with the credulity of our co-laborers or the public, but giving them the true result whatever that may be.

Flushing, L. I., March 3, 1845.

ART. III. Notices of Culinary Vegetables, new or recently introduced, worthy of general cultivation in private gardens, or for the market. By the EDITOR.

WE Continue our notices of new vegetables. Our last article appeared last season (Vol. X, p. 96,) when we gave an account of several new peas and cabbages. During the last year or two, a variety of new vegetables have been brought into notice, and several of them have been recommended as great improvements upon the older kinds; some, which we have tried ourselves, we have tested to be very superior productions.

PEAS. Flack's Dwarf Victory.-Among the new kinds which were noticed last season, was one called Flack's Victory. This has proved to be a very fine pea, an improvement upon the Blue Imperial, and we can highly recommend it.

Prince Albert is now established as the earliest variety in cultivation, and must take the place of all others for the first sowing.

Among the new kinds of the present year, is one called Waite's Queen of Dwarfs, which is stated to be three times the size of any other dwarf pea in cultivation.

CAULIFLOWERS.-The varieties of the cauliflower have been greatly improved within a few years, and now not less than a dozen kinds are found in the catalogues; the most noted are the following:

Walcherin.-A new variety, producing large, compact, lily-white heads, of a most delicious flavor, perfectly hardy [in England] requiring no hand glasses; it not only produces a better quality, but a much larger quantity on the same space of ground as the old kinds of cauliflower. This is the account given of this variety, and we recommend a trial of it.

The Large Asiatic is a very fine variety, producing immense heads of flowers.

BROCOLIS.-The varieties of this vegetable have also much increased, and the kinds now very highly recommended, are Grange's New Early White, Bowle's Sulphur, Miller's Dwarf, Ne Plus Ultra, and the true Wilcove Brocoli; the latter very fine for spring use.

BEETS.-White's Superb New Deep Red.-It has always been the aim of cultivators to procure beets of the deepest and richest color; and, in the selection of seeds, this has been the end in view; but the great tendency to degenerate and become lighter colored, has required a great deal of care, on the part of the seed-grower, to keep his seed pure. White's new deep red is a great improvement upon the old Blood beet; the color being very much darker, and the growth more vigorous; we saw a bed of it last autumn, and although the tops did not indicate a dark variety, upon cutting the roots, we found them of the deepest crimson. We can recommend it as a very superior variety.

The Bassano Beet which we have already noticed (Vol. IX., p. 99), is also a valuable variety for its earliness and beauty, and should be planted for the first crop.

TOMATOES.-The New Giant Red.-This is a very large and splendid variety of the common tomato, producing fruit which weigh a pound each. We first saw it in New York in the fall of 1842, and mentioned it in our notice of some of the gardens of that vicinity. In the autumn of 1843, Mr. Maynard, of Brooklyn, gave us a few seeds, from which we raised some splendid specimens last year; it is equally as fine flavored as the common red, and its great size gives it a high value over that.

A variety of small kinds of the tomato are now cultivated, some of which are very good; but none of them can compare with the Giant red, only as forming a variety for the garden.

CUCUMBERS.-The great attention which has within a few years been given to the cucumber, in England, has caused the production of a great number of new kinds, possessing all the good qualities of size, abundant product, and earliness of bearing; of the great number which have taken prizes,

we have tried several, and have found the following very fine sorts: Superb White Spine, Victory of Suffolk, Roman Emperor, Weeden's Prize. They produce fruit from fifteen to twenty-four inches long. A new variety received this season called the Race Horse, is stated to be thirty-three inches long. We shall report upon it after a trial.

CELERY. After the great satisfaction which Seymour's Superb White has given, it would seem unnecessary to notice other sorts, but, notwithstanding its excellence, in some soils it does not do so well as in others, and other varieties may sometimes succeed better. We would recommend a variety called the Lion's Paw, which is very hardy, and excellent, producing solid stems of fine size.

LETTUCE.-The New Bath Cos.-The Cos lettuces are but little cultivated, compared with the other sorts: in general, they do not head well, but run up to seed. The Bath Cos has not the tendency to do so of others of its class; and although it is quite new, we would recommend a trial of it by all those who like a very superior lettuce; if it should head well, with proper cultivation, it must become extensively cultivated, from the delicacy and tenderness of its heads.

CABBAGES.-Waite's New Early Dwarf.-Among the new cabbages of recent introduction is one under this name, which is stated to be a very superior variety, being early, dwarf in its growth, and fine flavored. The new Victoria is another variety, early, of dwarf habit, and delicious flavor, highly

spoken of in England.

Some other new ones are advertised, but we reserve our notice of them till we have tried them ourselves.

ART. IV. Remarks on re-establishing grafted Fruit Trees on their own Roots, especially applicable to Apples and Pears. Translated from the Revue Horticole, Tom. V., No. 30. By A. J. DOWNING, Botanic Garden and Nursery, Newburgh, N. Y.

A TREE is said to have re-rooted, whenever the grafted part, having been buried some distance below the surface of the

new ones.

soil, throws out roots, which acquire in time so much vigor and strength, that those of the primitive tree, or stock, gradually become decomposed, and serve for nourishment to the We know that many trees and shrubs, indigenous and exotic, re-root themselves in this way, without the assistance of art. This phenomenon is sometimes seen also, in fruit trees; especially those grafted upon quince stocks, and in apples dwarfed on paradise stocks.

I have noticed that this re-rooting is an immense advantage to trees which occupy a soil not well adapted to their longevity or vigor; in this case, art should assist the re-rooting in the following manner:

At the time of planting the trees, the graft should be inserted a few inches below the surface of the soil; two or three years afterwards, during the summer, and at the time when the descending sap is most abundant, which is usually in July, the earth should be removed at the foot of each tree, so as to lay bare the swelling of the graft; after which, several incisions should be made with a sharp gouge, raising up from below, several tongues of the thickness of the bark and alburnum; this operation will give them a concave form, of which the length will be at least double the width; these incisions should be multiplied, according to the size of the trees upon which the operation is performed; but more than a quarter of the bark should never be removed. These wounds should be immediately covered with the richest soil; one-fourth cow-manure, to three-fourths of fresh loam, well mixed, are, in my opinion, the best and simplest application; one or two shovels full of this mixture are sufficient to cause the tree to throw out a large quantity of roots, which, shooting down into the natural soil, sustain the life of the trees during a considerable time.

It is to be regretted that this method is not employed at this day with young trees in our gardens and orchards, where we sometimes see a few trees which have naturally re-rooted, and are growing with remarkable vigor; while, beside them, we see the same kinds living only upon their first roots, languishing during their short existence, and then dying, with an enlargement at the union of the graft with the stock. This swelling seems to invite the cultivator to perform, at

this point, the operation indicated above; which operation it is to be regretted that the prejudices of many persons prevent them from putting into practice. It is also the custom to plant trees so that their grafts are above ground, which is admissible for many trees, the habit of whose stock is more vigorous than the graft; but, in the contrary case, the point of union should be below the surface of the ground. This method should also be employed with all fruit trees planted in a light and parched soil. I have practised this mode of planting successfully, for more than thirty years, in the "Jardin des Plants," and elsewhere.

Remarks. That grafting has a tendency to shorten the longevity of the engrafted sort, is well known to all experienced cultivators. On the North River, certain fine kinds of fruit, as green gage and magnum bonum plums, etc., are cultivated and propagated by some careful growers on their own roots, without grafting; and they are acknowledged to be more durable, hardy and productive, than when engrafted on other stocks. It is, therefore, undoubtedly a desideratum for certain purposes to have some varieties of fruit established on their own roots, and the method just suggested is worthy of attention.

It should be remarked, however, that, generally speaking, it is a dangerous practice to plant a tree several inches lower than it stood in the nursery, so as to cover the union of the stock and graft. Many trees would languish and die under such treatment unless speedily re-established on the new roots. But this suggests a very excellent mode of grafting that obviates all this difficulty, and which may indeed be considered the most perfect of all modes, viz. that of grafting on pieces of the root, instead of the whole stock; or cutting down small stocks quite to the root, and grafting considerably below the surface. This is now practised to some extent by many American nurserymen in working the apple, and it might be carried further with success, as the re-rooting of grafts so inserted would, perhaps, generally take place without assistance.

Newburgh, N. Y., March, 1845.