Progress Administration and the Public Works Administration contributed slightly over $6 million toward site improvement.

Construction of exhibit facilities

Upon completion of the site preparation, the next step involves obtaining commitments from parties most closely associated with the fair, by reason of common geography or interest. In this process, commitments from the basic interests to be served by the exposition are invariably secured first.

At the Seattle World's Fair, when the State and local governments and regional private corporations that were benefited most by the exposition committed themselves, the staging of the fair was assured.

At EXPO 67 in Montreal, the fact that a Category I World Exhibition will be staged in 1967 has never been in doubt from the time the federal, provincial, and city governments committed themselves to create, improve, and provide access to the site, construct thermatic exhibits, and provide space and service facilities for exhibitors who are not able or willing to finance a complete pavilion. EXPO management never gave serious consideration to the possibility of having a fair without this degree of involvement by the three hosting governments. At Disneyland, the financing provided by Walt Disney Productions and American Broadcasting Corp. as enterpreneurs in the venture was fully committed before any capital was secured from industrial or institutional investors.

This is the standard sequence for this type of project. Once an investment level sufficient to guarantee the existence of the attraction has been provided, past experience as cited above shows that responsible parties will contract for exhibits and concession operators in a size and number adequate to complete the total facilities complex. Without a certain attraction, these dependent parties are reluctant to contract for participation, and thus the key to implementation is the commitment by the organization whose basic interest is served.

REVIEW OF AUTHORITY'S PROGRESS TO DATE

In view of the preceding discussion of the sequence of events which lead to ultimate development of a major exposition, and in compliance with the requirements of the Inter-American Center Authority trust indenture, it is appropriate at this point to review and consider all actions taken by the authority to date in order to assess the present status of Interama. Organization

On May 15, 1951, the Legislature of the State of Florida created the InterAmerican Center Authority (Interama) as a corporate agency of the State and for the purpose of developing a major permanent world exposition. The purpose of Interama at that time was to "promote understanding, solidarity and trade within the Western Hemisphere." Subsequent to 1951, the purpose, or theme, of Interama has evolved to simply "The American Way of LifeProgress with Freedom."

To administer the development of Interama, a board consisting of 11 members was established. Presently, this board consists of Haydon Burns, Governor of Florida, chairman ex officio, and the following officers and members:

Dr. Irving E. Muskat, chairman, born December 25, 1905. Graduate of Marietta (Ohio) College. Graduate work at the University of Chicago where he obtained his M.S. and Ph. D. degrees in chemistry. He was a faculty member until 1934. He was a national research fellow at the Rockefeller Institute. He is an outstanding man in the field of plastics. Dr. Muskat has lived in Miami since 1955. Since then he has served as chairman of the advisory committee to the Dade County Port Authority, vice president for research of the University of Miami, and president of the University of Miami International Research Foundation, Inc. He was appointed to the authority in 1958 and to the chairmanship in 1961. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Institute of Chemical Engineers, and the London Chemical Society.

Robert King High, vice chairman, is the mayor of Miami. He was first elected in 1957. He was born in Tennessee in 1924 and came to Miami in 1944 after discharge from the Air Force. He attended the University of Miami and graduated from the Stetson Law School.

David W. Walters, secretary-treasurer, is an attorney who is the senior partner of Walters, Moore & Costanzo of Miami. He was born in Cleveland,

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Ohio, in 1916. He attended Baldwin Wallace College, Cleveland School of Law, and the University of Miami Law School. He is president-elect of the Federal Bar Association. He is a specialist in international law and Federal practice. Former chairman, City of Miami Port Study Committee; former general counsel, Dade County Port Authority. He served in the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps where he earned the Bronze Star.

Joseph J. Orr, assistant secretary-treasurer, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on July 20, 1897. He came to this country in 1912. He is the president of John B. Orr, Inc., building contractors of Miami. He is a director of the Biscayne Federal Savings & Loan Association of Miami. He is a member of many fraternal and civic organizations.

Art Bruns was born in New York and attended schools there. He served in World War II for a period of 5 years. He was an infantry sergeant in the Pacific. He attained the rank of captain. He also served for 21 months in the Korean war. He entered the hotel business in 1953 by purchasing the Miami Springs Villas. He is also co-owner of King Arthur Chair Co., president of SNURB Aviation Co., and vice president of Bruns & McKenna Taxicab Co. He is a member of the advisory board of the Variety Children's Hospital. He is a member of the advisory board of the Dade County Port Authority. Stephen P. Clark was born in Florence, Kans., in 1923. He has been a resident of Miami for 28 years. He attended the University of Miami. He is a general contractor who owns the Clark Construction Co. He has served on the City of Miami Planning and Zoning Board for 5 years, 2 as chairman. In 1963, he was elected to the Miami City Commission. He is a veteran of World War II and has been very active in working on such projects as retarded children and mental health.

Harry Hood Bassett is the president of the First National Bank of Miami. He was born in Flint, Mich., in 1917. He has been a resident of Dade County since 1947, having lived in Palm Beach previously. He attended Yale. He served in the Air Force during World War II and was awarded the Air Medal. He is a director of the General Development Corp. and the Seaboard Airline Railroad Co. He is a member of the Economic Society of Florida and the Yale Clubs of New York and Miami.

Frank E. Mackle, Jr., was born in Atlanta, Ga., in 1917. He attended Vanderbilt University. He served in the U.S. Navy in World War II. He is president and director of the Deltona Corp. and president and director of the Marco Island Development Corp. He is a member of the board of lay trustees of the University of Notre Dame. He is a director of the Catholic Welfare Bureau of Miami and a director of the Economic Society of South Florida.

J. Neville McArthur was born in Mississippi in 1897. He has been a resident of Dade County since 1922. He spent many years in the field of education. He was once principal of Miami Edison High School. He is trustee of the University of Miami and is a member of many committees and organizations. He is a past president of the Chamber of Commerce of the Americas, the Miami Chamber of Commerce, Citizens Board, University of Miami, and the Miami Citizens Club. He is owner and president of the McArthur Jersey Farm Dairy.

Frank Smathers, Jr., is the chairman of the board of the Miami Beach First National Bank and is president and chairman of the board of the United National Bank in Miami. He was born in Atlantic City, N.J., in 1909. He attended the University of North Carolina. He also received a law degree from the University of Miami. He has been a member of the authority since 1958. He has held many positions in numerous civic and service organizations in Dade County. He has also held many offices in national banking associations.

The organization and staffing requirement of the authority have been established and several of the positions have been filled.

Defining objectives

The primary objective of Interama is to portray the “American Way of Life— Progress With Freedom." Interama will show what the Americans achieved without the sacrifice of civil liberities and individual freedom-within the framework of democratic institutions. Through dynamic exhibits, events, and live performances that are constantly revised and updated, Interama will bring together, under freedom, the governments and industries of the Americas in a spirit of good will and understanding and provide a continuous exchange of cultures, ideas, and peoples.

Developing conceptual plans

As noted above, a general plan for Interama has been developed which calls for the creation of four principal areas: the international area, the industrial area, the cultural area and the festival area, which will be separate but interrelated." In addition, the physical location and general facility requirements for each principal area has been developed in detail.

Ascertaining feasibility

To determine the feasibility of Interama, the services of three separate research firms with extensive experience in the recreational and exposition fields have been retained. These firms have studied the objectives of and general plans for Interama and all have concluded that it is feasible.

Shaping policy

The general policy of Interama, as set forth by the authority, is to create and maintain a permanent exposition of the highest quality and excellence. To insure that all facets of Interama's development will reflect this policy, the authority has taken several steps which include: (1) Filling positions on its staff with well qualified personnel, (2) retaining noted individuals and consultants to advise the authority on its developments, (3) establishing a building code which will result in construction of facilities of the highest standard, and (4) contracting with internationally known architects for the final design and planning of basic facilities.

Site acquisition and improvement

As a strong gesture demonstrating the importance the city of Miami attaches to Interama, the city deeded to Interama, on the basis of a $8.5 million deferred payment. Thereupon, $8 million of bonds secured by the trust indenture were sold for the purpose of preparing a portion of the site for eventual exposition development. At this point the State of Florida furthered the cause of Interama by committing itself to the necessary external access and internal road systems, the total cost of which is estimated at $8 to $10 million. Further, confident that the development of Interama will mean high demands for utility service, the local utility companies have agreed to supply the basic utility systems without charge to Interama. In addition, based on the financial feasiblity study of a tower theme structure to be called the Tower of Freedom, the authority will be able to finance its construction.

Thus Interama has progressed to the stage where commitments for the exhibition facilities become the next order of business. As demonstrated earlier, a commitment of the parties whose basic interest is served is essential for final implementation of an exposition. In Interama's case, these parties are the local and State governments whose economies are to be specifically benefited by both the construction and operation of the facilities, and the Federal Government, which will benefit from furtherance of international trade and cultural exchange within the framework of the Alliance for Progress.

So that Interama can come to fruition, commitments to participate are required from these three levels of government.

By provision of the site, access and internal roads and utilities, the city and State governments and local private enterprise have committed themselves to Interama's implementation. The CFA loan is to provide facilities for international exhibits, in a manner similar to Seattle and Montreal. Existence of these facilities should insure a viable international area. Thus it is the conclusion of ERA, as management consultants, that issuance by Interama of the additional $13 million bonds under the trust indenture and receipt of the $22 million CFA loan will enable Interama to authoritatively represent itself as a certainty. On the basis of such representation, the experience at Seattle, Montreal, Disneyland, and other similar attractions indicates that industrial exhibitors, concessionaires, and other nonbasic participants will contract with Interama to a sufficient extent to assure a total exhibition complex. SECTION II. STATUS OF INTERAMA'S COMPLIANCE WITH THE TRUST INDENTURE REQUIREMENTS

The present status of Interama is one of being in line with the standard sequence of developing a major exhibition. Past actions have been reviewed in section I. Upon that issuance of the remaining $13 million of bonds under the trust indenture and receipt of the $22 million CFA loan, implementation of

The master plan for Interama.

Γ

Interama can be expected to proceed to completion. The trust indenture calls for the management consultant to review and render its certificate as to whether Interama has completed the action required before additional bonds can be issued. The requirements of the trust indenture are shown below, together with comment regarding Interama's action in compliance therewith.

A similar review was made of the special conditions attendant to the CFA loan offer. The results of this review are shown in appendix C-I.

Trust indenture, section 309 (b).

"(i) the concept of and plans for, or the existing improvements to, the grounds and buildings in the center are satisfactory, will permit the efficient operation and maintenance of the center, and include provision for adequate roads, walks, parking lots, utilities and other facilities to serve the prudently foreseeable needs of the center."

Improvements to Interama's site are progressing in accordance with the site plan and concept developed by the Inter-American Center Authority. This plan has been designed to accomplish Interama's basic theme objectives within the framework of sound physioeconomic relationships.

Road systems have been designed in consultation with traffic consultants, Wilbur Smith & Associates, to fulfill the traffic needs of Interama. The Florida State Road Department has committed itself to construction of all interior and access roads for completion by opening of the center.

All walks and interior circulation has been designed and will adequately provide for movement of visitors within the grounds. Parallel to the walks, provisions have been made for both rapid overhead transportation, tram trains, and boat transportation.

Parking areas have been planned in consultation with Wilbur Smith & Associates for 15,000 cars dispersed in small lots close to each peninsula of the Interama site.

Preliminary layouts have been developed for all utilities in cooperation with the local utility companies. Easements and rights-of-way have been established in the master plan to assure coordination of utility systems. Commitments have been received for underground electrical and telephone systems from the Florida Power & Light Co. and Southern Bell Telephone Co., respectively, at no cost to the Inter-American Center Authority. A contract with the city of North Miami to provide adequate water distribution and sewage collection, pretreatment and disposal services at no capital outlay to the authority has been executed. The authority has proceeded with design of the U.S. and Latin American pavilions by retaining for this project architects of national and international stature. These men have begun the design work and are proceeding as scheduled.

Other facilities, such as administration and maintenance facilities, fire protection, first aid and security have been provided for to assure the proper operation of the center.

"(ii) Exhibitors, concessionaires, and others in reasonably sufficient numbers and of types consistent with the then existing concept of and plans for the center have contracted with the authority with respect to exhibits, concessions, and other attractions in and to the center or that there exists reasonable expectation that such exhibitors, concessionnaires, and others will so contract with the authority.

To establish a program of industrial participation in Interama, the authority has employed the firm of Allen & Murden, of New York City, and Mr. Walter McKee, former director of Latin American operations for Ford Motor Co. This group has made contact with some of the automobile, electrical, merchandising, and petroleum industries, such as General Electric, Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, and American Foreign Power. A number of industries have agreed to send representatives to inspect the Interama site and discuss participation.

Interama plans to approach the top 100 to 150 industrial corporations in America. To attain quality and ever changing exhibits will involve substantial costs, which only the largest corporations could afford.

As a matter of policy, the authority will not make final agreements with concessionaires until 18 months before opening. Proposals have been received from responsible groups to operate the Interama trade mart, tower of freedom, and transportation concessions. Numerous other concessionaires have indicated their interest and desire to participate.

"(iii) The administrative and promotional efforts and activities theretofore undertaken by the authority have produced results and plans for the construc7 Master plan for Interama. Also see figs. 1 and 2 for site plan information.

8 Copies of contracts are on file at the office of the authority.