toxication; but he caused justice to be administered with the greatest impartiality. In 1638 he took Bagdad, after a memorable seige. Mahomet IV., 1649-1687. Devastating wars in Persia, HunCandia (Crete) taken 1668. gary, &c. Misrule, pleasure, and sensual indulgence prevail.--Vienna Achmet II., 1687-1695. Defeated by the Russians, &c. Achmet III., 1703-1730. Battle of Zenta 1697; a decisive Eugene; followed 1699 by the Shelters Charles XII. of Sweden: war with Russia 1711; peace.-Battle of Peterwaradin Nadir Shah, (Thamas Kouli Khan), of Persia defeated the Achmet was learned; promoted science; printing was in- Mahomet V., 1730-1754. Kouli Khan defeats the Turks 1735; takes the title of Sophi; which is acknowledged by the Ottoman court. The Russians 1735; the emperor of Germany 1737; declare war against the Turks. Mustapha III., 1757-1774. The war of 1768-1775 determined the political superiority of Russia. 5. Persia. i. Middle Ages. Persia was conquered by the Saracens A.D. 651: how long did the it remain in their power? 651-1220; 569 years. About five centuries and a half? Was it one compact body? No: Arab governors made themselves independent : Persia was divided into numerous petty states. Mention a few of the dynasties which rose in this period. The Gaznevides; 977—1182. Zingis Khan; 1220-1258. He established there the By whom was Persia again conquered, 1380? What followed his death, 1405 ? The Turkmans remained masters of Persia for 100 years. Proceed with the history after 1505. These Turkmans and other tribes sunk before Ismael Sophi, 1505, whose dynasty lasted to 1722. Mention a Mohammedan Enthusiast at this time. Haydar, or Soofi, established a sect who held Ali, and not ished pilgrimages to Mecca: &c. He abol We may just mention the monarchs or Shahs of Persia. A.D. 1505. Ismael Sophi: large and various conquests. 1523. Thamas. 1575. Ismael II. 1577. Mohammed. 1586. Hamzeh. 1587. Ismael III. Unsuccessful wars against the Turks. 1587. Shah Abbas. Ispahan his residence. Extensive conquest from the Turks, Moguls, &c. 1629. Shah Sesi. 1642. Shah Abbas II. Wars with the Turks and Indians. 1666. Shah Soliman. The empire declined. 1694. Hussein. It entirely sunk. 1709. The Afghans revolted; put an end to the Sofi dynasty. A state of anarchy followed. 1736-1747. Thamas Kouli Khan, or Shah Nadir, conquered the Mogul empire; in 1739 entered Delhi; 200,000 men put to the sword. Conquered Usbec Tartary; reigned ten years over one of the most extensive and powerful empires of the world. What four kingdoms were formed in Persia after his death? 1. Khorasan and Segistan. 2. Kandahai, or the eastern provinces. 3. Farsistan, or the western provinces. 4. Georgia. Georgia for the most part retained its own princes, who at length submitted to Russia In Kandahar, &c., Ahmed Abdallah founded the empire of Afghanistan: his residence was Cabul. The history of the rest is, for the most part only a narrative of civil commotion and of wars with Russia. 6. India. On India I shall offer only a few remarks; passing over remote ages, as unknown. B.C. 506 Darius Hystaspes invaded India: he conquered Cashmere, and part of the Punjaub. 326. Alexander the great pushed his conquests a little farther. 312, &c. Seleucus, one of his successors, advanced as far as the Ganges. 256, &c. Arsaces, and some of the Bactrian kings, made extensive conquests in India. 200, &c. The Parthians and Scythians overran all Northern India. Middle Ages. In the seventh century the Chinese penetrated to countries on the Ganges. A.D. 684–705. Abdalmelek, 11th Caliph, conquered a great part of India. 997, &c. Mahmoud of Gazni founded the dynasty of the Gaznevides. 1152. The last prince of this dynasty was deposed by Kassim Ghauri, founder of the Ghauride dynasty. He resided at Lahore. 1205. The empire of the Ghaurides being divided, Kutub founded the Patan (or Affghan) dynasty of emperors: Delhi the seat of empire. The reigns of the Patan emperors were disturbed by the invasions. 1279. Of Zingis Khan. 1398. Of Tamerlane. Modern History. After the death of Tamerlane, the monarchy of the Moguls was divided into several states.-The Deccan, or southern part, was subject to a distinct emperor; A.D. 1347, &c., Calberga (in Beeder) was the seat of government: some of the emperors exceeded in power and splendour those of Delhi. 1525. The great Moguls, or Mogul Emperors, begin with Babar, a descendant of Timour: Delhi his capital. 1556. Akbar, his grandson, confirmed and extended his power in north India, and reduced Bengal. 1604. Akbar died. The empire was divided into seventeen Subahs, or governments, which were subdivided into Provinces; the latter were managed by rulers called 1659. Aureng Zebe ascended the throne: he carried the Mogul empire to the highest pitch of power and glory. The Mahrattas conquered an extensive territory, and he was obliged to treat with them.-After his death the empire was divided, and became a prey to revolt and anarchy. Aureng Zebe is described as a monster of cruelty, a most despotic tyrant, living to nearly 100 years, crowned with uninterrupted prosperity and success. 1739. Kouli Khan (of Persia) conquered the Mogul Empire; and in the middle of this century the possessions of the Moguls were reduced to the city of Delhi and its territories. The English Settlements in India. 1498. Vasquez de Gama, a noble Portuguese, arrives at Calicut. 1510. Albuquerque conquers Goa; since 1559 it has been the residence of the Portuguese Governor-general. 1672. Pondicherry, the capital of a French colony.-The French power was predominant 1749; and it closed 1761. 1600. The English East India Company incorporated. 1612. The English build a factory at Surat, (to the north of Bombay), by permission from Delhi. 1658. They built Fort St. George, at Madras. 1698. They obtained various rights at Calcutta. 1717. They obtained privileges from the native authorities: first great charter of the English in Hindostan. [After the invasion of Nadir Shah, i.e. Thamas Kouli khan, &c., the Nabobs (or Nawabs) began to declare themselves independent: hence wars with each other.] 1749. Expedition into Tanjore: first enterprise against a native prince: other contests followed. 1756. The Nabob takes Calcutta; the Black Hole; hence 1757. The battle of Plassey. Lord Clive routed Surajah Dowla. This laid the foundation of the subsequent power of Great Britain in India. |