Isaac. What do you understand by the deluge of Ogyges, B.C. 1785? Athens founded? B.C. 1556; by Cecrops, from Egypt. Moses. Mention another deluge, B.C. 1548. Deluge of Deucalion; Thessaly. What is recorded of his son Hellen? 15th year of That he settled in Thessaly, and expelled the Pelasgi.— Mention the four chief branches of the Hellenic tribe. About what time is Corinth said to have been built? About B.C. 1520. 51st year of Moses. When, and by whom, was Thebes founded? B.C. 1519, (or as some, B.C. 1493,) by Cadmus, a What is recorded of him? He introduced sixteen letters of the Alphabet.-From When, and by whom, was Sparta or Lacedæmon founded? What noted Council was established, B.C. 1507? The Council of Areopagus. Who settled in Argos, B.C. 1500? 71st year of Moses. Mention a council established B.C. 1497. 74th year of Moses. Greece. Who reigned, B.C. 1495, in Phthiotis (in Thessaly)? 76th of Moses. year Hellen, son of Deucalion. Mention his three sons. Eolus, Dorus, and Xuthus. You have mentioned the four branches of the Hellenic tribe :from whom did the Achæans and Ionians descend? From Achæus and Io, sons of Xuthus. Mention a noted city built by Dardanus. Troy; B.C. 1481, in Asia Minor. 90th year of Moses. When, and by whom, were the Olympic games first observed? B.C. 1453; by the Idæi Dactyli; priests of Cybele. 118th year of Moses. Mention a great man in Crete, B.C. 1406. Othniel. Minos, king and law-giver. Who settled in Argos, B.C. 1400? Pelops, from Phrygia; he gave his name to southern Greece, Peloponnesus. Mention a noted king of Athens, B.C. 1399. Erectheus; he instituted the Eleusinian mysteries. What was taught in these mysteries? The unity of God; the immortality of the soul; a future state of reward and punishment. What ceremonies were connected with them? Such as were childish and ridiculous. Mention a poem published B.C. 1374. The Rape of Proserpine, by Orpheus. Mention a kingdom founded B.C. 1344. Eglon. Mention a king of Athens B.C. 1300, and what he did. Shamgar. divided the citizens into three classes, nobles, artisans, and labourers; and gave them a common constitution. Mention a noted maritime Expedition, B.C. 1263. Deborah. The Argonautic; to Colchis; now Mingrelia: the Colchians were the Hollanders of those days. Mention a celebrated siege of ten years. Jephthah. The siege of Troy, B.C. 1193-1184. Mention a great change in Peloponnesus, B.C. 1104. Samuel. The return of the Heraclide to the Peloponnesus: a long period of civil war and bloodshed. At this time the Greeks began to colonise. Mention some of these colonies. The Dorians migrated to Italy and Sicily; The Eolians to Asia Minor; Nileus led some Athenians or Ionians, to Asia Minor: hence the name Ionia: Between B.C. 1124 and 1044. Eli-David. Mention two poets in these ages. Rehoboam, &c. Hesiod and Homer; between B.C. 968 and 884. Mention an epoch in legislation, B.C. 870. Athaliah. Lycurgus established his laws at Sparta. What is said of Phidon, king of the Argives, B.C. 870? Joash. He is said to have invented Scales and Measures, and to have coined silver at Ægina. Such are a few scattered links, to speak so, in the broken chain of History. Many at least of the dates are very uncertain. But here we see that men were restless, active, and enterprising; they cultivated arts; they attended to legislation and government; to commerce, and also to poetry. Our attention will now be chiefly given to Athens: but we must make a few remarks on Sparta.-A double monarchy, or two kings, ruled there, in their separate branches, nearly 900 years; from B.C. 1102 to 202. Procles and Eurysthenes, two brothers, descendants of the Heraclidæ, began to reign B.C. 1102. Their successors filled the throne to B.C. 210, when, under the two last kings, Lycurgus and Agesipolis, the monarchical power was abolished. Machanidas was tyrant there, B.C. 210-208: then Nabis, B.C. 206-192. In B.C. 191, Lacedæmon joined the Achæan league, and shared the fate of that confederacy, all becoming subject to Rome, B.C. 147. The power of the Spartan kings was checked by the watchful eye of the Ephori.-Lycurgus, B.C. 884, reformed and new modelled the Constitution. He attended especially to the regulation of manners, and went on the principle, that 'Luxury is the bane of Society." He substituted iron money for gold; prohibited commerce and useless arts; and necessary ones were only practised by slaves. The Spartan Education rejected all embellishments of the understanding, and nourished only the severer virtues. It taught the duties of religion; respect for parents; reverence for old age; inflexible honour; undaunted courage; contempt of danger and of death; and above all, the love of glory and of their country. The manners of the women were shamefully loose: parental or maternal tenderness was unknown: and the slaves were treated with the most barbarous rigour.-The institutions of Lycurgus had no other end than to make a nation of soldiers. We now turn to Athens: and you will observe that we are come to the period which we called, 2. Historical: that is to the time of Authentic History: B.C. 776. Mention the forms of government which successively existed at Athens. 1. Regal; 17 kings; Cecrops the first, B.C. 1556; Codrus the last, B.C. 1068; that is, from the 16th year of Moses, to the 27th of Saul. 2. Perpetual Archons 13; Medon, the first, B.C. 1068; Alcmæon, the last, B.C. 752; that is, from the 27th year of Saul, to the 7th of Jotham. 3. Decennial Archons 7; Charops, the first, B.C. 752; Eryxias, the last, B.C. 682; that is, from the 7th year of Jotham, to the 17th of Manasseh. 4. Annual Archons; Creon, the first, B.C. 682; Diognetus, the last, B.C. 264; that is, from the 17th year of Manasseh, to about the 59th of subjection to Egypt and Syria. Mention an Archon and Reformer, B.C. 624. 17th of Josiah. Draco: a legislator. What is said of his laws? That they were "written in blood." Mention a reformer of a different description. Solon; B.C. 595. 4th year of Zedekiah. (Give an idea of him. He had extensive knowledge; was mild and temporising. tained it. Mention a few particulars in his system of government. He divided the citizens into four classes. The fourth, the most numerous, had an equal right of suffrage. He instituted a senate of four hundred. He committed the guardianship of the laws to the Areopagus. His laws were humane: such too, were those relating to slaves. Contrast the Lacedemonians and the Athenians. Among the Lacedemonians, Arts were despised; Jealousy of liberty; Courage from ferocity; Among the Athenians, Arts were esteemed; A military establishment; |