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See page 46.

XVIII. Alliteration

XIV. Allusion.

Allusion may be called a metaphor in disguise. It refers to well known events in history or well known expressions. One needs to be well read to recognize this fine figure. Examples:

1. "The self-seeking will betray his friend with a Judas kiss."

2. "This is a new kingdom of science, this embryology, but you have to enter it through a straight gate and a narrow way."

XX. Vision

Vision is a vivid use of the imagination in recalling or anticipating events, and making them appear as though they were present. Some of the books of the Bible, especially Ezekiel, also Revelations, are written from this viewpoint. Much of the book of Ezekiel is a vision of the remote and the future; also the book of Revelation. Carlyle, among historical writers, seems to be the one most given to the use of vision. Not infrequently he represents himself as mingling with the actors in a prominent historical event. It is like Apostrophe, in one respect.

Example:

1. In the war against Charles I:

"Basing is black ashes, then: and Longford is ours, the garrison to march forth to-morrow at twelve of the clock, being the 18th instant. And now the question is, Shall we attack Dennington, or not?"

PART V

P

PROSODY

ROSODY in as simple form as possible, might be stated as follows: The grammatical rules which govern versification. The word verse is derived from the stem "vers," which means to turn, and is so called because when the writer has written a certain number of syllables, he turns, as it were, and commences a new line. Originally, the word was applied only to a line of poetry; it is now, however, used to designate the general structure of poetry, as well as a group of lines of poetry, and even one of the subdivisions of a chapter of the Bible. The chief distinction between verse and prose is that the former is marked by the recurrence at regular intervals of syllables that must be accented by the voice in reading. This regular recurrence of accent is called rhythm. The word rhythm comes from a Greek word meaning measured motion.

A foot is a group of two or three syllables upon one of which the accent or stress of the voice falls in reading. Rhythm is essential to verse. Rhyme, on the other hand, is not essential, but is very generally used, as an additional ornament.

Meter, or measure, is determined by the number and kind of feet in a line, as for instance: A line with one foot would be called monometer; of two feet, dimeter; of three feet, trimeter; of four feet, tetrameter; of five feet, pentameter; of six feet, sexameter; of seven feet, heptameter; of eight feet, octameter.

Note: If a verse has a syllable more than the regular measure, it is called hypermeter; if a syllable less, catalactic.

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I would earnestly advise all students of the Spoken Word to thoroughly understand the meter of the poem which they contemplate interpreting, as it is impossible to interpret poetry distinctly and correctly without this knowledge. Many men and women have attempted to interpret Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's Dream,' and have fallen upon the rocks of failure chiefly because they did not understand the wonderful change of meter in this poetic construction of that most wonderful play. I take pleasure in submitting a few examples of the different meters, below:

I. Iambic.-Short and long

Iambic Pentameter

There is a pleasure in the pathless woods,
There is a rapture on the lonely shore,
There is society where none intrudes
By the deep sea, and music in its roar:
I love not man the less, but nature more,
From these our interviews, in which I steal
From all I may be, or have been before,
To mingle with the universe, and feel

What I can ne'er express, yet cannot all conceal.

II. Trochaic.-Long and short

Trochaic

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and

weary,

Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,

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