French nurseries; but we prefer to give all our descriptions, as well as make our drawings from specimens produced in our climate.

31. BEURRE DE CAPIAUMONT. Hort. Soc. Cat. 2d and 3d Eds.

Much confusion has existed relative to this pear in American collections. Until within a few years it was quite un

known.

Another variety now known as the Frederic of Wurtemberg, was cultivated as the Capiaumont until the late Mr. Manning discovered the error. This mistake is said to have been made by the late Mr. Knight, who forwarded grafts to the late John Lowell, from whom it was distributed in the vicinity of Boston. The known accuracy of Mr. Knight, for a long time induced cultivators to believe it was the true Capiaumont, though it differed from the description and figure in the Pomological Magazine; but after a full comparison with fruit from trees received from other sources, the error was detected by Mr. Manning. Under the name of the Capiaumont we cultivated the Frederic of Wurtemberg for two years. Since we have seen the true Capiaumont growing, it has astonished us that the mistake should so long have remained undiscovered. No two pears, in their leaves, wood, and growth, could be much more unlike than these; for, while the leaves of the Capiaumont are oblong, narrow, much folded and recurved, with fine serratures; those of the Frederic of Wurtemberg are roundish, broad, flat, and without serratures. The Capiaumont is figured in the Pomological Magazine, Pl. 59, but so much more highly colored than the fruit in general, that it has the brilliant appearance of the Wurtemberg.

The Capiaumont (fig. 10, p. 174) was first sent to England in 1820, by M. Parmentier, of Enghien, when specimens were exhibited before the London Horticultural Society. Their great beauty excited much admiration, and measures were immediately taken to procure scions. But like most of the first attempts to procure new fruits, they were unsuccessful, and in their place were received the Beurré Rance, Napoleon, and others, only a few scions proving the true kind. It is said to have been originated by M. Capiaumont of Mons.

Size, medium, about three inches long, and two and a half inches in diameter: Form, pyramidal, largest near the eye, and diminishing regularly into the stem: Skin, smooth, fair, light yellow, with occasional patches of russet interspersed over the surface, and sometimes red on the sunny side: Eye, large and prominent: Stem, long, about one and a half inches, rather thick and smooth, and set upon the surface of the fruit: Flesh, yellowish, fine, juicy and melting: Flavor,

rich and perfumed. Ripe in October and November. Wood, clear reddish brown, sprinkled with white spots.

It suc

Fig. 10. Capiaumont Pear.

ceeds well on the quince or pear stock, and is one of the most abundant bearers.

32. FREDERIC OF WURTEMBERG. Book of Fruits, No. 54.

This most beautiful pear (fig. 11) is of Flemish origin, and was first sent to this country by Mr. Knight, under the erroneous name of Capiaumont. Scions subsequently received from Dr. Van-Mons have proved it to be the Frederic of Wurtemberg, of his MSS. catalogue. No mention is made of such a pear in either of the editions of the London Horticultural Society's Catalogue, and unless one called the Frederic of Prussia is the same, it does not exist in that extensive collection.

The Frederic of Wurtemberg was raised by Dr. Van Mons, and so named by him in honor of Frederie, King of Wurtemberg. It is, perhaps, one of the very handsomest of pears, having a rich waxy skin, beautifully shaded with bright red ; it is also of excellent quality.

Size, large, three inches long, and three inches in diameter: Form, pyramidal, full and broad around the eye, taper

Fig. 11. Frederic of Wurtemberg Pear.

ing regularly into the stem: Skin, slightly uneven, pale yellow, broadly suffused on the sunny side with bright crimson, approaching to vermilion, through which appear small whitish dots, the surface having a few scattered patches of russet; Stem, medium length, about an inch, knobby, fleshy at the base, where it is somewhat wrinkled, appearing a continuation of the fruit: Eye, medium size, closed, and slightly depressed; segments of the calyx round and short: Flesh, white, fine, melting and buttery: Flavor, rich and excellent, with an agreeable perfume: Core, large: Seeds, very large, light brown. Ripe in September and October. The wood grows very strong and upright, of a yellow color, and it comes into bearing quite early.

33. DUCHESSE DE MARS. Hort. Soc. Cat. 2d and 3d Editions.

The Duchess of Mars (fig. 12) is a pear of rather recent introduction to notice, and we do not find it anywhere des