Kellogg, V. L., American Insects, C. L. MARLATT, KEPNER, W. A., Color Perception, 680 Kidney, Transplanted, A. CARREL, C. C. GUTHRIE, 473 Koethner, P., and H. Eramann, Naturkonstanten, KRAUS, E. H., Hydration Caves, 502 L., F. A., Higher and Lower, 18 Laboratory, Marine Biological, F. R. LILLIE, 537 Latin and Botanical Diagnosis, E. L. GREENE, 338 Lechalas, G., La Géométrie, C. J. KEYSER, 113 Le Dantec, F., Biologie, A. O. LOVEJOY, 428 LIEB, JR., J. W., National Engineering Societies, 65 LILLIE, F. R., Marine Biological Laboratory, 537 LINTON, E., Death of an Amaba, 88; The M.D. LIVERSIDGE, A., Catalogue of Sci. Literature, 441 LLOYD, F. E., Isolation and Species, 710 LOCY, W. A., The Vertebrate Brain, 180 LONG, J. H., Physiological Chemistry, 129 LOVEJOY, A. O., Le Dantec's Biologie, 428 LUSK, G., Metabolism, 6; Chittenden on Physio- logical Economy in Nutrition, 464 LUTZ, F. E., Assortative Mating in Man, 249 M.D. Degree, the Granting of the, E. LINTON, 875 M., O. T., Bourdeau on Histoire de l'habillement, MCM., J. P., Haeckel's Evolution of Man, 137 MACMILLAN, C., Clements's Ecology, 45 MCMURTRY, L. S., The Am. Medical Assoc., 97 Mance's Method, Battery Resistance by, A. W. Marcuse, Geographische Ortsbestimmung, O. H. T., 493 MARLATT, C. L., American Insects, V. L. Kellogg, MARSTON, M. A., Fall of Meteor, 604 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Har- vard University, 213, 604; Physical Chemis- Mathematical Soc., Am., F. N. COLE, 430, 701; San Mathematics, The Teacher of, D. C. JACKSON, 1; in Japan, G. A. MILLER, 215; and Science, Nat. Soc. of Teachers of, 269; Assoc. of Mating, Assortative, in Man, F. E. LUTZ, 249 INDEX. Mendelian Results, assumed Purity of the Germ MERRIAM, J. C., Ichthyosaur-like Remains in Wy- MERRILL, F. J. H., Cyanide of Potassium, 568 Metabolism, Theories of, G. LUSK, 6 METCALF, H., Clemson Col. Sci. Club, 248; Grain Meteorology, Notes on, R. DEC. WARD, 54, 124, 186, Meteors, Falls of, M. A. MARSTON, C. H. HUESTIS, MEYER, H., Pharmacology and Physiology, 417; MILLER, G. A., Mathematics in Japan, 215; Am. Math. Soc., San Francisco Section, 526 MILLIKAN, R. A., Physics of the Electron, 785 Mineral, New Mercury, W. F. HILLEBRAND, 844 Mississippi River, C. H. STONE, 472 Missouri Soc. of Teachers of Mathematics, L. D. MONCRIEFF, C. S., Irrigation, 577 MORGAN, T. H., Mayer on Invertebrates of the N. Y. Coast, 701; Ziegler on Sex Determination, 839; Assumed Purity of the Germ Cell in MORRIS, E. L., Biological Soc. of Washington, 834 Mosquito Reduction, R. Ross, 689 Motion, Simple Harmonic, I. T. OSMOND, 311 Moyer, J. A., Descriptive Geometry, C. J. KEYSER, Muir, M. M. P., Chemistry, W. MCPHERSON, 828 MUNROE, J. P., Trustees and Faculty, 849 Museums and Experts, W. J. HOLLAND, 792, Mu- National Academy of Sciences, 683 Nature and Man, J. PERRY, 155 Nencki, M., Opera Omnia, L. B. MENDEL, 594 Nernst, W., Theoretical Chemistry, H. C. JONES, Newcomb, S., Reminiscences of an Astronomer, H. Newell, L. C., Descriptive Chemistry, W. Mc- New York Acad. of Sciences, Astronomy, Physics and Chemistry, C. C. TROWBRIDGE, 16; An- thropology and Psychology, R. S. WOODWORTH, Nitrogen Absorption from Atmosphere, A. E. GIB- Nomenclature, at Vienna Botanical Congress, N. O., H. F., Fossil Arachnida, 57; Vertebrate Paleon- tology, 188; Sauropodous Dinosaurs, Moro- OBEAR, G. B., Strutt on Becquerel Rays and Ra- OGDEN, H. N., Fieberger's Civil Engineering, 397 Onondaga Academy of Science, P. F. SCHNEIDER, Ontogenetic Species, D. S. JORDAN, 872 Ordovician Rocks, Classification of, A. F. FOERSTE, Oregon Academy of Sciences, G. E. COGHILL, 117 Paleontology, Vertebrate, H. F. O., 188 PETERSON, O. A., Mammal from Loup Fork Beds, Pharmacology and Physiology, H. MEYER, 417 Philosophical Soc. of Washington, C. K. WEAD, Phototropism in Homarus Americanus, P. B. Phylogenesis and Historical Geology, C. A. WHITE, Physical Soc., American, E. MERRITT, 754 Physics in the Nineteenth Century, C. BARUS, 353, Physiology and Exper. Medicine at Am. Assoc., Plant Morphology, K. GOEBEL, 33 Poynting, J. H., and J. J. Thomson, Physics, J. S. PRITCHARD, F. J., and H. L. BOLLEY, Infection of Prost, E., Chemical Analysis, J. W. RICHARDS, 595 Psychological Assoc., Amer., 724 Quercus, Entomophilous Habit in, C. J. MAURY, 52 RAMALEY, F., Univ. of Colo. Sci. Soc., 50, 760 REIGHARD, J., Jordan's Study of Fishes, 861 RICHARDS, J. W., Prost's Applied Chemical Anal- Rissola Marginata, E. W. GUDGER, 342 Roosevelt on Rewards of Scholarship, 27 W. D. BANCROFT, 751 Ross, R., Mosquito Reduction, 689 ROTCH, A. L., Hellmann on Meteorology, 116 Rothschild, W., Anthropoid Apes, A. E. BROWN, 12 Rumford Fund of Am. Acad., 481 SADTLER, S. P., Thorp's Industrial Chemistry, 520 SCHAPPER, H., Vector Symbols, 640 SCHNEIDER, A., Chester on Soil Bacteria, 337 Scientific, Books, 12, 45, 84, 113, 137, 175, 203, 247, 267, 304, 336, 369, 397, 428, 464, 490, 520, 562, 593, 628, 668, 699, 748, 785, 828, 861; Journals and Articles, 14, 48, 116, 139, 177, 248, 269, 305, 337, 373, 399, 429, 494, 524, 567, 596, 632, 670, 752, 790, 831; Notes and News, 29, 62, 94, 125, 157, 189, 220, 253, 285, 318, 349, 380, 413, 444, 475, 510, 541, 574, 604, 644, 684, 725, 765, 806, 846, 885; Men, Needs of, T. D. A. COCKERELL, 178; Societies, Convocation Week Meetings of, 753, 790, 832 SCOTT, W. E. D., Origin of Birds, 271 Seals, Fossil, F. W. TRUE, 794 Seedling Stages, J. A. HARRIS, 184 SEIDELL, A., Chem. Soc. of Washington, 703 Sex, Determination, Ziegler on, T. H. MORGAN, 839; in Estimation of Time, R. M. YERKES, Sheep, Black, C. B. DAVENPORT, 674 SHELDON, J. L., Fungi and Anthracnose, 51 Slides, Lantern, W. S. FRANKLIN, 637 Smith, A., Chemie, W. MCPHERSON, 828 SMITH, A. W., Battery Resistance, 434 Smith, E. F., Bacteria and Plant Diseases, C. E. Smith, E. F., and H. F. Keller, Chemistry, W. SMITH, H. I., Wis. Archeological Soc., 152 SMITH, H. M., Drum-fishes, 376 Smith, P. F., Analytical Geometry, C. J. Keyser, Societies and Academies, 14, 48, 86, 117, 248, 269, Soil Testing, F. D. GARDNER, 678 Soils, Aeration of, F. H. KING, 495; Bureau of, Spearman Correlation Formula, C. WISSLER, 309 Special Articles, 18, 50, 88, 120, 146, 180, 206, 249, 271, 309, 342, 374, 402, 434, 469, 500, 528, 568, 598, 637, 674, 714, 762, 797, 839, 877 Species, Origin of, D. S. JORDAN, 545; F. E. LLOYD, 710; ABRAMS, LER., 836; Evolution of, through Climatic Conditions, J. A. ALLEN, Stegomyia and Yellow Fever, L. O. HOWARD, 526 STEJ NEGER, L., Japanese Deer, 402; Bell-toads, 502 STEVENS, W. LE C., Ames's Physics, 175 STEWART, G. W., Apparatus Tables, 344 STONE, C. H., Analysis of Mississippi River, 472 STONE, W., Filing Pamphlets, 53 STRUTT, R. J., Becquerel Rays and Radium, G. B. Students, Geographical Distribution of, at Amer- ican Universities, R. TOMBO, JR., 424; J. D. SUMNER, F. B., Biological Laboratory of Bureau Survey, Magnetic, of N. Pacific Ocean, L. A. T., O. H., Marcuse's Geographische Ortsbestim- Tables, Apparatus, G. W. STewart, 344 TAMURA, S. T., Mt. Tsukuba Meteorological Ob- TARR, R. S., and L. MARTIN, Change of Level in TAYLOR, A. E., Fullerton's Metaphysics, 84 Taylor, F. W., and S. E. Thomson, Concrete, S. F. Terrestrial Magnetism at Carnegie Inst., L. A. Thistle-down, J. B. DANDENO, 568 Thompson, S. E., and F. W. Taylor, Concrete, S. F. Thomson, J. J., and J. H. Poynting, Physics, J. S. Thyroid Gland, Extirpation and Replantation of, TILTON, J. L., Engineering and Physics, 141 Time, Standard, in America, 315 TOMBO, JR., R., Geographical Distribution of Stu- dent Body at American Universities, 424; University Registration Statistics, 729 Torrey Botanical Club, E. W. BERRY, 49, 118; M. TRELEASE, W., Honorary Degrees, 673 Trout, Loch Leven, in California, D. S. JORDAN, 714 TRUE, F. W., Fossil Seals in America, 794 TURNER, H. H., Newcomb's Reminiscences, 748 Turner and Hobart on Insulation of Electric Ma- University, and Educational News, 32, 64, 96, 128, VAN'T HOFF, J. H., Physical Chemistry and Van Vleck, E. B., H. S. White and F. S. Woods, WARD, R. DEC., Notes on Meteorology, 54, 124, 186, WASHBURN, F. L., Amount of CS, required to Kill Washington Academy of Sciences, 868 WEAD, C. K., Philosophical Soc. of Washington, 16, 633, 704, 834 WEBBER, H. J., Botanical Soc. of Washington, 14 WEBSTER, A. G., Dynamics of Particles, E. W. Weismann, A., Evolution, W. E. CASTLE, 668 WHITE, C. A., Phylogenesis and Historical Geol- WILDER, H. J., Apple Production, 715 WILLCOX, M. A., Fissurella and Siphonaria, 90 oming, 503 WILSON, E. B., Chromosomes and Sex in Insects, Winslow, C.-E. A., Applied Microscopy, S. H. G., WISSLER, C., Spearman Correlation Formula, 309 WOODWORTH, R. S., Psychologie expérimentale, 523; Wundt's Physiological Psychology, 789; Anthropology and Psychology at N. Y. Acad. Yale University, Educational Problems at, A. T. A WEEKLY JOURNAL Devoted to THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE DESIRABLE PRODUCT FROM THE TEACHER THE school curriculum of to-day lies un- hands of many, of leaning to fads and being given over to poor teaching. The petency that is often made-namely, Latin and mathematics-and I have sometimes re- flected upon the meaning and propriety of the exceptions. Returning to these reflec- tions when your courteous secretary in- theless it is ground well worthy of survey- I think the charge of fads grows partly or wholly out of the character of work done in the kindergartens-under which name numerous sins are often cloaked by well meaning, accomplished, but highly im- practical, and often incompetent, teachers. I am an earnest believer in the purposes of the kindergarten, but the practical re- sults of its operation, where I have ob- served it, seem often to disseminate faulty methods have their most important place in connection with the schools of social set- 1 An address delivered before the general ses- tlements and their like, which are found in the most densely settled portions of cities, and which have to do with children who find little or none of the gentle or softening influences of the average American home. These methods certainly bring a minimum of good, to children of whom reasonable obedience and courteous bearing are expected in their home life. To the kindergarten belongs the initial work of manual training. By that often abused phrase I particularly mean geometrical drawing and instruction in handicrafts of various kinds. Indeed, a relatively large proportion of the kindergarten pupil's time ought to, be engrossed by manual training, because the brain is then specially amenable to training in the precise control of the senses; and this manual training ought to be carried up through the grades in the elementary schools with gradually decreasing allotment of time until it is nearly (or even entirely) succeeded by purely mental studies when the high school is reached. All that is now done with manual training in the high schools can be better done in the lower schools. But brains can be as easily produced by wishing, as precision of thought and act can be produced by an untrained teacher. There is the rub in the situation. Poorly taught manual training is particularly dangerous because it encourages lack of precision in perception, performance and judgment, at the very time in his development when the habit of slovenly inaccuracy is most readily impressed upon the pupil. Less harm from poor teaching in this branch results in the high school than in the kindergarten, because the older child is less readily and less permanently affected by slovenly processes, if he has previously been under wise instruction. Also, better teachers, with reasonably good training, are available for the high school teaching of manual training, because better wages are there afforded. How can we expect-who should expect-accuracy of observation, precision of act and accuracy of thought to be inculcated in small children by a young woman who possesses not one of those important attributes herself, and who has never learned that they are important -indeed, essential-to the highest success in man or woman? Gentlemen of the secondary schools, if you will lend your attention judiciously to reforming the schools below yours, and will really produce the reformation, you will be relieved of that disconcerting and mischievous pressure that is now directed towards securing for manual training a considerable portion of the time of the secondary school curriculum which is now occupied by what are commonly called disciplinary studies. A few of the better universities acknowledge that a small amount of manual training is appropriate to the list of entrance requirements, and such an acknowledgment is quite usual by the engineering colleges (the University of Wisconsin admits not to exceed one unit out of the fourteen units of high school work accepted for entrance into engineering courses). Such a proportion is substantially as much as ought to be made a part of the high school curriculum, but it ought to be only the final capping of a stout pyramid of drawing and handicrafts which has its capacious lower leaf in the primary school or kindergarten. In this connection, let me say that much. confusion exists in the minds of many regarding the relations of trades schools to high schools and of trades schools to university courses in engineering. Each of these has its own place, and they should not be confused. Precision of observation, accuracy of execution and clear reasoning are necessary |