Lenses and Systems of Lenses, Treated After the Manner of Gauss

A₁ absolute distances Carl Neumann centre of curvature conjugate foci conjugate planes conjugate points Consequently consider constants continued fraction convergent convex lens denominator denote determine the positions deviation equations equivalent lens extreme media F and F Focal Plane formula given H and H Hence incident ray infinite distance last media lens-system luminous point m₁ magnification produced meet the axis micrometer Nodal Points number of points number of surfaces object P₁ P₂ pair of conjugate parallel plane perpendicular point conjugate point of concurrence point Q preceding article Principal Foci Principal Planes Principal Points proved quantities radii rays which proceed reduced distance refracted ray refracting surface refractive indices relation second surface similar triangles straight line suppose system of lenses system of surfaces t₁ t₂ tangent plane telescope theorem thick lens thin lens V₁ vertex μη μι Мо