Mr. TABER. But you have no storage at that point, so that you would have no particular fall at that point?

Colonel POTTER. Yes, in the Pend Orielle River there is considerable fall.

Mr. TABER. You do have?

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir; there is considerable fall.

Mr. TABER. That is below the lake.

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir. In fact, the Pend Orielle River flows all the way down to the Columbia.

Mr. TABER. Yes; but this is the farthest upstream of any dam in the whole set-up, is it not?

Colonel POTTER. No, sir; Hungry Horse, that big blue mark [indicating] that you see over there to the right on the same river.

Mr. TABER. Is it on the same river?

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir; on Clarks Fork which is a branch of the Pend Oreille.

Mr. TABER. The Hungry Horse project is about done?

Colonel POTTER. It is under construction. It is a Bureau of Reclamation job, sir.

Mr. TABER. Is it a reclamation job or mostly a power job?

Colonel POTTER. Largely power; yes, sir.

Mr. TABER. Will this work out as well as Hungry Horse?
Colonel POTTER. In what way?

Mr. TABER. Will it be as effective?

Colonel POTTER. Within the limits of the storage capacity, yes, sir. It will be done before Hungry Horse is completed.

Mr. TABER. When will Hungry Horse be done?

Colonel POTTER. I do not know, sir.

COST ELEMENT FOR DAM

Mr. TABER. When did you first get an estimate of cost on this? Colonel POTTER. The date of the project document for this is June 1948; that would mean that the estimate of cost was made late in 1947. Mr. TABER. How much was that?

Colonel POTTER. $31,070,000; $28,000,000 is for construction, and the difference between $28,000,000 and $31,000,000 is for relocations and lands. The relocations on this job are small.

Mr. KERR. Does the impounding of this water have any irrigation value?

Colonel POTTER. A very small amount, sir. There are some benefits. I do not believe the Bureau of Reclamation has computed the valuation, but they indicate that there are some irrigation benefits. Mr. TABER. I think that is all I have.

Mr. KERR. Mr. Scrivner.

SOURCE OF POWER DURING SUMMER MONTHS

Mr. SCRIVNER. As I recall your statement you said that most of the power generating would be done during the winter months? Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir.

Mr. SCRIVNER. What would be the source of power during the summer months?

Colonel POTTER. The power demand in the Pacific Northwest during the summer months is not as high as it is in the winter.

Mr. SCRIVNER. That is not what I asked you. What would be the source of power during the summer months?

Colonel POTTER. The other plants such as Bonneville, Grand Coulee, McNary, the several big private firms out there and the municipal plants, sir.

Mr. SCRIVNER. What would the power generated in the winter be used for, who would be the users of it, and where are they located?

Colonel POTTER. The users are spread all over the Pacific Northwest, such as municipalities, and they have very large aluminum plants out there, and exceptionally large industrial plants such as Boeing's big aircraft plant.

DISCUSSION OF CONSTRUCTION OF TRANSMISSION FACILITIES

Mr. SCRIVNER. Coming up suddenly, as this does, it leaves in my mind a great many unanswered questions. If this dam were constructed it would also call for the construction of transmission lines and all of that, would it not?

Colonel POTTER. We do not build the transmission lines. The Bonneville Power Administration does.

Mr. SCRIVNER. Yes, I know you do not, but it is not going to do any good to have a dam built to develop electricity unless you can transmit it some place. Under whom would the transmission lines be built? Colonel POTTER. The Bonneville Power Administration.

Mr. SCRIVNER. Do they have lines out there now?

Colonel POTTER. I do not think so. They would have to cut into the system somewhere in the vicinity of Grand Coulee, or whatever major line leads from Grand Coulee.

Mr. BEARD. The biggest effect and the quick effect is from storage and the increased power produced at Grand Coulee and the other projects which are already tied in with the transmission lines.

Colonel POTTER. You will remember I said that while this generates 42,600 kilowatts, 162,000 kilowatts are provided downstream.

Mr. SCRIVNER. Of course, inasmuch as this is an entirely new project, which has just been authorized there is no request in the 1951 budget for this?

Colonel POTTER. Well, it was in the 1951 budget under a contingency item.

Mr. BEARD. We did not have it in our approved 1951 budget, but the President, in submitting his budget to the Congress, did have this in as an item which was with several others. It was at that time not an authorized project. That is mentioned in the supplemental estimate here on page 12 in the middle paragraph.

Mr. RABAUT. This would store water and help to prevent floods, or will it help to prevent floods?

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir, around the lake area.

Mr. TABER. The flood and navigation business is less than 1 percent in benefits, so it does not amount to much that way.

Colonel POTTER. It is 99-percent power.

Mr. RABAUT. It is 99-percent power?

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir. The flood prevention is in the lake above by providing a faster outlet for the water during the flood season. Mr. KERR. Proceed, Mr. Scrivner.

NEED FOR INITIATION OF ICE HARBOR AND ALBENI FALLS DAMS

Mr. SCRIVNER. The only comment I have is that this ties right in the other one. I have listened carefully, and I still have not anything which supports anything like an urgency request in a supplemental estimate.

Colonel POTTER. They have been selected because they are required at a certain date in schedule S to do the job. I would like to suggest that the committee get a representative of the Bonneville Power Administration here to indicate the great necessity for these two projects. We are the construction agents for producing that power. They have more information on the necessity.

Mr. TABER. How big a document is that schedule S?

Colonel POTTER. Well, the summation is on one or two sheets.

Mr. TABER. I think you ought to send up enough copies of those sheets at least so that all of the members of our committee could have them.

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir.

Mr. TABER. That summation gives the amount of power that you are supposed to get out of each set-up?

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir.

Mr. TABER. Present and prospective.

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir. I would also like to place in the record a memorandum containing further information on these matters. Mr. RABAUT. Yes, I think we ought to have that.

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir.

(The matter referred to is as follows:)

MEMORANDUM REGARDING NEED FOR INITIATION OF ICE HARBOR AND ALBENI FALLS

DAMS

This memorandum is submitted in response to requests of the subcommittee made during the hearing on July 17, and supplements testimony furnished orally by the Corps of Engineers representatives. The information contained in this memorandum is drawn to a considerable extent from the 1949 Report on the Columbia River Power System and the 1950 Advance Program of Transmission System Development, July 1950-June 1956, both submitted by the Bonneville Power Administration, Department of the Interior. The National Security Resources Board in its report, Third National Electric Power Survey, April 1950, also presents data pertaining to the present power situation in the Pacific Northwest and estimated future conditions. Copies of these reports are being furnished to the committee.

Additional information on the subject of power requirements and power supply in the Northwest appears in recent testimony before the Appropriations Committees of the House of Representatives and of the Senate with regard to the Interior Department appropriation for fiscal year 1951. This testimony appears in the House hearings on pages 158 through 160, 177 through 179, and 183, of part 1, and pages 1170 through 1172, part 5. In the Senate hearings the testimony appears on pages 431, 434, 452 through 457, of part 1.

The Bonneville Power Administration is the marketing agency for power produced at Bonneville and Grand Coulee Dams and the other Federal projects now under construction and authorized or proposed in the Columbia River Basin. Because of the preponderance of hydroelectric power from the large multiple-purpose projects on the Columbia River and its main tributaries in the power supply of the Northwest, the Federal Government has, in effect, assumed a responsibility for supplying adequate power to meet the present and future needs of the region.

The forecasts of the Bonneville Power Administration are the most authoritative estimates available of detailed requirements and, in conjunction with the market studies of the Federal Power Commission, the National Security Resources Board, and the Executive Office of the President, are used in the determination

of construction schedules upon which the Bureau of Reclamation and the Corps of Engineers program the construction of these important projects.

The Pacific Northwest experienced a shortage of power during the winters of 1947-48 and 1948-49, and only exceptionally good water conditions prevented considerable load curtailments in 1949-50. A continuation of the critical situation is anticipated for several years. Since the end of the war, neither the Federal nor non-Federal power systems in the Pacific Northwest have been able to keep pace with the rapidly expanding power requirements of the region, with resultant retardation of industrial development. In the report of the National Security Resources Board it is stated that "For the Pacific Northwest (region VII), serious shortages are anticipated in the western part of the region, although in the eastern part, considered separately, margins are expected to be adequate. For the region as a whole, even under average water conditions, a deficit of 191.000 kilowatts (3.2 percent of load) is anticipated for 1952. Estimates of anticipated deficits under adverse water conditions are noted below:

"Supply in adjacent regions and interconnections will not be adequate to relieve those shortages."

During and since the war, the non-Federal power plants (private and nonFederal public) have been functioning through a voluntary organization known as the Northwest power pool, which schedules the operations of each plant so as to provide the optimum amount of power for the area, taking into account water conditions and individual characteristics of each plant. In estimating the part of the potential power requirements to be met by the Federal power system, it has been assumed that all of the non-Federal facilities within the region will be utilized to the maximum extent. Following is a table showing for the fiscal year 1949 the actual generation of power in the principal systems of the Pacific Northwest:

It will be noted from the above table that the energy produced at Bonneville and Grand Coulee power plants during fiscal year 1949 total nearly 13,000,000,000 kilowatt-hours. This amount exceeded the peak war year of 1944 by 40 percent and represented over 50 percent of the total electric energy produced in the Pacific Northwest during fiscal year 1949. It is reported in table 2 of the Bonneville Power Administration from the 1949 report that for the fiscal year 1949 the load factor on which the Bonneville and Grand Coulee plants operated was 82.1 percent. Planning and construction of a major multiple-purpose project must start 6 to 8 years before power is needed. Recommendations of Bonneville Power Administration for construction of new generating facilities in the Pacific Northwest are summarized in Generator Installation "Schedule," which appears in

table 8 on page 32 of the 1950 Advance Program. This schedule contemplates that the first unit of the Ice Harbor project will be in service by August 1955 and it contemplates that storage at the Albeni Falls project will be available by August 1952, with the first power unit in service by August 1954. In order to meet these proposed dates, it is necessary that appropriations be provided at once in order that the work of construction of the projects may be initiated, and proceed in fiscal year 1951, as outlined in the justifications for the supplemental estimates now before you.

Power production to date represents the practical maximum utility of water for power purposes at the sites occupied. Future increases involve the development of generating sites to use head potentials until, in the ultimate, the water has been used and reused from the head of the streams until it is finally allowed to enter the ocean.

Mr. RABAUT. Referring to the harnessing of this water or the retaining of it and releasing it as needed downstream, how much more in the entire picture is the increase in power to be created according to that?

Colonel POTTER. It goes from about 3.6 to 8 million kilowatts in 1956.

Mr. TABER. That is the estnmated demand runs up like that?
Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir.

Mr. RABAUT. Will the amount created equal the demand?

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir; the schedule shows the possibility of the production of the proposed demand or the projected demand.

FLOOD CONTROL, GENERAL (EMERGENCY FUND)

Mr. KERR. If you gentlemen are through we will ask the coloned to tell us about this emergency fund of $11,000,000.

Colonel POTTER. Yes, sir.

In May, the President signed Public Law 516, the omnibus river and harbor and flood control bill, which set up a fund of $15,000,000 for the fighting of floods and for the repair of flood-control works. The language in the report from the House said:

Section 206 of the bill reaffirms the authority set forth in section 6 of the Flood Control Act of 1948 regarding the repair and restoration of existing flood-control structures threatened or destroyed by floods, and increases the emergency fund provided for this purpose from $2,000,000 to $15,000,000.

The committee feels that the establishment of a fund which can be restored annually to an amount of $15,000,000 will eliminate the need for supplemental or emergency appropriations whenever a major flood occurs within the United States. Authority is also provided in this section for the Chief of Engineers to acquire on a rental basis such motor vehicles, including passenger cars and busses, as may be necessary to promote the highest degree of efficiency during periods in which rescue operations and other flood emergency work is in progress.

HISTORY OF EMERGENCY FLOOD MONEY SINCE 1943

The history of the emergency flood-control money since 1943 is this, gentlemen, the second deficiency of 1943, $10,000,000; the second deficiency in 1944, $12,000,000; the act of June 12, 1945, $12,000,000; the Second Urgent Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1947, $12,000,000; the Second Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1948, $6,000,000; the Civil Functions Appropriation Act of 1948, $3,000,000; the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1949, $10,000,000; the Urgent Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1950, $1,000,000; and the Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1950, $2,500,000.