the surface, after which cement grout shall be poured and broomed into the spaces between the stones, this operation being continued until the grout remains about 1 inch below the tops of the stones. The grout shall be of such consistency that it will flow readily into the spaces between the stones, but it shall not be so wet that the solid matter separates from the water. 622.05 Mortared Rubble. The pavement stones shall be laid with flat faces up and their longest, dimension parallel to the gutter line. Joints shall be broken and shall not exceed 1 inch in width. After each stone has been rammed into place and the surface is satisfactory, mortar shall be applied on its exposed side in such quantities that when the adjacent stone is placed and rammed into position the mortar shall fill, to within an inch of the surface, the interstices between the rock, but shall not protrude above their tops. The finished rock surface shall be free from mortar stain.

622.06 Reinforced Concrete and Rubble. Upon the prepared foundation constructed to the lines and grades established by the Engineer, a reinforced concrete foundation shall be as shown on the plans. This foundation shall be constructed progressively with the laying of surface stones in such a manner that stones shall be securely bedded in the concrete before it hardens. The face of stone in contact with the concrete shall be clean and free from any defects that will impair its bond with the concrete. Prior to laying, stones shall be thoroughly wetted, with allowance of ample time for absorption to near saturation. Joints between stones shall be filled with mortar. Adequate means shall be provided for keeping the reinforcement steel bedded within the middle third of the depth of the concrete as construction proceeds. 622.07 Bituminous Mixture:.

(a) Preparing mixture.—The mixing may be done in either a rotary or pugmill type mixer or by spreading the aggregate on a flat, firm surface, off the area to be surfaced, applying the bituminous material and mixing by road-mix methods. If a pugmill is used, it may be either the batch or continuous type.

Except when emulsified asphalt is used, the aggregate shall not contain more than 2 percent of moisture at the time it is mixed with the bituminous materials. However, if the Contractor elects to use an additive approved by the Engineer, the aggregate may contain moisture up to a maximum of 5 percent.

Bituminous material shall be applied to the aggregate or introduced into the mixture at the temperature at which the aggregate will be coated uniformly and completely.

When mixing is done in a mixer, the mixing period, measured from the time all materials are in the mixer until they are discharged, shall not be less than 40 seconds. When road-mix methods are used, the mixing shall continue until all aggregate particles are uniformly coated with bituminous material.

(b) Forms. If shown on the plans, forms of a type satisfactory to the Engineer shall be staked securely into position at the correct line and elevation. Other approved equipment and methods may be used.

(c) Placing mixture.-The mixture shall be placed on the prepared bed only when the bed is sufficiently dry and weather conditions are suitable. The mixture shall be placed in one or more courses of uniform thickness as shown on the plans. Each course shall be smoothed by raking or screeding and shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling with a hand-operated roller weighing not less than 300 pounds or with a small power roller of a type satisfactory to the Engineer. Areas that cannot be reached with rollers may be compacted with hand tampers. After compaction, the surfacing shall be of the nominal thickness and cross-section shown on the plans, shall be smooth and even, and of a dense and uniform texture.

622.08 Concrete Paving. Concrete paving shall be class A, plain or reinforced as shown by the plans, conforming to applicable subsections of Sections 552 and 554.

622.09 Finishing Work. For all types of paved waterway, any forms used shall be removed and necessary repairs made to edges of the waterway. The adjacent slopes and shoulders shall be shaped and compacted to the required cross section.

Method of Measurement

622.10 The quantities to be paid for will be the number of square yards, surface measurement, of paved waterway of the several kinds, completed and accepted. Bed course material will be measured by the ton.

Basis of Payment

622.11 The quantities, determined as provided above, will be paid for at the contract price per unit of measurement, respectively, for each of the particular pay items listed below that is shown in the bid schedule, which prices and payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this section, including excavation and backfill.

623.01 This work shall consist of right-of-way monuments, maintenance markers, and similar monuments or posts furnished and installed in reasonably close conformity with these specifications and with the sizes, dimensions and design at the locations shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer.

Materials

623.02 Materials shall be as shown on the plans, or as in the special provisions specified in the following sections or subsections:

Metal, paint, and warning reflectors, if required, shall conform to the requirements shown on the plans or in the special provisions.

For concrete monuments, markers and posts supplied by an established commercial manufacturer, whose capability of producing specification monuments has been well established by both testing and performance, the Contractor may request the Engineer's approval of the units without sampling and testing. Written approval shall be obtained prior to installation of the units on the project.

Construction Requirements

623.03 Fabrication and installation of monuments and markers shall be as shown on the plans or in the special provisions and shall include attaching warning reflectors and painting if required. Each monument and marker shall be set accruately at the required location and elevation and in such manner as to insure its being held firmly in place.

Method of Measurement

623.04 The quantities to be paid for will be the actual number of monuments and markers of the types shown in the bid schedule, furnished, placed, and accepted.

Basis of Payment

623.05 The quantities, determined as provided above, will be paid for at the contract price per unit of measurement, respectively, for each of the particular pay items listed below that is shown in the bid schedule, which prices and payment shall be full compensation for the work prescribed in this section.

624.01 This work shall consist of topsoil furnished, transported, and spread, or topsoil removed from designated stockpiles, hauled, and spread, in reasonably close conformity with these specifications at the locations shown on the plans or as designated by the Engineer.

Materials

624.02 Materials. Materials shall meet the requirements specified in the following subsection of Section 700-Materials.

Topsoil...

Construction Requirements

713.01

624.03 Topsoil Furnished by the Contractor. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least 5 days before he intends to start topsoil stripping operations.

624.04 Placing. Whenever slope areas to be topsoiled are steeper than 3:1 these slopes shall be disked or scarified to the depths indicated on the plans prior to placing topsoil. After the Engineer has approved the graded areas, topsoil shall be spread to a depth which, after settlement, will provide the nominal depth shown on the plans. Spreading shall not be done when the ground or topsoil is frozen, excessively wet, or otherwise in a condition detrimental to the work. The roadway surfaces shall be kept clean during hauling and spreading operations.

After spreading has been completed, large clods, stones larger than 2 inches and any roots, stumps, and other litter shall be raked up and removed and disposed of at an approved location.

Method of Measurement

624.05 The quantities to be paid for will be the number of cubic yards of topsoil complete in place and accepted. Topsoil furnished by the Contractor will be measured in the vehicles at the point of delivery. Topsoil furnished from designated stockpiles will be measured in the original position.

Basis of Payment

624.06 The quantities, determined as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price respectively, for each of the particular pay items listed below that is shown in the bid schedule, which prices and payment will be full compensation for furnishing, when so required, and placing all material, including all labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this section, except that when provided for in the special provisions, payment for overhaul of topsoil from designated stockpiles will be made in accordance with Section 205. If not otherwise provided, preparation of areas to be topsoiled will be included for payment under the work of this section.

625.01 This work shall consist of soil preparation, seeding, fertilizing, liming if required, and mulching on all areas designated for seeding as shown on the plans or where directed by the Engineer in reasonably close conformity with these specifications.

Materials

625.02 Materials shall meet the requirements specified in the following subsections of Section 700-Materials:

625.03 The Contractor shall carry out erosion control items of work such as seeding as provided in the contract.

(a) Soil preparation.—All areas to be seeded shall be cultivated to provide a reasonably firm, but friable seedbed. Depth of cultivation shall be as shown on the plans unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. On slopes steeper than 3:1, depth of cultivation may be reduced as directed. All areas to be seeded shall meet the specified finish grades, be free of any weed or plant growth, stones of at least two inches in diameter or larger, or other debris. Limestone, if required, shall be applied uniformly either prior to or during soil preparation, and shall be incorporated into the soil surface to the depth shown on the plans. The application of limestone after soil preparation has been completed shall be only on approval of the Engineer. (b) Seeding seasons.-The normal seasonal dates for seeding shall be as shown on the plans or designated in the special provisions. Seeding shall not be done during windy weather or when the ground is excessively wet, frozen or otherwise untillable.

(c) Application methods.—Seed, fertilizer, limestone and mulch material may be placed by the following methods:

(1) Hydraulic method. The seed and fertilizer, or the seed, fertilizer and suitable mulch materials shall be mixed in the specified amount of water to produce a slurry and then applied under pressure at the rates indicated on the plans or in the special provisions. When wood cellulose mulch materials are to be incorporated as an integral part of the slurry mix, it shall be added after the seed and fertilizer, and ground limestone if required, have been thoroughly mixed. The mixture shall be applied at the rates and on the areas shown on the plans or as contained in the special provisions. Any area inadequately covered shall be re-treated as directed by the Engineer.

Legume seed, if specified to be used in the seeding mixture, shall be inoculated with approved cultures in accordance with instructions of the manufacturer. The inoculum used for hydraulic seeding shall be four times that recommended for dry seeding. When seeding, or reseeding, fertilizing and mulching are applied in water, compaction or rolling will not be required.

(2) Dry method.-Mechanical seeders, seed drills, landscape seeders, cultipacker seeders, fertilizer spreaders or other approved mechanical seeding equipment may be used when seed and fertilizer are to be applied in dry form.

Fertilizer in dry form and ground limestone if required, shall be spread separately at the rates indicated on the plans or in the special provisions, and incorporated in one operation to the required depth on those areas indicated on the plans or in the special provisions. Seeded areas shall be lightly compacted within 24 hours after seeding has been completed or as directed by the Engineer.

Hand operated seeding devices may be used when seed, fertilizer and ground limestone if required, are applied in dry form. Generally, hand-operated seeders shall be used only on areas which are inaccessible to mechanical seeders.

(d) Application of mulch.—Straw, hay or other mulch, when specified, shall be spread uniformly over seeded areas at the rate shown on the plans or designated in the special provisions. The mulch shall be anchored by light disking, by covering with brush, by covering thinly with soil, by staking and tying, by spraying with asphaltic material or by other methods as shown on the plans or in the special provisions.

When asphalt emulsion is used as tiedown or adhesive, Type SS-1 or approved equal shall be applied either simultaneously with the straw or hay or in a separate operation at the rate shown on the plans or in the special provisions. The Contractor shall take precautionary measures to prevent asphalt adhesive materials from marking or defacing structures, pavements, utilities or plant growth.

When immediate protection of newly-graded slopes is necessary at other than the normal seeding season, hay or straw mulch shall be applied before the seeding with actual seeding completed later during the specified seeding season.

(e) Grub proofing.-Grub proofing when specified shall be performed on those areas and with materials and rates of application thereof as shown on the plans or contained in the Special Provisions.