INNUIT CHARACTER, CUSTOMS, ETC. ESQUIMAUX CHART, No. 2, DRAWN BY KOOPERNEUNG (CHARLEY) WHILE WE WERE AT CAPE TRUE, AUGUST, 1862. H A. Frobisher Bay. B. Countess of Warwick's Sound. C. Lupton Channel, which leads down to Bear Sound. On the right is Lok's Land; on the left, Bache's Peninsula. D. Cyrus W. Field Bay. E. Cornelius Grinnell Bay. F. Robinson Sound. G. Resolution Isles. H. Hudson's Strait. X. Cape True, on Blunt's Peninsula. 583 then sends it out in a fine, well-directed, and evenly applied stream upon the runner, where it at once congeals. When, after some hours' travel, the coating is worn away, it is renewed in the same manner. But the question naturally arises, How can the water be carried without freezing? The Innuit does this by filling a bag of sealskin or ookgook bladder, and slipping it down between his shoulders, under his clothing, the warmth of his body keeping it liquid. Once, while I was on a sledge-journey with Koojesse, I was suf fering from thirst, and we had no water. Koojesse turned aside, and went off with his seal-spear upon a little fresh-water pond. I knew that the ice there would naturally be ten feet thick at that season, and therefore wondered how he expected to find water. After looking about carefully for some time, he selected a place where the snow seemed to be very deep, and there, after clearing it away, he struck with his spear upon the ice, and very soon made a hole through which he obtained water. When I inquired about it, I learned that a heavy body of snow falling upon the ice would press it down, allowing the water to come up and collect above it. The surface of this collected water would freeze, forming a comparatively thin coating of ice, but leaving a reservoir of water inclosed, which could be easily reached, as I found to my relief. On another occasion, while traveling in a bitter cold day, facing a cutting breeze, I found great difficulty in keeping the lower parts of my body from freezing. The Innuits saw me trying to shield myself and gain additional warmth by adjusting a thicklyfolded scarf; this they took from me, made it into a girdle, and tied it tightly round my body just above the hips. This restored warmth to me at once, and warded off the danger of freezing. APPENDIX. I. The Present of the Rescue— Page 20. This truly noble act was done at the suggestion of Henry Grinnell. He first conceived the idea; proposed it to the United States government; afterward, at the urgent request of the Secretary of State, Mr. Marcy, cordially co-operating with it in the matter, and furnishing the most valuable assistance. His generous labors in behalf of this important project, already acknowledged in a highly flattering manner by England, are too well known to require from me more than this passing tribute. II. Sums paid on Account of the Arctic Research Expedition.—Page 30. It is but justice to record here the fact that the following parties made out their bills, as below, for articles sold to the expedition at cost or less than cost price. 1860. May 22. James Green, of New York, 2 self-registering thermometers........ $3 00 Anson Baker & Co., of New York, 6 guns, 1 rifle, duplicate locks, 66 66 66 66 etc..... 23. John H. Brower & Co., New York, 232 lbs. Borden's meat-biscuit 24. G. W. Rogers, New London, Conn., expedition boat........... 159 00 30 00 58 50 66 105 00 66 66 171 50 .... Geo. H. Hill & Co., Cincinnati, O., beef suet for pemmican......... 52 50 10 50 Hall's expenses from Cincinnati to Philadelphia, New York, and 26. Cooper and Pond, New York, pistol, percussion caps, etc......... 550 22 00 19 00 28. Arnold and Beebe, New London, suit of sails and awning for boat 20 00 66 J. & G. W. Crandell, New London, woolen shirts...... 7 00 29. Shepard & Harris, of New London, clothing, etc....... 45 51 $805 03 May 29. Harris, Williams & Co., New London, pipes and tobacco..... .$805 03 20. 00 Anson Chase, New London, shot, powder - flasks, shot - pouches, caps, etc.... 40.98 D. B. Hempsted, New London, beads and marine glass... 13 00 328 20.50 J. B. Curry & Co., New London, "Resolute" sextant.. Nautical Almanacs, India-rubber chart cover, freight bill, hotel bill, Total.. Donations to the Arctic Research Expedition, 1860. 52 25 24.96 .$980 00 Williams & Haven, of New London, Conn., passage out in the bark "George Henry," and transport of expedition boat, stores, etc. Free passage home of myself, with a family of Esquimaux, consisting of man, wife, and child. Hazard Powder Co., New York, 250 lbs. rifle powder. Marshall Lefferts, New York, 800 lbs shot. J. N. Harris, New London, Conn., hardware, $22. F. L. Kneeland, New York, keg of rifle powder. Thomas H. Bates & Co., New York, fish-hooks, 9 m. needles, and 2 dozen sewingcushions. M'Allister & Brother, Philadelphia, spy-glass. J. & B. Bruce, Cincinnati, O., making sledge. Royer, Simonton & Co., Cincinnati, O., furnishing material for sledge. George T. Jones & Thomas H. Newell, Cincinnati, O., 2 blank journal books made of bank-note paper. Hamlen & Smith, Cincinnati, O., 1 dirk and a tooth extractor. Dr. O. E. Newton and Allen & Sons, Cincinnati, O., chest of medicines. C. F. Bradley, Cincinnati, O., gold pen. J. L. Wayne, Cincinnati, O., half a dozen small butcher knives. Lowell Fletcher, Cincinnati, O., 10 gallons alcohol, 95 per cent, proof. Henry Ware, Cincinnati, O., pocket compass. Robert Clarke & Co., Cincinnati, O., "Gillespie's Land Surveying." Dr. D. N. Daniels, Cincinnati, O., 1 trunk. Dr. Howe, Cincinnati, O., a valuable surgical work. Charles G. Morris, Cincinnati, O., printing. APPENDIX. George S. Blanchard, Cincinnati, O., "Principles of Zoology." 587 David Christy, Cincinnati, O., Geological Chart of the Arctic Regions, by himself James Lupton, Cincinnati, O., 2 vols. "Scoresby's Arctic Regions," 1 fine pocket knife. Benjamin Pike & Sons, New York, 3 thermometers, 1 azimuth compass. Benjamin Kittredge & Co., Cincinnati, O., silver alarm-whistle and dirk-knife. Z. B. Coffin, Cincinnati, O., 1 lb. tea. Charles Lawrence, Cincinnati, O., 26 lbs. best powder.* Mr. Robinson, Cincinnati, O., use of malt-kiln for desiccating meat for pemmican. George H. Hill & Co., Cincinnati, O., putting up pemmican in cans. John W. Ellis, Cincinnati, O., Labrador seal-boots. Baker & Co., New York, 2 dozen pocket-knife blades, 1 glass flask, 3 dozen hand looking-glasses, 3000 common percussion caps. Amor Smith, Cincinnati, O., grinding pemmican. American Express Company, free transportation of pemmican, sledge, and case of books, from Cincinnati, O., to New York City. Adams and Co.'s Express, transport of the same from New York to New London. Conn. In addition to those in preceding list, the following are names of persons who rendered me service in forwarding the interests of the expedition: Salmon P. Chase, then Governor of Ohio. George H. Pugh, then United States Senator from Ohio. Richard H. Chapell, New London, Conn. W. H. Clement, President Little Miami and Columbus and Xenia Railroad. Frank Clark, Superintendent American Express Company, Cincinnati, O. William M. Grinnell, attorney at law, New York. Sidney O. Budington, Groton, Conn. Cornelius Vanderbilt, New York. William M. Edwards, New York. A. Brewster, Norwich, Conn. B. S. Osbon, New York. William C. H. Waddell, New York. American Geographical and Statistical Society of New York. Samuel Robinson, Cincinnati, O. William A. Brooks, Cincinnati, O. Associated Press of Cincinnati, O. Young Men's Mercantile Association, Cincinnati, 0. Associated Press of New York. William S. Campbell, Philadelphia, Pa. George W. Childs, Philadelphia, Pa. Little Miami and Columbus and Xenia Railroad Company. Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Cleveland and Pittsburg Railroad Company. Central Ohio Railroad Company. *Could not accept this donation, as no means of transport for so hazardous an article could be procured. |