in appendix table A. The derivation of this second series is described in the section on methods and assumptions. It is consistent with the projections of population but not with the other types of projections in this report. Inasmuch as the revision required to make the labor force projections comparable with the population projections were not great, it is believed that the revisions to make them comparable

with the other types of projections would not have been great either. The illustrative revisions are the basis for the labor force statistics shown in tables I and J and figure 19.

The labor force is expected to grow by 23 million, or 29 percent, from 1965 to 1980 (table J). The nation should expect to be called upon to find three additional jobs for every ten

now in existence in the next fifteen years. The growth will be concentrated in ages 20 to 34. This age group is expected to grow by 15 million, or 62 percent (figure 19). The increase in young people means a younger labor force. The median age of the labor force was 39.3 years in 1965 but is expected to be 35.9 years in 1980. The nonwhite population in the labor force should rise from 11.1 percent of the total in 1965 to 12.1 percent in 1980.

The rapid growth of the labor force may mean that each member of the labor force will be supporting fewer dependents than today. If fertility rates decline substantially as in the Series D population projections, the ratio of the population not in the labor force to that in the labor force will drop from 148 per 100 in 1965 to 125 in 1980. If fertility rates rise substantially as in the Series A population projections, the ratio will remain virtually unchanged at 147 per 100 in 1980.

The growth and changing age composition of the population is the principal determinant of the size and composition of the labor force. It is the only significant determinant of the number of adult males in the labor force, for nearly all of them are in it. Various factors are expected to affect the participation of other groups in the labor force. Increases in high school and college enrollment, discussed in a previous section, should reduce the participation of young people between age 16 and 24. If there are

declines in marriage and fertility rates, there might be increases in the participation of young women. The participation of older women in the labor force is expected to increase, provided employment remains high. Females are expected to increase from 34.0 percent of the labor force in 1965 to 35.9 percent in 1980. Finally, the participation of older men is expected to decline with increases in social security and other pension benefits and decreases in farm employment.

The distortion in the labor force caused by an uneven growth of population has already been cited but bears repeating. There will be only a small increase in the number of mature men in the labor force but very large increases in the number of younger men and women and of mature women. Thus, there will be only a small increase in the labor force from which managers and experienced workers are drawn and a large increase in those groups which are comparatively inexperienced. Increases in high school and college enrollment will alleviate the situation by reducing labor force participation and increasing skills. Nevertheless, the American economy must continue generating a large number of jobs in the next 15 years to continue absorbing the expected increase in the labor force.

Regional distribution.-All the projections discussed so far have been for the nation as a whole. For many users the national totals are too inclusive. They need projections for their particular State or local area. Many State and local agencies have made their own projections. The Federal Government has published population and labor force projections for States only by broad age groups, sex, and color. State population projections are shown in tables 16 to 18 and figures 20 and 21. The Bureau of the Census is now preparing projections of the population of standard metropolitan statistical areas.

The redistribution of population between regions which began with the crossing of the Appalachian frontier in 1800 should continue in the coming decades, although perhaps the shifts of population may be somewhat abated. Projected changes in State population from 1965 to 1985 are shown in figure 20. Two series are shown. The series designated as 1-B assumes a moderately high level of fertility and a continuation of migration patterns within the