What is the next occurrence of moment at Athens? The usurpation of Pisistratus. B.C. 563-527. Who succeeded him? His sons, Hippias and Hipparchus. How long did the usurpation last? Fifty years. B.C. 561-511. To about 25th What did Pisistratus do for literature? He collected the works of Homer. 46th year after We are now come to the most important part of Grecian History, and we must view it in its several portions.-The Historical period began with B.C. 776, and we are now at the close of the usurpation of Pisistratus, B.C. 511; 265 years.Hipparchus was slain, B.C. 516; Hippias was expelled, and fled to Persia, B.C. 510.-Sardis, the capital of Lydia, was burnt by the Athenians six years after his expulsion; B.C. 504.-Confining ourselves to these 500 years, we may give the following outline of them. 1. Athenian Power. i. Persian war. B.C. 500-449. iii. Peloponnesian war. B.C. 431-404. 2. Lacedemonian Power. B.C. 405-376. 3. Theban Power. B.C. 380–363. 4. Macedonian Power. B.C. 360-168. 5. Roman Power. B.C. 168. 1. Athenian Power.-Mention noted battles in the Persian war. Marathon. B.C. 490. Miltiades. Thermopyla. B.C. 480. Leonidas and Spartans. Sea fight of Salamis. Themistocles. Platea. B.C. 479. Pausanias and Aristides. Mycale. Xantippus and Leotychidas. Who ended the Persian war, B.C. 449? Cimon, son of Miltiades, by two victories on one day, at the Eurymedon, a river of Pamphylia. What does the age of Pericles comprise? Thirty-eight years. B.C. 467-429. Ezra, Nehemiah. Who and what was he? The son of Xantippus; a commander, statesman, and orator. Mention the bright and flourishing period of Athens. Forty years. B.C. 470–430. What may you account the period of Grecian splendour? Mention some great men between B.C. 776 and 490. Philosophers. Plato, Socrates, Aristotle, Democritus, Poets. Pindar, Eschylus, Euripides, Aristophanes, Historians. Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon. Sculptors. Phidias, Praxitiles. Painters. Zeuxis, Parrhasius, Apelles. How do you estimate these men—I mean the writers ? As models of taste; of correct thought and expression. Have they had great influence on modern literature? Extensive and permanent. What war followed the Persian? The Peloponnesian. B.C. 431-404. Between whom was it carried on? Between the Athenians and Spartans. What calamity befell Athens at its beginning? Mention a disastrous part of this war? The war in Sicily. B.C. 416-413. Malachi. How did the Peloponnesian war end? Athens was subdued by Lysander. Ægos Potamos. B.C. 405. 1. Lacedemonian Power.-Who is called the second founder of Athens ? Thrasybulus. He expelled, B.C. 401, the thirty tyrants who had been appointed rulers by Lysander. What great military event in Asia marks the year B.C. 401? The battle of Cunaxa, and the Retreat of the 10,000 Greeks. What great philosopher was at this time put to death at Athens ? Socrates. B.C. 399. Mention two generals who strove to exalt Athens and humble Sparta. Alcibiades and Conon. Give an idea of the former. To the principles of a debauchee, he added the sagacity of of a statesman, the intrepidity of a general, and the humanity of a philosopher. What Grecian state made war again with Persia ? Sparta, under Agesilaus. B.C. 396-394. How did this war end: B.C. 387? By the peace of Antalcidas, the Spartan admiral. 3. Theban Power.—Where was Thebes? (now Thiva.) In Boeotia: north of Attica. What is said of the Boeotians as to talent? They were accounted a stupid race. What eminent writers did they produce? Hesiod, Pindar, and Plutarch. Who raised Thebes to political eminence? Pelopidas and Epaminondas. B.C. 380-363. Against whom did they fight? Against the Spartans, who had basely seized the Cadmea. Mention a battle fought, B.C. 371. Leuctra Sparta lost the empire of Greece. In what battle did Epaminondas fall? In the battle of Mantinea. B.C. 363. What is said of his death? "The greatness of Thebes, and even of Greece, was buried in his grave." 4. Macedonian Power.-Where was Macedonia, and what is it now? Northward of Greece: part of Roumelia. Mention the first stage of its power in this period of time. From B.C. 360, when Philip became king, to B.C. 338, when the battle of Choronea was fought. Where was Choronea? A city of Boeotia, north-west of Thebes. What did this battle effect? It established the power of Macedonia over Greece. What took place during these 22 years? There were several wars; as the confederate war ; three sacred wars; Olynthian, &c. Mention the two great characters at this time. Demosthenes, the patriotic orator: Philip, the crafty, Mention the second stage of Macedonian Power. III. THE MACEDO-GRECIAN EMPIRE. B.C. 331-167. The period of Macedonian Power at which we now glance, has been termed "a disgusting series of uninteresting revolutions:" and such with the exception of a few years, it un doubtedly is, so far as Greece itself is concerned.—Slightly sketch the reign of Alexander the Great. B. C. 336. Philip slain by Pausanias, Alexander succeeds him. 335. Invaded Greece: demolished Thebes. 334. Asia Minor: battle of Granicus; a river of Bithynia. 333. Battle of Issus: a town of Cilicia. 332. Tyre taken: Gaza: Jerusalem visited: Egypt received him. 331. Alexandria founded: battle of Arbela: (a city of Assyria.) 330. Media, Hyrcania, Parthia, Khorassan, Affghanistan. 329. Bactria, Samarkand, &c.: 1 year spent in these parts. 327. Candahar, Cabul, Attock: (predecessors of the Sikhs.) 326. Crosses the Indus, &c.: conquers Porus; and places the Punjab under his dominion: reaches the banks of the Sutlej. 325. Advances along the Indus. 324. Arrives at Susa, through the deserts. 323. Dies at Babylon; in his thirty-third year: “and all his mighty projects came to nought.” What war was excited in Greece on the death of Alexander? The Lamian war: the Greeks resolved to free their country from the Macedonian garrisons. What was the result? The Greeks were overwhelmed in a battle near Crannon, in Thessaly. How is Greece to be viewed at this time? Though composed of various republics, it was little more than a Macedonian province. What became of the orator Demosthenes? B.C. 322. He poisoned himself, that he might not be given up to the Macedonians. |