United States. It has a staff of approximately one hundred professional research people with a varied background and training in physics, mathematics, statistics, all engineering fields, management sciences, and chemistry. In addition to services performed for a variety of agencies of the U.S. Government, Operations Research, Inc., has undertaken studies for commercial organizations, among which are included Western Maryland Railroad Co., Delta Airlines, General Motors Corp., and Slick Airways. Scope: Analysis of different kinds of rapid transit vehicles (both existing vehicles and those in the research and development stage) including (1) five conventional train systems; (2) a dual-purpose vehicle bus capable of operating as a single unit on public streets and of being coupled as trains on an exclusive rightof-way; (3) ground effect machines. Use of report: Basis for choice of vehicle system. 2. High level and low level subways, preliminary engineering study Date of report: November 1961. Contractor: Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas, New York, N.Y. Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas has been engaged in transportation engineering for over 60 years. The first subway to be built in the United States was designed and constructed by this firm in New York City a half century ago. Since then extensive preliminary engineering, final design and/or construction has been undertaken by this firm for the New York companies on an almost continuous basis. Scope: Comparison of high-level and low-level subways, producing information on design, construction procedures, and estimated construction costs. Methods of construction analyzed were cut-and-cover, shield tunneling, ground solidification, and the Milan method. Use of report: Engineering design decisions. 3. A model for estimating travel mode usage in Washington, D.C. Date of report: July 1962. Contractor: Traffic Research Corp., New York, N.Y., an outstanding consultant in traffic analysis techniques. Their comprehensive regional traffic forecasting technique has been successfully used in transportation planning studies conducted by the Toronto Planning Board. The technique has been reported on in detail in recent highway research board publications. Scope: Discussion of (1) program specification, (2) input to modal split program block, (3) calculation procedures followed by modal split program (4) program output, and (5) operating instructions. Also graphs of 1955 and 1961 showing relationship of traveltime, cost, convenience, and economic status to people's choice of method of travel (transit or highway). Use of report: Procedures developed in these studies were used by NCTA in estimating transit and highway use. 4. Notes on land use for 1980 Washington metropolitan area Date of report: May 1962. Contractor: Hammer & Co., Associates, Washington, D.C. Hammer & Co. is experienced in land use studies for industrial development, area redevelopment, shopping centers and housing markets. Scope: A forecast of where people will live and work. Use of report: Traffic forecasts in the 552 small areas which comprise the Washington Metropolitan area. 5. Commuter railroad study Date of report: May 1962. Contractor: Louis T. Klauder & Associates, Philadelphia, Pa. This firm has been engaged in transit engineering work since 1935. The firm worked on the Delaware River Bridge high-speed line as well as extensive railroad and transit work for the New Jersey Department of Economic Development, the city of Philadelphia, the New Jersey Highway Department, and the South Jersey highspeed project. Scope: Analysis of engineering feasibility and cost of using rail lines in the National Capital region for commuter services on an interim basis, and on a longterm basis to be meshed with a downtown subway system. Use of report: Provided a basis for the final decision to use the Pennsylvania Railroad line to Bowie for commuter rail operations and to use the B. & O. and R.F. & P. rights-of-way for rapid transit operations. 6. Proposed subways as dual-purpose fallout shelters, preliminary study of incremental costs Date of report: September 13, 1962. Contractor: Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas, New York, N.Y. Scope: To explore use of the proposed Washington subway as community fallout shelters, to develop preliminary estimates of the additional costs that might be involved, and to determine the number of people that could be accommodated. Result: Led the Agency to conclude that it is feasible to incorporate fallout protection features in the proposed subway. A subway used as a fallout shelter will accommodate 3,100 to 3,300 people per 1,000 linear feet. The cost would very between $176 to $1,000 per linear foot of subway, depending upon whether the cut-and-cover or the tunneling method of subway construction is used. 7. Transit station impact Date of report: September 1962. Contractor: Alan M. Voorhees & Associates, Robert Gladstone, Washington, D.C. Alan Voorhees Associates is a highly respected traffic and land planning firm. Scope: This was an investigation of the projected impact of a proposed transit line and station, Takoma Park, upon land development in the immediately surrounding area. Study was also made of the actual impact of rapid transit stations in Toronto and in U.S. cities with rapid transit systems. Use of report: This report helped to establish the principle that station locations should be determined to a large degree on the basis of growth potential for high density residential and commercial uses. 8. Report, foundation investigation, phase I, proposed rapid transit system Date of report: August 1962. 9. Report, foundation investigation, phase II, priorities I and II Date of report: September 1962. 10. Preliminary report, foundation investigation, phase II, priority I Date of report: December 1962. 11. Report, foundation investigation, phase II, priorities I, II, III, IV, and IV-A Date of report: April 1963. Contractor: Dames & Moore, New York, N.Y. The firm of Dames & Moore has been engaged in the practice of earth sciences engineering since 1938. A staff of well over 100 operating out of 11 offices throughout the United States, have served clients in 39 countries on soils problems of a widely diversified nature requiring field operations, laboratory tests, engineering studies and analyses. Among their clients are major organizations in industry and government including the U.S. Corps of Engineers, Atomic Energy Commission, Navy, Air Force, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scope: This was a two-part study. First, the contractor collected all available data concerning subsurface conditions in Washington, D.C., along proposed alternative routes for a Washington, D.C., subway. This included soil data from various departments and agencies of the District of Columbia, the U.S. Government, and private companies. This data was analyzed and used as the basis for planning more extensive foundation investigations. Part 2 of the study involved soil borings along the proposed routes of the subway. Use of the report: To establish the proposed construction techniques and the cost estimates contained in the November report. 12. Preliminary engineering and estimate of cost for routes A, B, and C of a rapid transit system for National Capital Transportation Agency Date of report: September 1962. Contractor: Kaiser Engineers, Oakland, Calif. The Kaiser organization has been engaged in a broad range of engineering and construction services since 1914. A substantial portion of this work has involved major underground engineering and construction throughout the world including aqueduct, hydropower, vehicular and rapid transit tunnels. A few examples are the Delaware Aque duct for New York; State Street and Dearborn Street subways in Chicago; the Snowy Mountain project in Australia involving 22 miles of tunnels; and the recently completed 11-mile Clear Creek project. Scope: Preparation of preliminary plans and cost estimates of a major portion of the downtown subway. Use of report: Used to develop final cost estimates presented in November 1962 report to the President. 13. Use of excess land and air rights, case study Date of report: August 1962. Contractor: Larry Smith & Co., Washington, D.C. This firm provides market and financial counsel for real estate development. In this country it has done work for Downtown Progress, Washington, D.C.; the Pittsburgh Regional Planning Commission, the Philadelphia Planning Commission, the Philadelphia Industrial Development Corp., and a number of redevelopment authorities. Scope: Explored the possibilities for resale of surface and air rights of rapid transit right-of-way. Use of report: Background information in preparation of the November report. 14. Difficult ground-tunneling techniques, engineering study Date of report: December 1962. Contractor: Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas, New York, N.Y. Scope: Engineering study to review and evaluate existing tunneling techniques and to discover new or improved techniques which may be applied to subway construction in Washington, D.C. Use of report: Used in development of cost estimates of subway construction. 15. Final report, rail rapid transit on the Alexandria-Springfield route, Lafayette Square to Four-Mile Run. Date of report: March 1963. Contractor: De Leuw, Cather & Associates, Chicago, Ill. De Leuw, Cather & Co. is a recognized authority in transportation, planning, design, and construction. The firm has served as consultant on construction of the State Street Subway in Chicago; served as principal consultant on the design and construction of the Cleveland Rapid Transit system and played a major role in the design and construction of the Yonge Street Subway system in Toronto. Since then the firm has engaged in additional projects in design and supervision of construction on University and Bloor-Danforth routes in the same city. Scope: Preparation of preliminary plans and estimates of costs of the rail rapid transit route extending from the vicinity of 15th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW. in the District of Columbia past Pentagon city, Arlington County, Va., to the right-of-way of the Richmond, Fredricksburg & Potomac Railroad. Use of report: Provided information concerning construction costs used by the Agency in its November report. 16. Preliminary report-alternate plans for rail rapid transit crossings of the Potomac River Date of report: October 1962. Contractor: De Leuw, Cather & Associates, Chicago, Ill. Scope: Comparison of construction characteristics, construction cost, operating characteristics and operating costs of alternate plans for rail rapid transit crossings of the Potomac River. Use of report: Basis for Agency's decision that savings in construction costs justified using a single river crossing. 17. Construction cost estimates of two subways for motor bus operation Date of report: October 1962. Contractor: Day & Zimmermann Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. This firm has diversified experience in engineering design and construction, feasibility studies, traffic and transportation, engineering and economic studies for financial institutions, industrial organization, public utilities and Government agencies. It has made traffic and transportation studies of highways, railroads, bus, high-speed rapid transit, airports, bridges, and tunnels. Scope: Determined the cost of a bus subway which could ultimately be converted to rail operations. Use of report: Study showed a bus subway with a capacity of 7,500 to 15,000 persons per hour would cost approximately $23 million per mile to build. This was considerably higher than construction costs for a rail subway with a capacity of 30,000 to 40,000 persons per hour. sion not to recommend an all-bus system. This was a factor in the Agency's deci 18. Consumer services revenue development, report phase I Date of report: September 1962. Contractor: Horace S. Ely & Co., New York, N.Y. The firm is one of the Nation's oldest and best known real estate companies. It is the only real estate company which has a public terminal consumer revenue department which includes recognized authorities on the creation and development of sources of revenue from consumer services at railroad and bus terminals and airports. Scope: The study provided the Agency with estimates of revenues which might be derived from sources other than the farebox, such as restaurants, newsstands and other concessionaires. Types and numbers of revenue sources and facilities were supplied to the Agency for its proposed rapid transit system. Data from the experience of other cities were also supplied by the contractor. Use of report: This information was used by the Agency as a basis for estimating potential nonpassenger revenue, which estimates were included in the November report. 19. Pilot research study on intrazero sector trips Date of report: September 1961. Contractor: Sidney Hollander Associates, Baltimore, Md. Contractor is wellknown, market research firm, well qualified in data techniques, sampling, and analysis. Scope: This study was designed to test the feasibility of gathering information on downtown trips by use of a telephone interview. Use of report: Used for traffic studies. 20. Evaluating comparative costs and benefits of alternative programs for meeting incremental transportation needs of Washington, D.C. Date of report: March 1962. Contractor: Economics Associates, Washington, D.C. This firm has a broad background in transportation, as well as industrial, community, and regional development. Scope: Develop a detailed procedure to be used in analysis of relative costs and benefits of alternative transportation systems for the National Capital region. Use of report: Basic guidelines formulated by study were utilized in analysis of alternative transportation systems. 21. Cost comparisons of alternative transportation systems in the Shirley Highway corridor Date of report: June 1962. Contractor: Economics Associates, Washington, D.C. Scope: A study of each route in the Shirley Highway corridor as proposed by NCTA and the MTS, based on relative costs and benefits. Use of report: Used as background information for decision on routes in Shirley Highway corridor. 22. An express street system for the north corridor of the inner loop-A case study Date of report: October 1962. Contractor: Blair & Stein Associates, Washington, D.C. This firm has recognized ability in traffic operations and traffic planning work, including highway design. Scope: A study of alternatives to an interstate freeway in the north leg area, including cost and relocation estimates. Use of report: Utilized by the Agency in making its final recommendations on highways. 23. A survey of commuter attitudes toward rapid transit systems Date of report: March 1963. Contractor: National Analysts, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. National Analysts, Inc., is one of the Nation's leading market research firms. It has performed market research and public opinion surveys for a number of the largest American corporations, as well as for many government and private research organizations. Their expertise in the field of statistical sampling, questionnaire design, and qualitative research techniques is well known. The firm has a national staff of trained field interviewers on which it calls for local opinion surveys. Scope: A survey, conducted according to the latest accepted methods of scientific sampling, of a sample of 2,005 people who commute regularly to and from the downtown District of Columbia area. Its purpose was to determine reactions and attitudes toward rapid transit as contrasted to other possible methods of transportation. On the basis of the survey, the contractor concluded that: (1) The market for a rapid transit system is estimated to be as high as between 85 and 90 percent of Washington commuters, (2) commuters prefer a rapid transit system to improved highways almost 2 to 1, (3) commuters prefer rail vehicles to buses by 3 to 1, (4) commuters who live in other cities where rail rapid transit and/or commuter railroad facilities are part of public transportation make use of them and like them. Use of study: Agency initiated this study as a check on the validity of its traffic estimates. Mr. WHITENER. Whom would you like to go forward with at this point? Mr. STOLZENBACH. I believe, Mr. Chairman, that the order of witnesses calls for the chairman of our Advisory Board to appear next. Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Thomas L. Farmer. Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Chairman, will we have the right to ask questions? Mr. WHITENER. Let's do this, if you will. You have some other men from your agency. Let's let them proceed now and then the committee members can ask questions of the agency people. Did you want Mr. Seeger and Mr. Quenstedt to testify or just to be available for questions? Mr. STOLZENBACH. The two gentlemen scheduled to appear next are from out of town and came in precisely for this morning's hearing, Mr. Hyde and Mr. Kerr. We hope that you can hear them this morning. Mr. WHITENER. Would that be agreeable to you gentlemen? They are from out of town. Mr. HARSHA. I have no objection as to the order, but I would like to ask questions and my questions will be lengthy so we had better put them on first. Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Kerr, will you come around? STATEMENT OF JAMES R. KERR, CHAIRMAN, ADVISORY COM- Mr. KERR. You have already met Mr. Seeger. I am accompanied also by Mr. Williams R. McGill, vice president of Wainwright & Ramsey, consultants on municipal finance. The Administrator has already covered much of the financial detail. I want to tell you a little bit of the operation of the Advisory Committee on Finance, who its members are and our method of analyzing and looking at the financial program as developed by the Administrator and his staff. The Advisory Committee on Finance was established by the Agency under section 203 (a) of the National Capital Transportation Act of |