Mr. SWERDLOW. That is true. I think that is generally true in most countries. The farm areas generally manage to provide for themselves much better than the urban areas, as far as food is concerned. Senator BALL. But the over-all average would be what? Probably, in most countries, less than half?

FOOD REQUIREMENTS AND AGRICULTURAL SITUATION IN GREECE

Mr. SWENSON. Here are the figures on Greece, Senator Ball. It

says:

Only 20 percent of Greece's land is arable, although two-thirds of the population is agricultural; 30 percent of the food requirements were normally imported, including a large proportion of grains. The drought of 1945 was the most severe in 25 years; and as a result of this and other adverse factors, this year's wheat crop is only 55 percent of the average prewar production-393,500 tons in 1945 against a prewar yield of 768,000 tons per annum, The barley crop is 38 percent abnormal; oats 48 percent; rye 41 percent; corn 56 percent. The pulse, potato, and olive oil yields are also far below prewar production.

In other words, when you realize that Greece had to import 30 percent of her food before the war, and that this year's crop is only about 50 percent the yearly prewar average, it is evident their local production falls far short of their needs.

Mr. LEHMAN. Of course, Greece was always a deficit country.
Senator BALL. Poland was not; was it?

Mr. SWENSON. No. Poland was an exporting country. In large areas of Poland they will be able to pick up food production fast, provided they receive UNRRA help.

TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

Senator BALL. Of course, the problem there, like it was in France, was transport.

Mr. LEHMAN. Transport is way up on the list of priorities. We have known many cases where food existed in a certain place and 25 or 30 miles away they were starving simply because there was no way of bringing stuff over there.

Senator BALL. What I was trying to get at is this: UNRRA cannot possibly carry the whole food load in all these countries; the sooner you can get in the machinery and the animals, the sooner they get back on their feet and can provide for themselves. UNRRA could not possibly ship enough to keep them half-way decent.

Senator HAYDEN. Had you finished your questions, Senator Thomas?

Senator THOMAS. For the time being.

DOLLAR VALUE OF EXPENDITURES BASED ON SHIPMENT OF MILLION TONS PER MONTH

Senator BALL. Can you give us the dollar value of your expenditures now and when you get up to this million tons a month?

Mr. SWERDLOW. When we start running a million tons a month it will be about $350,000,000.

Mr. LEHMAN. I think that is probably high. I would say about $300,000,000. That includes freight, of course.

Senator BALL. Then you cannot possibly keep that rate up 3 or 4 years?

Mr. LEHMAN. We cannot, of course.

Mr. SWERDLOW. We have to get most of the farm machinery and seeds there before the planting season. Then we will taper off. Senator HAYDEN (presiding). If there are no further questions, the committee will stand recessed until tomorrow morning.

Mr. CLAYTON. Mr. Chairman, it occurred to me to suggest that as Governor Lehman has been asked to appear before the House Foreign Affairs Committee tomorrow, if this committee wished to question me further, perhaps it would suit you to have me come in here at 10:30 and let the Governor come in later.

Senator HAYDEN. Senator McKellar wanted to ask Governor Lehman some questions, so you had better be here, Mr. Governor. Mr. LEHMAN. I will.

STATEMENT ON HEADQUARTERS PERSONNEL OF UNRRA

(See p. 72)

(The following information was subsequently submitted :)

Headquarters personnel only, classified by grade and salary range, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, as of Oct. 31, 1945

Status of control budget and distribution of personnel, headquarters office, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, as of the close of business, Oct. 31, 1945

(Thereupon, at 12: 15 p. m., an adjournment was taken until tomorrow, Wednesday, November 21, 1945, at 10:30 a. m.)

UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND REHABILITATION

ADMINISTRATION, 1946

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1945

UNITED STATES SENATE,

SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS,

Washington, D. C.

The subcommittee met at 10:45 a. m., Hon. Carl Hayden presiding (until the arrival of Senator McKellar).

Present: Senators McKellar (chairman of the subcommittee), Hay · den, Thomas, McCarran, and Ball.

Also present: Senator Eastland.

STATEMENT OF HERBERT H. LEHMAN, DIRECTOR GENERAL, UNRRA, ACCOMPANIED BY ALFRED DAVIDSON, GENERAL COUNSEL, UNRRA; OSCAR SCHACHTER, ASSISTANT GENERAL COUNSEL, UNRRA; IRVING SWERDLOW, CHIEF STATISTICS AND REPORTS, UNRRA; AND LOUIS SWENSON, CHIEF, PROCUREMENT COORDINATION, UNRRA

Senator HAYDEN. The committee will be in order. Senator Thomas, I believe there was some question you desired to ask Governor Lehman. I think you might as well go ahead while we are waiting for Senator McKellar. He will be a few minutes late.

PURCHASE OF MULES FROM BRITISH GOVERNMENT FOR USE IN GREECE

Senator THOMAS. Very well, Mr. Chairman; I have just received a letter from a friend of mine from Leghorn, Italy, dated November 5, 1945. The writer of the letter is Lt. (jg.) Paul W. Updegraff, steamship George Steers, Fleet Post Office, New York, N. Y. I desire to read the first paragraph and then have the Governor or someone else comment on this, if they care to. The letter is addressed to me and it arrived this morning.

About 2 weeks ago in Bari I was privileged to talk at length with an UNRRA official from the Greek mission. He is on a 18 months' leave of absence from Cornell University, where he is a professor of animal husbandry. He took over the duties formerly in charge of a Britisher. His particular assignment was to purchase 10,000 head of mules from the British Army and give them to the Greek Government. His predecessor had agreed to pay $400 per head without specifications as to weight, height, and age. When he told the British colonel in charge that he could not accept any mule over the age of 15 and that it must be so many hands high and weigh so much, and that he could not pay more than $200 per head, the colonel pointed out that the UNRRA official before him had agreed to pay $400, that we were allies, and that everyone knew the British Army 79

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