the bottom."

earpenters, placed in the little boats, hammering | say, that they were going to give a great example. be made to bear such a construction," compels at the sides of the lighter, and down it went to The company of Marat were carousing around a J. N. to say something in justification of the ground table, and at the same time it was deliberated The whole mutter at issue may be "Crespin, one of the company of Marat, informs whether the prisoners should not be massacred by which he took. the tribunal, that he was at a drowning on board a hundreds. In this deliberation Goullen was for incomprehensively stated in the following three queslighter where the prisoners were fastened down discriminate death; and thus were the prisoners, tions. under boards nailed from side to side. They without ever being interrogated or heard, conuttered, (says he) the most piteous cries.' Some demued to die. There existed no proofs of guilt of them put their hands folded in a supplicating against these unfortunate persons; they were what posture through the openings between the boards were called suspected persons; the felons and all real and I saw the members of the committee chop off criminals were set at liberty. those hands. One of them plunged his sabre down in amongst the prisoners, and we heard a man cry

out 'Oh the rascal, he has stabbed me!' Our ears were now stunned with the cry of Oh you brutal savages, this is the mercy, this is the humanity of republicans.""

1.-Is it true, or does it wear the semblance of most men" (labouring men, of correctness, that " course, or there could be no pause from labour)— that most labouring men have such a pause from "the But it may perhaps be demanded, were not labour" on Saturday, as to allow time for the perpetrators of these horrible deeds tried family talk," " the friendly walk,” “religious duties and the study of the bible ;" and " after all for their lives before the tribunal of the National Convention, and some of them executed, and And these good things are done and served, plenty of "I saw (says Girault) about three or four hun- their leader Carrier amongst the rest? dred persons drowned. There were women of all does not this exonerate the Convention from time for perusing" the eight pages of the Saturday ages amongst them; some were in advanced stages If this ground were tenable, Magazine? 2. Is it not notorious that the reason why so many of pregnancy, and of these several were delivered responsibility? in the very lighters, amongst water and mud. This these barbarities would still be presented to us most shocking circumstance, their groans, their as the fruits of that spirit of revolutionary fury periodicals, and especially the cheap popular prints, heart-piercing shrieks, excited no compassion; they which the members of that Convention and are published on Saturday, is because the labouring (with their new-born infants) went to the bottom the National Assemblies that preceded it under classes can and do find time to read them on Suntogether." different names had fostered. But the author "Fontaine informs the tribunal, that he was one night at the Entrepot (prison). Here I saw a little of the volume before us demonstrates, as we 3. Was there, then, any thing forced or unfair in man, (this afterwards appears to be Fouquet) wear shall see in the sequel, that these cruelties were |the inference drawn from these premises—not that ing pantaloons, and a liberty cap. It is 1,' said authorised or approved of by the national asthe little monster, who conduct all the drownings. semblies, and that the National Convention, in the Saturday Magazine was designed for Sunday 'It is I who give the word of command to pull up the plugs; nothing is done without my orders. If giving up some of the perpetrators of these reading, but that such a construction might be put you will come along with me, I will shew you how horrors to the fury of an incensed population, upon its plans ? to feed upon the flesh of an aristocrat;—I will re- did but sacrifice its instruments to ward off gale you with the brains of those rascals.' Itrem- the infamy from itself, and to perpetuate its bled,' says the witness, and got away from this cannibal as soon as I could.'"

own power.

(To be continued.)

CORRESPONDENCE.

These extracts must suffice (some of my readers will think them more than sufficient) to illustrate the character of the horrid massacres by drowning, as perpetrated by the revolutionists at Nantz. The number who thus suffered cannot be ascertained, but it must have Job Nott has read with much satisfaction the been vast indeed, since one witness deposed to the drowning of nine thousand persons. The following notice in the Saturday Magazine, which, number of bodies thrown into the river Loire though apparently addressed to some other indiwas so considerable, that the municipal officers vidual (as J. N. wrote no letter on the subject) found it necessary to issue a proclamation for- may be considered as conveying at the same time bidding the use of its waters. reply to his observations in No. XXXI.

a

Let it be borne in mind that this, after all, "We have received a letter from a correspondent was but one mode (and in some respects the least terrible one) by which these immense who seems to be afraid that a sentence in our intromasses of unoffending people were put to death, ductory article may lead to the belief, that we inand that without the form of a trial; and tend to make our Magazine a Sunday Paper. We without even any plausible pretext of their be- can only say, that nothing can be further from our ing dangerous to the revolutionary government; intentions: and we are quite certain that the passage for what danger could be apprehended from referred to cannot, by any fair means, be made to such trembling hordes of defenceless women bear such a construction. The 'pause from labour' and children? In fact, they were slaughtered was referred to the end of the week, and we surely in virtue of the oath taken by the barbarous need not remind our correspondent that Saturday is wretches who composed the company of Marat, the end of the week, and Sunday the beginning. To to pursue unto death all royalists, fanatics, gen- prevent any such apprehension, we beg to state, tlemen, and moderates; and under one or other that in London our Magazine is published on Friday of these classes it was easy for the ruthless afternoon, so that there cannot be the slightest reaexecutioners to include all whom their malice, son for any fear that it will interfere with the due their cupidity, or their thirst for blood might observation of that day, which we most anxiously doom to destruction. The following statement desire to be kept holy throughout the land.” of the manner in which the horrid slaughter was determined upon, will fully bear out these assertions.

"On the 24th of October," says the witness, (Tronjolly) "I heard Goulin and his colleagues

Now J. N. is so much pleased with this unquali_ |fied disclaimer, that he is extremely reluctant to make any comment upon it; but the averment that the passage alludad to “cannot by any fair means

day?

J. N. can repeat the assurance to the Editor of the Saturday Magazine, that he did not stand alone in his views upon the subject. In addition to other testimonies, the observations in No. XXXI., elicited from a highly respectable Clergyman, personally unknown to J. N., and who is evidently a warm friend of the Saturday Magazine, the following opinion: "Your strictures on the Saturday Magazine are deserving serious attention on the part of its publishers." J. N. rejoices that they have obtained at least some measure of that serious attention; but whilst he begs to express his fervent desire and prayer that the Saturday Magazine may prosper and be extensively useful, he cannot but retain his opinion that both the day of publication and the title of that work were infelicitously chosen; the day for the reasons already assigned, the title, because it weds it to the day, without any very obvious reason for such an alliance.

A Clifton Lady, who takes pretty much the same ground as E. E. (see Correspondence of No. XXXI.) will kindly accept the same answer. If Job could attend to Horace's rule, “Nonumque prematur in annum;" or if there were always time for the ink to dry before the copy is sent to the Printer, such mistakes would perhaps not occur.

Bristol: Printed and Published by J. & W. RICHARD

SON, No. 6, Clare-Street, to whose care all communications may be addressed, post paid; also sold by J. NORTON, Corn Street, BARRY, High Street, and J. CHILCOTT, Wine Street; Mrs. BINNS, Bath; Mr. WHITE, Cheltenham; Mr. BEMROSE, Derby; Mr. HEWETT, Leamington; HAMILTON, ADAMS, and Co. Paternoster Row; and SEELEY and Sox, Fleet Street, London.

Bristol Job Nott;

No. XXXVI.]

OR,

LABOURING MAN'S FRIEND.

A WORD IN SEASON.

The wise man says,

TO THE WORKING CLASSES.

hardened the hearts of the rich against the la- their error before now; but I speak of it just bouring classes; but it was not so-on the to shew how very wrong-headed and wronga word spoken in due contrary, many of the rich were very liberal, hearted some people are. What could be more and not only gave them money, but devoted ungrateful than to assault and ill-treat the docseason how good is it!" Now one great ad- their time also to do good to their poor neigh-tors, who were labouring to do them good? vantage of Job Nott's plan is, that it enables bours. Well, I was much pleased at this, and Christianity tells us not to render evil for evil, him and his friends to offer a word in season, thought within myself, surely the labouring but good for evil; but this was to render evil according to the circumstances and exigencies people will take this in good part, and will for good! And what could be more infatuated of the times; and truly at no time could the feel that it is most kindly meant, and will be and foolish than to hurt and injure the only men various classes of society more need to be re- thankful for it; and I make no doubt that a who, under God, could be expected to do them minded of the duty of the day, and to be exhorted to do it in its day. Job begs, therefore, great many of them did feel thus; but I am any good? Why if you were to hear that the to speak to the two great classes of society, in sorry to say that some naughty people set up a plague broke out in a ship at sea, and that the cry that 'twas all selfishness in the rich people, first thing the unhappy ship's company did, was reference to the fearful increase of the pesti and that they only did it through fear, lest they to seize the surgeon and throw him overboard; lence, and the duties arising out of it. And should catch the disease themselves. Now I say wouldn't you say, 'poor creatures, they must first, a word this grieved me exceedingly, for I knew to the have been phrenzied !' Well, and isn't it contrary. I knew that many of those who equally the part of madmen to hurt and hinder When the Cholera was at a distance, and the were active in the charitable work, did it out the doctors who nobly give their attendance people of this country were all set together by of the purest compassion; and indeed it stands at a Cholera Hospital? To be sure it is. And the ears, ding dong, hammer and tongs, about by reason, when you see rich persons not only it can't be expected that these gentlemen will political matters, I used to say, "well, we shall give their money, but go from house to house go on toiling and risking their very lives to do have the Cholera here by and by, and that will and room to room, amongst their poor neigh- good to the sufferers, if they be so ungratesettle our divisions." I used to say this on bours, at the risk of catching infection, I say fully treated. what I thought very reasonable grounds, for it it stands by reason that they cannot be actu- But some will cry, 'tis because the people is quite a proverb that common dangers termi-ated by fear. If it were fear that actuated are starved, else they wouldn't have it; the nate mutual strifes; and I certainly did hope then, they would run away as far as they could rich don't have it. I tell you, my friends, that this would be the effect, if, in wrath upon from the pestilence, instead of going in amongst that's a great mistake; the rich have had ita wicked nation, God should send the pestilence it. and do have it-and will have it. We have amongst us. I thought that, dreadful as it Well, it grieved me, as I was saying, that had abundant evidence that Cholera, like its would be, it might at least have the effect of some of the labouring people were so ungrate- Divine Author, is no respecter of persons. Did ending our unhappy quarrels; and that high and ful toward those who undertook to whitewash not Perrier, the prime minister of France, die low, rich and poor, feeling that this was a com- their houses, and to provide them with blankets, of Cholera? Have not some most active and mon danger to which all were alike exposed, &c.; and I can't wonder (though I'm sorry for self-denying medical gentlemen lost their lives, would unite together, first, to humble them- that too) if the rich people are not quite so for- in seeking to benefit their fellow-creatures, laselves before Almighty God, confessing our ward in that business now, seeing they got so bouring under Cholera? have not the lives of national and individual sins and imploring his little thanks for it; but what especially sur- some most pious clergymen been likewise sacrimercy, and then to do all they could for the prises and vexes me is, that the medical men ficed? I must not publish names, but take my remedying of the evil, by the performance of should be the object of the people's dislike! I word for it, there are plenty of people of the offices of kindness one toward another. This think I recollect reading, that when the Cholera higher classes dying of Cholera. I've seen was what I expected, and I was the more con- first broke out at Sunderland, some months numbers of such deaths mentioned in the newsfirmed in this hope, when I saw persons of ago, and when the doctors there were labouring papers, but they don't put all the cases there, opposite political principles and otherwise at night and day, at the risk of their lives, to do nor any thing like it; and I have private invariance, uniting at the first alarm of the Cho-good to the poor sufferers, the people, instead formation of rich people being attacked by lera, six or eight months ago, to make collec- of thanking and blessing them for it, got into a Cholera, and that in situations where they had tions and subscriptions, and employ various terrible rage with the doctors, and assaulted vainly thought that they were secure from it. means, with a view to the relief of the labour- them in a most violent way: I think, too, that should like to give you some particulars if it ing classes. I thought it particularly kind in I recollect reading, that when they were car- were allowed, but I must not print news. the wealthy people to do this at that time, be- rying the dead to the grave, the populace in- And here I can't help pointing out to those cause most of them had suffered losses, and all terfered, seized the coffins, and broke them that have got any consideration in them, the of them had been exceedingly alarmed and dis-open; with other indecent conduct. Now I great inconsistency of the popular cries about tressed by those cruel riots that were directed don't bring up this old story out of any ill will the Cholera. One time the cry is, "Oh, it against property. I say those riots might have to the Sunderland people, I hope they've seen don't attack the rich, and therefore they don't

I

THE GAUGE OF A REFORMER'S
STOMACH.

care for us poor creatures;" and then again the master," reminds me of two remarkable the evils and checking the ravages of pestilence, when the rich give them money, and do what stories which serve to illustrate and enforce and also the most suitable mode of acquitting they can to relieve the sufferers, the cry is, it. The first which I shall relate, I have some- themselves of the stewardship with which they "Oh, 'tis because they are afraid of it them- where read, but I cannot tell where; it is to the are intrusted. selves, 'tisn't out of any kindness to us." Now following effect. "We brought nothing into this world, neither if it don't attack the rich, why should they be Once upon a time, a ship, having struck upon a may we carry any thing out." afraid of it? one or both of these wicked say-rock, was rapidly sinking; but there being some ings must be wrong. hope of saving their lives and part of the property, Now, my dear fellows, let me beg of you to the crew and passengers were eagerly employed in collecting together what each deemed most have done with these unkind and unreasonable valuable, with the hope of being able to preserve sayings and doings, and take in good part what it. In the midst of this confusion, a noted philoso is done for you, and that will encourage bene-pher who was on board, was observed to be per volent persons to do more; but really 'tis more fectly calm and unruffled, manifesting no anxiety The calculations made by scientific men, than flesh and blood can bear, for men to give asked why he was so apparently unconcerned, wholly unacquainted with the operations of about the safety of his property. Upon being must be truly surprising to persons, who are their money and risk their lives to do their poor whilst his companions were in the highest commo neighbours good, and then to get themselves tion, and whether there were nothing on board science. As for instance, that it should be abused and perhaps their heads broken in re- which he was anxious to preserve, he calmly possible to measure the distance between the turn. Do let me entreat you to try the other replied, " Omnia mea mecum porto." "I carry all earth, and the sun or moon: or, even that it tack-be civil to your superiors, and take their property about me," meaning that his know- should be easy to measure the height of a kindness in good part, and be thankful for it; could not be wrested from him by any misfortune-tower, without going near to that tower; or and by these means you will encourage them or in the words of the royal moralizer above quoted that it should be possible to ascertain to a to be still more attentive and kind to you. that his riches were such as when the ship were nicety, how much one of Whitbread's great broken would swim away with the master. vats will hold, by only putting a few figures

And now a word or two

TO THE RICH.

Ledge, and learning were his valuables, and that these

But if a mere philosopher could be thus together; yet such things are practicable; and calm under the most alarining circumstances, the known practicability of such calculations, Whilst I exhort your poorer neighbours to take because he felt that so long as he lived, no will diminish the surprise which may be felt your kindness in good part, allow me to exhort storm or shipwreck could deprive him of his at the announcement, that considerable proyou, my more wealthy patrons and customers, philosophy, which was the thing he chiefly gress has been made in solving the problem,not to be weary in well-doing, and not to be valued; Oh with what far higher confidence what is the gauge of a Reformer's stomach ?" deterred from shewing kindness, though it be may the true christian contemplate the greatest Mathematicians were, for some time, much unkindly received; for you are called to imitate of earthly perils undismayed-and say, "I at a loss for data to go upon, in making the Him who "maketh his sun to rise on the just and carry my treasure within me." Having a calculation; as they could not get any genuine on the unjust, and is merciful to the evil as well" good hope," resting on a sure foundation-Reformer, to permit them to thrust their guagas to the good." this will be to him "an anchor of the soul sure ing sticks down his throat to take the admeaI beg you also to remember that your time and steadfast," and which will enable him to surement. But at length some clew has been for doing good may be very short, and therefore ride out every storm. Yea, and if it be de- supplied; for it has been ascertained, upon it behoves you to work whilst it is day. Riches manded of him why he is comparatively regard- the best authority, that the "cost price" of a are at all times uncertain, but especially at less of this world's treasures and possessions, Reformer's dinner is 2s. 6d. It is clear then, such a season as this. Surely then we shall he can answer, it is because I have a treasure that the stomach of a Reformer will receive now feel, if ever, the importance of seeking "ain the heavens-a better and an enduring sub- just two shillings and sixpence worth of meat, better and an enduring substance." I am here stance. This it is that will buoy up the soul bread, vegetables, pudding, and beer, and no reminded of some striking sentiments recorded in the hour of extremity, whilst those who are more. Now, if we could accurately adjust the in the hand writing of Queen Mary. I am no clinging to this world's goods, will be dragged proportions, in which these different species of admirer of the writer-but the document is a down to destruction by their idolized posses-aliment are taken in, we should then have a literary curiosity, and the sentiments deserve sions. How ruinous and destructive the love perfect solution of the problem :-but, withconsideration from whatever source derived. of riches may be, even in respect of this life, out attempting such minute accuracy, the folThey are written in a missal, preserved in the is strikingly illustrated by the following story, lowing may be taken, as a fair average esBodleian Library at Oxford; they are. as which is also given from memory.

follows:

"Geate you such Ryches as when the shype is broken may swyme away wythe the Master; for dyverse chances take away the goods of fortune, but the goods of the Soule, which be only the trewe goods nether Fyer nor water can take away.

Eff you take labour and payne to do a vertuous thynge, the labour goeth away and the vertue remayneth. Ell throughe pleasure you do a vicious thynge the pleasure goeth away and the vice remayneth. Good madam for my sake remember this."

"Your loviny mystress,
Mary Princesse."

The admonition "get you such riches as when the ship is broken may swim away with

A ship being about to founder, the crew determined to have recourse to the long boat to effect their escape. In the midst of the confusion which prevailed, one man had been observed to collect bag around his body. The moment for quitting the together a quantity of gold, and to fasten it in a ship arrived, it was necessary to jump from a projecting part of the vessel into the long boat. The seamen, who were disencumbered, effected their object and reached the boat; but the man who had laden himself with the bag of gold, fell short and perished.

timate ;

Perhaps it may be asked, "is not this calculation, like some other mathematical problems, more curious than useful?" I answer, no; on The inference is obvious; may it serve to the contrary, it may be of great importance; stimulate the wealthy, not to lade themselves because, if we should ever return, on public with thick clay (Hab. ii. 6.) not to trust in un- occasions, to the old obsolete aristocratic plan, certain riches, but in the living God; and also of GIVING a dinner to the labouring classes geneto be bountiful in applying their abundance to rally, (instead of making lots of the poor fellows the relief of the multitudes who are suffering pay for it,) we shall know to a nicety, what around them, as being at once the most likely quantity of provisions will be necessary to method, under God's blessing, of mitigating feed a given number.

All jocularity apart, would it not be more wise stal's throughout the city, the supplies for the grand spur to industry. The drover brings his and more christian-like, especially at such a tables of the wealthy, and the poor man's home- cattle to market, the fisherman toils all night crisis as this, when the pestilence is making lier meal. The editors of the morning papers at sea, the labourer performs his daily task, such fearful inroads amongst us, and when it have just finished their nightly task, by filling and saves from his weekly earnings, and the is so important, that the poorer classes be sup- their columns with the parliamentary debates merchant strives to increase his capital, beplied with more than ordinary nourishment,- of the previous evening, and the contents of cause by the laws of this country the fruits of would it not, I repeat, be more wise and more the foreign papers that arrived during the their labour are secured to themselves and their christian-like, instead of either selling or giving night. The steam presses are working off descendants. For who would labour for the dinners or suppers to the operatives, thereby from one to four thousand copies an hour, and benefit of strangers? The co-operative system tempting them to intemperance; to take mea- the newsmen winding their horns, eagerly be- and community of goods are contrary to sures, by which the families of the operatives set the stage-coaches, which are starting in all deeply-rooted feelings of our nature, and theremay be fed as well as themselves. directions, with “ Buy the Morning Herald-fore cannot succeed on an extended scale. After all that can be said about the capacity the Morning Post-the Times!" and are hasten- The only co-operation which can truly proof a Reformer, Job Nott will undertake to filling to supply the counting-house, the coffee-mote the general weal, is to encourage each the bellies of a man, wife, and five children, room, and the breakfast table, with that great individual to advance the interests of himself with wholesome food, for less than the "cost modern luxury-a newspaper. Presently foot- and his family, by just and lawful means, price of a Reformer's dinner.

THE MECHANISM OF SOCIETY.

passengers, carts, cabs, waggons, and coaches without injuring or being injured by his traverse the city, and thread their way through neighbour. Providence has so ordered it, the crowded streets. The shops are opened, that in doing this, the individual is accessory and all the commodities which the combined in some degree to the well-being of the comindustry of thousands has been able to collect, munity. He does involuntarily, and while their ingenuity to invent, their skill to execute, seeking his own interest, what the man of Society is frequently, and not unjustly, com- pass in rapid succession from the ship to the christian benevolence does from purer motives, pared to a vast machine. In the different de- warehouse, the manufactory, the shopkeeper, with nobler ends, and a wider, more disinpartments of a large manufactory are found, in and the consumer. Here we find the most terested, and comprehensive view of the spione, the raw material in its first stage of pre- skilful workmen employed at the highest wages; ritual, as well as temporal wants of his fellowparation; in another, the carding machines and merchants in the different branches of trade creatures. The steam-engine of fifty-horse spinning jennies, in rapid motion; in another, arranging their exports and imports, and traf- power is therefore not more essential to the the thread rolled off in readiness for the weaver, ficking with the retail dealers; statesmen de- operations of the manufactory, than are the till at length the finished fabric comes forth liberating, and deciding the most momentous established rights of property to the healthful from the loom, in every variety of texture and questions of foreign and domestic policy. Here and harmonious movements of the social syspattern, from coarse woollen to rich brocade. are the acquirers of wealth; there the posses- tem. Check or remove either, and you disturb Each part of the manufacturing process is con-sors of property which industry has already or prevent useful production, and introduce nected with what precedes or follows it. The accumulated; the learned and the literary; the idleness, disorder, misfortune, and ruin. first would be useless without the last, and busy and the idle; the sober and the dissipated; In the rude and early stages of society, before without the first and every intermediate opera- the prosperous and the wretched. However property is an acknowledged and established tion, the last could not be produced. And opposite their characters and circumstances, right, men are not accustomed to regular further, the various and intricate movements of however unknown to each other are the indi- labour; the ground is ill cultivated and unprothe wheels, and pullies, and cranks, and spindles, viduals composing this vast multitude, they ductive, the stock of subsistence is small, the have all their origin in a single moving power, mutually depend on one another for the neces- population scanty and miserable, and in whether it be the force of animals, or a stream saries and enjoyments of life. countries where property is rendered insecure of falling water, or the great modern agent of And what is the grand moving power which by unjust laws, and a weak or tyrannical steam, causing simple but energetic motion in keeps up their ceaseless activity? How are the government, as the motive for industry and one direction, capable of being applied to pro- provisions, the comforts, and luxuries required accumulation of property is weakened or desduce a variety of mechanical movements, and a for the immense consumption of London troyed, there is also an effectual bar to prosstill greater variety of workmanship. Check or supplied with such wonderful regularity? Is perity. How can agriculture flourish in Cirremove this great source of energy and activity, it the government, or the magistracy, who ad- cassia, where the husbandman must go to sow and all the useful din and bustle of the busy just the supply to the demand, who regulate the and reap his fields, armed with a sword and manufactory ceases. various branches of trade and departments of carbine to defend himself from the attacks of Now, observe the general activity and the labour? Such a task would be far beyond the his marauding countrymen; or in Greece where vast variety of employments in a large mercan-power of the most vigorous government, or the the harvest is carried off by Turkish opprestile community; for example, in London, the most efficient police; and an attempt to regulate sors? In such countries, the grand spur to chief of cities, with its 1,200,000 inhabitants. the internal and external trade of the capital, industry is wanting, and therefore no one What a constant influx there is of droves of in its endless and intricate details, by any labours more than is necessary for his actual cattle, and waggon loads of provisions, from all general system of management, would be ut- subsistence. As there is no capital, the parts of the kingdom. Richly laden vessels are terly impracticable and ruinous. Under such country remains a wilderness, the arts are borne along the Thames with every tide, con- a system London would at one time be glutted crushed in their infancy, and there is an aptaining cargoes of native produce from all parts with excessive supplies; at another would suf- proach to an equality of wretchedness among of the coast, and the productions of every fer the miseries of want and famine. But what the scanty population. On the contrary, see country in the world. Long before the great no administration or police could effect, by the wonderful effect of the wise and equitable mass of the population are awake, the markets direct interference, has been accomplished in laws of England, in the vast accumulation for meat, fish, vegetables, &c. present a stirring the progressive rise of our national institutions, of property or capital within the circle of scene, being crowded with country people and by the establishment and security of the rights 50 or 60 miles around the metropolis. What salesmen. The neighbouring streets are nearly of property. The certainty that whatever is is it that attracts such crowds of artificers impassable, from the numerous carts and vans acquired by labour may be possessed and en- to London, but the abundance of capital that are ranged along to carry off to shops and joyed, or transmitted by inheritance, is the which forms a vast fund for the employment

of labour? Those long lines of streets in since the time of Solomon. They ring doleful disordered by sin, that no man has ever been endless succession, which weary the eye and changes on "the causes of the present dis- able to complete, by that means the beautiful bewilder the imagination; those splendid man- tress," and propound remedies, that, instead fabric of happiness which his fancy drew, or to sions of the rich and great, those warehouses of rectifying the imperfections of the machine, carry the work beyond the early stage which and shops, and the perpetual supplies of would destroy the powers that move it, and produces "vanity and vexation of spirit." furniture, clothing, and provisions which they connect it together. But let him who wishes to understand the coutain, what are they, but so many rich It is also much the fashion with these wri-mystery diligently read his bible. He will storehouses of capital which cannot lie idle? ters, to represent the labouring classes as alone there find that riches, pleasures, honours, These, not only make London itself, the centre unhappy, while the possessors of property or and power which men contend for so eagerly of activity, and attract thither the unemployed capital are supposed to be in a paradise of are in themselves vain, short-lived, and uti English artisan and Foreign refugee, but raise their own, free from all cares and calamities. satisfying; that "man walketh in a vain show, the value of land and of every kind of labour There can be no greater delusion than this. and disquieteth himself in vain." We are exfor some hundred miles around. Nay, from The loss of friends, and loss of health, happen horted in that sacred volume to live by faith the Land's End to John o'Groat's house, alike to all; riches make to themselves wings, in the Saviour, and to follow him in the way from India to China, from Greenland to Africa, and flee away; and death sooner or later, clo- of holy self-denying obedience, and the thorny wherever marketable produce is to be found, it ses the scene, and levels all distinctions. The path of affliction. His faithful disciples must is attracted to London, like the magnetic wealthier classes have their peculiar trials, as expect to suffer, as well as to reign with him, needle to the pole, as the great market of the well as the poor. Those who have been bred and are to learn both how to be abased, and mercantile world. It is in consequence of up in comfort and affluence, whose minds have how to abound, to be hungry, and to suffer such accumulations of capital, that any are able been cultivated and refined by education, have need. But while so using the world as not abusto leave the common path of manual labour, in many respects a keener sensibility to suffering it, they are promised peace which the world and to apply their minds to the discovery and ing, than persons who have been accustomed to can neither give, nor take from them, and are production of whatever is curious and valuable a harder lot from infancy. None feel the ills animated by the hope of an inheritance which in science, in architecture, manufactures, of poverty, the slights and contempt of the is incorruptible, undefiled, and fadeth not away, medicine, and other useful arts, and to promote scornful, so sharply, as those who have known reserved for them in that world from which sin the advancement and diffusion of knowledge. better days. Besides, our desires increase and sorrow will be banished for ever, and the The justly acquired possessions of our more with our attainments. Man looks forward to imperfections of time will be lost in the perprosperous fellow countrymen, should therefore, some point, where he expects to find happiness, fection and blessedness of eternity. excite our gratitude, and not our envy. They and when he has reached it, finds that, like a NEHEMIAH. make up the sum of the national wealth. boy chasing the rainbow from hill to hill, he The inhabitants of some of the magnificent has been vainly pursuing a brilliant shadow, squares in the west of London, consisting of based on a dark cloud, which mocks and disapabout 130 houses, spend probably not less than points him. than £500,000 a year. How little of it is In how lively a manner does Augustine deactually consumed by the heads of these 130 scribe the inward vexation of a man, who families and their children! The possessors pursuing the phantom happiness in the perishof this wealth are its distributors to thousands. ing objects of a world, the fashion of which In its circulation through so many channels, passeth away. it produces a greater sum of human happiness than its original owners derived from it; as it is not the mountain from which a river issues, but the valley through which it flows that is fertilized by its waters.

is

with a full belly, jocund and merry! I sighed, and "I saw a poor beggar, I suppose at that time spake to my friends who were with me, of the many pains of our madness; because, from all the toils, which, with so much labour and vexation, we How wonderful soever are the effects of underwent, we expected only that same rest and security, which that beggar had already attained, industry, protected and encouraged under the though we were uncertain whether we ever should fostering care of wise and equitable institutions, reach it. In truth he was not possessed of true joy, nevertheless, under the most favourable cir- but 1, by the ambiguous windings of art, songht it cumstances, the mechanism of society is very in a more delusory way. He however was evidently imperfect. Honest persevering industry gene- fear. merry, I full of anxiety ;-he at his ease, I full of Were I asked, whether frame of mind I rally meets its reward, but not always. should prefer, I should without hesitation choose Sometimes there is no work for those who are his. Yet if I were asked, whether I would be Auwilling to labour. Sometimes impudence, Sometimes impudence, gustine or the beggar, I should say the former. knavery, and wickedness prosper, while inHow perverse was this! Much to this purpose did telligence and modest worth endure cold were with me; and I found myself miserable, and I I say to my friends, and often observed how things neglect and poverty, "for the race is not to the grieved and doubled that misery. And if any thing swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet prosperous smiled upon me, I was backward to lay bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of hold upon it, because it flew away almost before I could lay hold of it." understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all."

There is a mystery in this which the worldlyIt is one of the tricks and fallacies of those minded man cannot and will not understand, and writers, whose great aim is to create distur- though his own experience compels him to bance and disaffection, to aggravate all the evils admit the facts, he resists the conclusion to incident to the present imperfect state of which they lead. The works of creation are things, and abuse the government, or any par- perfect in their kind, some of the contrivances ty in the state that is obnoxious to them, as of art have a limited perfection, but the moral the authors of evils that have existed before and mechanism of society is so imperfect, and so

HALF-CROWN ARISTOCRATS.

before another, because of the length of his purse, is one To give preference and precedence to one man of the most aristocratic principles, that can possibly influence the mind of man.

How preposterous for those who hold that mankind are born to equal rights, to set up one man have scraped together a little more white or yellow above another, because one individual happens to dust than his neighbour! How manifestly contrary to the most approved scheme of liberal philosophy, that the distribution of the good things of this life should be subject to any such capricious limitations!

Who then does not perceive, that to give the man who can pay (though it be but two and sixpence) precedence, and priority of claim to the dainties of a reform dinner, is subversive of the rights of man; it being a recognition of the odious principle of property, and a direct sauction of the invidious distinction of rich and poor. In short, it opens at once an inlet to all the abuses which attach to the old exploded system of gradations in society.

Can it then be wondered at, if the thorough-bred liberal should resist such an encroachment on his shoes of a two and sixpenny aristocrat, is infinitely privileges? He cannot but feel, that to wipe the degrading; and a radical sense of independence must prompt him to throw off such an odious yoke.

Bristol: Printed and Published by J. & W. RICHARDSON, No. 6, Clare-Street, to whose care all communications may be addressed, post paid; also sold by J. NORTON, Corn Street, BARRY, High Street, and J. CHILCOTT, Wine Street; Mrs. BINNS, Bath; Mr. WHITE, Cheltenham; Mr. BEMROSE, Derby; Mr. HEWETT, Leamington; HAMILTON, ADAMS, and Co. Paternoster Row; and SEELEY and SON, Fleet Street, London.