What inhabitants of the conquered states were naturalized. It was a powerful state in a narrow territory. may you call the Second Period? 2. The vigorous Youth of Rome. Describe it as to its employment, and as to time. years. Give a general idea of this period. Domestic confusion, and war with the Italian States. Mention some of these wars. Etrurian, Sabine, Volscian, Veii, Samnite, and Tarentine. What was the state of the Romans at its close? They were masters of lower Italy. Who were the Tribunes of the people? B.C. 492. 1. Magistrates created to preserve the rights of the people. What remarkable law was made, B.C. 471? The law of Publilius Volero. What was that law? That the Tribunes, the legal defenders of the commons, should be solely elected by them, (i.e. by the commons themselves), entirely apart from all patrician influence, and be competent to pass resolutions upon all affairs of state. What was its effect? The Roman constitution was now in a great measure a democracy; for the supreme authority passed very much into the hands of the commonalty. Give a general idea of the Tribunes. They possessed great power, which they soon grossly abused. Who were the Decemvirs? 2. Ten men appointed to digest a code of laws; B.C. 451. What were these laws called? The laws of the Twelve Tables. Whence were they derived or obtained? From Athens and other Grecian states. What was the leading feature at Rome in this period? War against Veii, 406: Veii taken by Camillus, 396. What do you call the Third Period of Rome? 3. Its Vigorous Manhood; Republican, not convulsed; 267-133 134. Mention the principal wars (only foreign) in this period. 1. First Carthaginian war; 264-241: Regulus, Duilius ; Hanno, Hamilcar. 2. First Illyrian war; 229, 8: the queen Teuta subdued. 3. War with the Gauls, trans- and cis-alpine; 225–222. 4. Second Illyrian war; 219: Upper Italy a Roman province. 5. Second Carthaginian war; 218-201: Hannibal, Scipio. Zama. 6. First Macedonian war; 199-196. Philip. 7. Syrian war; 191, 190: Antiochus: battle of Magnesia; the foundation of the Roman power in the East. 8. Second Macedonian war; 171-168: battle of Pydna. Rome is now in the eye of prophecy the IV. (ROMAN) EMPIRE. 9. War with the Celtiberians in Spain, 153, &c. 11. Third Macedonian war; 148; against Andriscus. Notice the dawn of Roman literature. 2. Fabius Pictor, historian, fl. B.C. 225. Plautus, writer of comedies, fl. 224. First Library at Rome, 168; the books were from Macedonia. Polybius, historian, fl. 167. Terence, comedies, died 159. Pacuvius, painter and poet, died 131. What was Rome now? The chief nation in the world. What do you call the Fourth Period of Rome? 4. The time of Civil Discord: corruption and strife: B.C. 133-30 = 103. Mention some foreign and domestic events, 1. Legislation and fate of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus ; 129-121. 2. War in Transalpine Gaul; 125—116. 3. Jugurthine war; 111-106: Metellus, Marius, Sylla. 4. War against the Cymbri and Teutones; 113-101: Carbo, Marius. 5. Servile war in Sicily; 102-99: a million of slaves 6. Marsic or Social war; 90-88: Marius, Sylla. 8. Second Mithridatic war; 83: Muræna. 9. First Civil war; 88-82: Sylla, Marius. Marius died 10. Second Civil war; 77, 76: Lepidus and Pompey. 12. Servile war; Italy: Spartacus: 73-71: Crassus. Pompey. 14. War against the Pirates; 67: Pompey. 15. Pompey subdues Palestine, and takes Jerusalem; 63. 16. Catiline's conspiracy; 63, 62. 17. First Triumvirate: Pompey, Crassus, Julius Cæsar, 60. 18. Cicero banished; 58: recalled, 57.—Crassus defeated and killed by the Parthians, 53. 19. Cæsar's nine campaigns in Gaul; 58-51: invaded 20. Third Civil war began; 49: Cæsar and Pompey. 22. Alexandrine war, 48, 47. Battle of Thapsus, 46. 23. Cæsar consul for 10 years; Dictator and Censor for life; 45. 24. Cæsar slain in the Senate House by Brutus and others; 44. 25. Second Triumvirate; 43. Octavianus, Antony, Lepi dus. 26. Two battles of Philippi; 42. Cassius, Brutus, fell. 27. Antony defeated at the battle of Actium; 31. 28. Octavianus sole ruler of the Roman world. What is the Fifth Period of Roman History. 5. Imperial: era of Emperors: B.C. 30-A.D. 476. Divide this period. 1. From Augustus to Constantine, B.C. 30-A.D. 312. -2. In the West to A.D. 476, when Ancient History ends.-3. In the East to 1453; Constantinople taken by the Turks. What great event took place in the 27th year of Augustus, (A.M. 4000) 4 years before A.D.? THE NATIVITY OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST. What countries did the Roman Empire now embrace? 1. In Europe; Italy, Gaul, Spain, part of Germany, Britain, Illyria, Greece. 2. In Asia; Asia minor, Syria, Media, Armenia. 3. In Africa; Egypt, Libya, Numidia, Mauritania. What do you say of Roman literature? It was for the most part of Grecian origin. Mention a few of their best authors. 1. Historians. Livy, Sallust, Tacitus.-2. Poets. Lucretius, Horace, Virgil, Ovid, Juvenal, Persius.-3. Philosophers. Cicero, Seneca.-4. Orators. Cicero, Hortensius, Julius Cæsar, Cato.--5. Natural History. The elder Pliny.-6. Letters. Cicero, the younger Pliny. What may you account the classic or literary period? From Terence, B.C. 166, to Juvenal, A.D. 128. What do you call the brightest part of this period? The Augustan age. Between Augustus and Augustulus we have 74 emperors; of whom we only take a cursory notice, dividing them thus: 1. Twelve Cæsars; to A.D. 96: many of them were monsters. 2. Then five good emperors; to A.D. 180: security, peace, good government. What were the names of these five better men? Nerva, Trajan, Adrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius. Who followed these? 3. Commodus; A.D. 180-192. Then military despotism prevailed; the Prætorian guards disposed of the empire; A.D. 193–284. to the time of Diocletian : about 28 emperors in 96 years. What followed this? 4. The Period of Partitions; A.D. 284—476. Decline of the empire more and more rapid: 28 emperors. How was Christianity treated? It was seldom favoured; generally opposed; repeatedly persecuted but still it was diffused, and powerful in all quarters. : |