the commanding officer, and the aid or executive shall have no independent authority in consequence of such detail. SEC. 1470. Staff officers, seniors to the officers so detailed, Rights of staff shall have the right to communicate directly with the commanding officer. officers. Idem. Chiefs of bu reaus. SEC. 1471. The chiefs of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Provisions and Clothing, Steam Engineering, and dem. Construction and Repair shall have the relative rank of Title of Bureau commodore while holding said position, and shall have, plies and Ac respectively, the title of Surgeon General, Paymaster-Gen-counts. See sec. 1481. eral, Engineer-in-Chief, and Chief Constructor. SEC. 1472. When the office of chief of Bureau is filled by a line officer below the rank of commodore, said officer shall have the relative rank of commodore during the time he holds said office. changed to Sup Chief of bu. rank of commo reau, when below dore. from Retired position of chief Idem. SEC. 1473. Officers who have been or who shall be retired from the position of chiefs of the Bureau of Medicine and of bureau. Surgery, of Provisions and Clothing, of Steam Engineer- Title of Bureau ing, or of Construction and Repair, by reason of age or of Provisions and Clothing changed length of service, shall have the relative rank of commo- to Supplies and dore. Accounts. Idem, s. 5, p. 535. SEC. 1474. Officers of the Medical Corps on the active Medical Corps. list of the Navy shall have relative rank as follows: Medical directors, the relative rank of captain. Medical inspectors, the relative rank of commander. Surgeons, the relative rank of lieutenant-commander or lieutenant. Passed assistant surgeons, the relative rank of lieutenant or master. Assistant surgeons, the relative rank of master or ensign. Lieutenant of the junior grade Mar. 3, 1883. Lieutenant of junior grade Mar. 3, 1883. Ibid., s. 6, p. 536. SEC. 1475. Officers of the Pay Corps on the active list of Pay Corps. the Navy shall have relative rank as follows: Pay directors, the relative rank of captain. or lieutenant. See note 1. Passed assistant paymasters, the relative rank of lieuten-Lieutenant of ant or master. junior grade Mar. 3, 1883. Lieutenant of Assistant paymasters, the relative rank of master or en- junior grade Mar. sign. 3, 1883. Corps. SEC. 1476. Officers of the Engineer Corps on the active Engineer list shall have relative rank as follows: Of the chief engineers, ten shall have the relative rank 536; Feb. 24, 1874, of captain, fifteen that of commander, and forty-five that 3, 1883, 22 Stats. of lieutenant-commander or lieutenant. Note 1.-Section 1475 does not give to a pay inspector in the Navy the grade of commander. It confers upon him the rank of commander by relation (only) to the rank of a line officer of that grade. The designation "pay inspector" expresses both title and grade in the Pay Corps. The commission of an officer as "pay inspector," with the relative rank of commander," gives the appropriate title and grade of the officer named therein, and fully satisfies the requirement of section 1480, R. S. (Op., XVI, 414, Jan. 8, 1880, Devens.) [For a definition of the words "title," "grade," and "rank," see this opinion and C. C., XV, 151. The latter defines the rank of staff officers of the Navy as usually operative only in determining the relation of the different officers of the service to each other in matters of precedence, privilege, and the like, and is generally called "relative rank." Grade is a step or degree in either office or rank, and has reference to the divisions of the one or the other, or both, according to the connection in which the word is employed.] v. 18, p. 17; Mar. L., p. 472. See sec. 1390, Engineer Corps. Naval construc tor. Mar. 3, 1871, s. 9, v. 16, p. 536. Civil engineers. Mar. 3, 1871, s. 9, v. 16, p. 536. General Order 263, Feb. 24, 1881. Chaplains. Mar. 3, 1871, s. 9, v. 16, p. 536. See same sec. Title "Chaplains." mathematics. Passed assistant engineers shall have the relative rank of lieutenant or master, and assistant engineers that of lieutenant of the junior grade or ensign. SEC. 1477. Of the naval constructors, two shall have the relative rank of captain, three of commander, and all others that of lieutenant-commander or lieutenant. Assistant naval constructors shall have the relative rank of lieutenant or master. SEC. 1478. Civil engineers shall have such relative rank as the President may fix. The President of the United States has this day, under the provisions of section 1478 of the Revised Statutes, conferred relative rank on Civil Engineers of the Navy, and fixed the same as follows: One with the relative rank of captain. Two with the relative rank of commander. Three with the relative rank of lieutenant-commander. Civil engineers will take precedence in their corps, and with other officers with whom they hold relative rank, in accordance with the law regulating precedence of officers of the Navy. SEC. 1479. Chaplains shall have relative rank as follows: Four, the relative rank of captain; seven, that of commander; and not more than seven, that of lieutenantcommander or lieutenant. Professors of SEC. 1480. Professors of mathematics shall have relative 16 A. G. op., p. 414. Sec sec. 1475. The grades established in the six preceding sections for the staff corps of the Navy shall be filled by appointment from the highest members in each corps, according to See note 1, p. seniority; and new commissions shall be issued to the 109. officers so appointed, in which the titles and grades established in said sections shall be inserted; and no existing commission shall be vacated in the said several staff corps, except by the issue of the new commissions required by the provisions of this section; and no officer shall be reduced in rank or lose seniority in his own corps by any change which may be required under the provisions of the said six preceding sections: Provided, That the issuing of a new appointment and commission to any officer of the Pay Corps under the provisions of this section shall not affect or annul any existing bond, but the same shall remain in force, and apply to such new appointment and commission. SEC. 1481. Officers of the Medical, Pay, and Engineer for age or length Corps, chaplains, professors of mathematics, and constructMar. 3, 1871, s. Ors, who shall have served faithfully for forty-five years, shall, when retired, have the relative rank of commodore; and officers of these several corps who have been or shall be retired at the age of sixty-two years, before having served for forty-five years, but who shall have served faithfully until retired, shall, on the completion of forty years When retired of service. 11, v. 16, p. 537. from their entry into the service, have the relative rank of commodore. causes incident Ibid. SEC. 1482. Staff-officers, who have been or shall be retired Retired for for causes incident to the service before arriving at sixty- to service. two years of age, shall have the same rank on the retired list as pertained to their position on the active list. SEC. 1483. Graduates of the Naval Academy shall take rank according to their proficiency as shown by their order of merit at the date of graduation. of Graduates May 23, 1872, s. 1, v. 17, p. 153. Naval Academy. graduated at SEC. 1484. Engineer officers graduated at the Naval Engineers Academy shall take precedence with all other officers with Naval Academy. whom they have relative rank, according to the actual, Mar. 3, 1873, s. length of service in the Navy. 1, v. 17, p. 555. Precedence by Mar. 3, 1871, s. 10, v. 16, p. 537. length of service. ice, how esti. SEC. 1485. The officers of the staff corps of the Navy shall, take precedence in their several corps, and in their several grades, and with officers of the line with whom they hold relative rank according to length of service in the Navy. SEC. 1486. In estimating the length of service for such, Length of serv. purpose, the several officers of the staff corps shall, respec- mated. tively, take precedence in their several grades and with 10, v. 16. p. 537; those officers of the line of the Navy with whom they hold Mar. 3, 1881, v. 21, relative rank who have been in the naval service six years Feb. 25, 1881; p. 510; see Op. longer than such officers of said staff corps have been in Gen. Order 264. said service; and officers who have been advanced or lost numbers on the Navy Register shall be considered as having gained or lost length of service accordingly: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be so construed as to give to any officer of the staff corps precedence of, or a higher relative rank than that of, another staff officer in the same grade and corps, and whose commission in such grade and corps antedates that of such officer. Mar. 3, 1871, s. mand. SEC. 1487. No staff officer shall, in virtue of his relative Quarters.. rank or precedence, have any additional right to quarters. 10, v. 16, p. 537. SEC. 1488. The relative rank given by the provisions of military com this chapter to officers of the Medical, Pay, and Engineer General Or Corps shall confer no authority to exercise military com- 1846, and May 27 mand. SEC. 1489. In processions on shore, or courts-martial, summary courts, courts of inquiry, boards of survey, and all other boards, line and staff officers shall take precedence according to rank. SEC. 1490. Ensigns shall be steerage officers, unless assigned to duty as watch and division officers. Sec. 1491. The President may, if he shall deem it conducive to the interests of the service, give assimilated rank, to boatswains, gunners, carpenters, and sail-makers, as follows: After five years' service, to rank with ensigns, and after ten years' service, to rank with junior lieutenants. ders. Aug. 31, 1847; Aug. 5, boards, etc. 12, v. 16, p. 537. Ensigns as steerage officers. July 15, 1870, s. 10, v. 16, p. 334. Warrant offi cers. July 2, 1864, s. 1. v. 13, p. 373; Mar. 3, 1883. SEC. 1492. The officers of the revenue-cutter service when Revenue-cutter officers serving serving, in accordance with law, as a part of the Navy, as part of the shall be entitled to relative rank, as follows: Captains, with Navy. 4. v. 12, p. 640; Feb. 2, 1863, s. and next after lieutenants commanding in the Navy; first Mar. 2, 1799, s. 98, lieutenants, with and next after lieutenants in the Navy; Y. 1. p. 699; July second lieutenants, with and next after junior lieutenants in v. 12, pp. 583-585; the Navy; third lieutenants, with and next after ensigns Mar. 3, 1883. See in the Navy. 16, 1862, ss. 1, 11, Title "Revenue Cutter Service," sec. 1492. Officers ad vanced in rank. SEC. 1506. Any officer of the Navy may, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, be advanced, not exceeding thirty numbers in rank, for eminent and conspicuous Rank not to be conduct in battle or extraordinary heroism; and the rank of officers shall not be changed except in accordance with the Apr. 21, 1864, s. provisions of existing law, and by and with the advice and 24, 1865, s. 1, v. 13, consent of the Senate. changed, except, etc. 6, v. 13, p.54; Jan. p. 424; June 17, 1878, v. 20, p. 143. See sec. 1508, Promotion. Title 15, chap 5. SEC. 1521. When cadet midshipmen shall have passed Promotion to successfully the graduating examination at the Academy, midshipmen; they shall receive appointments as midshipmen and shall July 15, 1870, s. take rank according to their proficiency as shown by the 12, v. 16, p. 334. order of their merit at date of graduation. rank. See note 2. Title 15, chap 9. SEC. 1601. The commandant of the Marine Corps shall Rank of com- have the rank and pay of a colonel in the Army, and shall mandant Marine be appointed by selection by the President from the officers of Mar. 2, 1867, s. said corps. Corps. 7, v. 14, p. 517; June 6, 1874, v. 18, p. 58. Staff rank, Ma rine Corps. SEC. 1602. The adjutant and inspector, the paymaster, Mar. 2, 1847, s. and the quartermaster shall have the rank of major; each 3, v.9, p.154; Feb. assistant quartermaster shall have the rank of captain. 27. 1877, v. 19, p. 244. Relative rank of SEC. 1603. The officers of the Marine Corps shall be, in Marine Corps relation to rank, on the same footing as officers of similar June 30, 1834, s. grades in the Army. with the Army. 4, v. 4, p. 713. See secs. 1601-1603, Title "Marine Corps." June 8, 1880. eral. That the President of the United States be, and he is Rank of Judge. hereby, authorized to appoint, for the term of four years, Advocate-Gen- by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from the Mar. 8, 1880, v. officers of the Navy or the Marine Corps, a Judge-AdvocateGeneral of the Navy, with the rank pay, and allowances of a captain in the Navy or a colonel in the Marine Corps, as the case may be. 21, p. 164. Amended. June 5, 1896. 29 Stat. L., 251. 2, p. 473. * That the Act "to authorize the President to appoint an officer of the Navy or the Marine Corps to perform the Supp. R.S., vol. duties of solicitor and judge-advocate-general, and so forth, Navy. and to fix the rank and pay of such officer," approved June Judge-advocate-general's eighth, eighteen hundred and eighty, is hereby amended by inserting in said Act in lieu of the words "with the rank, 129 (1 Supp. R. S., pay, and allowances of a captain in the Navy, or a coloneĺ in the Marine Corps, as the case may be," the words "with the rank and highest pay of a captain the Navy, or the rank, pay. 290). R. S., § 349. Note 2.-Section 1521 is changed by the acts of August 5, 1882, and March 3, 1883. Cadet midshipmen are now styled naval cadets until they complete the six years course, and, under certain contingencies, are mustered out or appointed to other places. There are no midshipmen or cadet midshipmen. (See "Naval Academy.") pay, and allowances of a colonel in the Marine Corps, as the case may be:" 1892. the Provided, That this amendment shall take effect from to date from July nineteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-two, the date Became a law on which the present incumbent entered on duty, and that without the amount herein appropriated shall be payable from the proval, June 5, appropriation "Pay of the Navy." Sec. 1143. Detachments with the Army. 1583. Rations stopped for the sick. RATIONS. Sec. 1585. Commutation price of ration. 1615. To enlisted marines. 3721. Purchases of butter and cheese. 3727. Flour and bread. 4812. Allowance to Navy hospitals. President's ap 1896. ing with the SEC. 1143. The officers of the subsistence department Title 14, chap. 1. shall, upon the requisition of the naval or marine officer Naval detachcommanding any detachment of seamen or marines under ments cooperat orders to act on shore, in co-operation with the land troops, Army. and during the time such detachment is so acting or proceeding to act, furnish rations to the officers, seamen, and marines of the same. SEC. 1577. Midshipmen and naval cadets in the Navy shall be entitled to one ration, or to commutation therefor. That all enlisted men and boys in the Navy, attached to any United States vessel or station and doing duty thereon, and naval cadets, shall be allowed a ration, or commutation thereof in money, under such limitations and regulations as the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe. Dec. 15, 1814, s. 1, v. 3, p. 151. Title 15, chap. 8. val cadets. Jan. 30, 1885. 23 Stat. L., 287. Enlisted men and boys in Navy and naval cadets to have rationsor commutation. R. S., secs. 1577, 1585. Mar. 1, 1889, ch. 331, p. 669. Rations of other officers. SEC. 1578. All officers shall be entitled to one ration, or to commutation therefor, while at sea or attached to a sea-July 16, 1862, s. going vessel. 19, v. 12, p. 587; Mar. 3, 1851, s. 1, v. 9, p. 631; Op., X. 52, July 10, 1861. See "Pay, Rations, and Mileage,' Ma rine Corps. When rations SEC. 1579. No person not actually attached to and doing not allowed. duty on board a sea-going vessel, except the petty officers,, Mar. 3, 1851, s. 1. v. 9, p. 621; seamen, and ordinary seamen attached to receiving ships or Feb. 28, 1867. 8. 2, to the ordinary of a navy-yard, and ensigns of the junior y 14, p. 416; July grade and naval cadets, shall be allowed a ration. 28, 1866, s. 8, v. 14, p. 322; Aug. 5, 1882; Mar. 3, 1883. constituents of. SEC. 1580. The Navy ration shall consist of the following Navy ration, daily allowance of provisions to each person: One pound July 18, 1861, s. of salt pork, with half a pint of beans or pease; or one July 14, 1862, s. 4 pound of salt beef, with half a pound of flour and two v. 12, p. 566, 1, v. 12, p. 264 |