(C.) Benevolent Emotions as to Character.

Does our Good Opinion of others excite emotion?

It does.

1. What is Approbation?

A decision of judgment connected with delight. 2. What is Esteem?

It is higher than approbation: it describes the value we put upon some worth: it is the commencement of affection.

3. What is Respect?

The impression made by goodness of character and good

sense.

4. What is Admiration?

The feeling excited by whatever indicates superior wisdom, ingenuity, good sense, benevolence, courage, &c.

5. What is Veneration?

High respect, in which the mind is struck with wisdom connected with the sterner virtues.

6. What is Awe?

A feeling excited by the lively idea of power:-power that would inspire terror, were it not modified by the idea of safety.

7. What is Reverence?

Veneration paid to superior sanctity, with a degree of awe.

(a.) Occasional.

What is the emotion excited by the sight, &c. of Evil?

Displacency: displeasure.

What are the objects of this emotion?

Persons, and ill conduct.

What does it produce in the breast?

A desire to resist, retaliate, punish.

How does this state of the heart show itself?

In various ways.

1. What is Anger?

An emotion of instant displeasure, arising from the feeling of injury done or intended, or from the omission of good offices to which we conceived ourselves to be entitled.

For what is anger designed, as a part of our constitution? It is as a weapon put into our hands against injury, injustice, and cruelty.

2. What is Passion?

The abuse of anger.

3. What is Peevishness?

A measure of anger languidly discharging itself against everything that comes in its way.

4. What is Rage?

The madness of anger; producing threats, or extravagant or atrocious actions.

5. What is Revenge?

A strong desire to sacrifice pity and humanity to the principles of vindictive justice.

6. What is Resentment?

Hasty and sudden displeasure: a mere instinct.
settled and deliberate displeasure.

Quote the words of St. Paul. Eph. iv. 26.

"Let not the sun go down upon your wrath."

Or

7. What is Suspicion?

Comfortless doubt as to the character and conduct of another.

8. What is Jealousy?

Apprehension of rivalship: anxious solicitude lest we be supplanted in the affections of those whom we most

esteem.

(b.) Permanent.

What are the Permanent emotions produced by Displacency? They are many.

1. What is Malignity?

Radical depravity of nature, cherishing inveterate hatred: maintaining implacable war against its object: deliberately planning schemes of mischief: and employing every means to the prejudice of another.

2. What is Malice?

It is "having spite:" the disposition of an inferior mind to execute every purpose of mischief.

3. What is Envy?

A sort of Malevolence made up of sorrow, anger, pride, &c. 4. What is Rancour?

A degree of malice that preys on its possessor.

5. What is Cruelty?

It is seen in the unmoved contemplation, and in the voluntary infliction, of misery.

6. What is Censoriousness?

A disposition to find fault with others; declaring every action improper, or ascribing it to improper motives.

7. What is Prejudice?

The opposite of Partiality: a degree of malevolence which

disposes us to prejudge the character, &c. of any one to his disadvantage, without proper evidence before us.

8. What is Ingratitude?

Insensibility to benefits.

9. What is Apathy?

A singular stagnation of social feelings: the disgraceful negative of every social affection.

(B.) Malevolent Affections as to Character.

Are not certain affections excited at the view of the character and conduct of others?

They are.

1. What is Horror?

The antipode of admiration: a painful feeling excited by the contemplation of atrocity, &c.

2. What is Indignation?

A strong and elevated disapprobation of mind, excited by something flagitious in the conduct of another.

Give some notion of its composition.

Vivid dislike, desire of vengeance, &c.

3. What is Contempt?

A more calm affection than the preceding. It looks at the character and disposition which is capable of committing unworthy actions.

What objects excite it?

Radical baseness and imbecility, where neither ought to exist.

4. What is Disdain ?

Such a degree of contempt as precludes any commerce with the party despised.

5. What is Irrision?

A feeling inspired by any peculiarty of sentiment, disposition, or conduct, which violates an acknowledged law of congruity.

III. EMOTIONS EXCITED BY OUTWARD THINGS, WITHOUT REFERRING TO GOOD OR EVIL.

1. What is Beauty?

In our minds it is an emotion: in outward things it is the aptitude to produce it.

Is it a sensation?

No: it is an emotion subsequent to the perception or conception of the object termed beautiful.

Is the emotion universal as to mankind, or uniform as to the individual?

It is neither.

Does beauty exist in objects independently of the mind that perceives them?

No: we ourselves spread the charm over the object. Does this emotion vary?

Yes: like other emotions, with the varying tendencies of the mind, in different circumstances.

2. What is Sublimity?

An affection of our mind; not a quality of anything external.

Give a notion of it without beauty.

It is only an astonishment and a certain impression of immeasurable greatness or power, more akin to terror than to any pleasurable emotion.

Give a notion of it with beauty.

It is often beauty united with a feeling of undefined grandeur in its object, and a consequent delightful astonishment, between admiration and awe.

What is it in relation to moral actions?

A combination of the pleasing emotion of beauty, with admiring astonishment and love, or respectful reve

rence.

Is sublimity one emotion?