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Baden-Powell, G: Protection and Bad Times, with special reference to the Political Economy of English Colonization. Lond., Trübner, 1879. 376 p. O.

Bastable, C. F. Theory of International Trade, with some of its applications to economic policy. Lond., Simpkin, Marshall & Co., 1887. 176 p. D. Bright, J: Speeches on Questions of Public Policy, ed. by Prof. Thorold Rogers. Popular ed. Lond. and N. Y., Macmillan. 12°, $1.25.

Buxton, E. N. The A B C of Free Trade. Cobden Club tract. Lond. and N. Y., Cassell, 12 c.

Cobden, R. Political Writings. Cobden Club puh. Lond. and N. Y., Cassell, $3.10.

Fawcett, H: Free Trade and Protection. An inquiry into the causes which have retarded the general adoption of Free Trade since its introduction into England. 6th ed. Lond. and N. Y., Macmillan, 1888. xvi-173 p. D. $1.25. The American arguments for protection are especially taken into account.

Farrer, T. H. Free Trade vs. Fair Trade. Cobden Club. Lond. and N. Y., Cassell, 1885. 2d rev. ed. 267 p. D. 2s. 6d.

An examination of the pleas for fair trade, as the protection incidental to retaliatory tariffs is called in England. Has very valuable statistical appendixes.

Leadam, J. S. What Protection Does for the Farmer: a chapter of agricultural history. Cobden Club tract. Lond and N. Y., Cassell, 1885. 25 c. Medley, G: W. Fair Trade Unmasked. Cobden Club tract. Lond. and N. Y., Cassell, 1885. 42 p. D. pap. 25 c.

Mongredien, A: Free Trade and English Commerce. Cobden Club pub. Lond. and N. Y., Cassell, 1880. 102 p. 12mo, 25 c. Mongredien, A: Cobden Club pub. T. Is. Also, N. Y.,

Mongredien, A:

New and rev. ed.

History of the Free-Trade Movement in England. 10th thousand. Lond. and N. Y., Cassell, 1888. 188 p.

Putnam, 1888. 50 c.

Pleas for Protection Examined. Cobden Club tract. Lond. and N. Y., Cassell, 1888. 48 p. D. pap. 25 c. Morley, J: Life of R: Cobden. New ed. Lond., Chapman & Hall, 1883. 616 p. D. cl. 2s.; pap. Is. Library ed. in 2 v., demy 8o, 32s.

Gives details of the Anti-Corn Law agitation, and negotiation of French treaty. Pearce-Edgcumbe, E. R. Popular Fallacies Regarding Trade and Foreign Duties; the 'Sophismes économiques" of F. Bastiat adapted to the present time. Lond. and N. Y., Cassell, 1885. 80 p. D. pap. 25 c.

Rathbone, W. Protection and Communism: a consideration of the effect of the American tariff on wages. Questions of the Day, no. 15. N. Y., Putnam, 1880, 42 p. D. pap. 25 c.

By a member of the British Parliament, who holds Protection to be communistic in tendency.

Rogers, J. E. THOROLD. and N. Y., Macmillan, 1873.

Cobden and Modern Political Opinion. Lond. 16+382 p. D. $8.

Thompson, PERRONET. A Catechism of the Corn Laws. Lond., 1827. One of the most remarkable publications ever made on the subject of free trade and protection. It was circulated at the time by thousands, but is now to be found only in the libraries. It contains the famous monkey illustration, and for wit has never been surpassed in economic literature.

Wise, R. B. Facts and Fallacies of Modern Protection. Lond., Trübner, 1879. 117 p. D. 2s. 6d.

Cobden Club prize essay, 1878.

Amé, M. Etude sur les tarifs de commerce. 2 v. Paris, Guillaumin, 1876.

The best French work.

Bastiat, F. Sophisms of Protection. With preface by Horace White. N. Y., Putnam, 1886. 398 p. 16°, cl. $1; pap. 50 c.

Chevalier, MICHEL. Examen du système commercial connu sous le nom de système protecteur. Paris, Guillaumin, 1852. 384 p. D.

Richelot, H: Histoire de la reforme commerciale en Angleterre. 2 v. Paris, Capelle, 1855. 494, 495 p. D.

In Chap. 7" Recent Economic Changes," by David A. Wells, N. Y., 1889, will be found a comprehensive statement of the effect on the various States of Europe of governmental interference with international commerce, from 1870 to 1888. No similar review of the situation has heretofore been presented.

J. Schoenhof criticises protection in "The Industrial Situation," [see Labor and Capital, Wages].

See also "Free Trade," by Prof. Thorold Rogers, in Encycl. Britannica, 9th ed., v. 9; "Tariffs and Tariff Legislation," by D. A. Wells, in Lalor's Political Cyclopædia, v. 3.

The N. Y. Free Trade Club (Jas. Gaunt, Sec., 365 Canal St., New York), which is also publishing agent for the American Free Trade League, has published a variety of books and pamphlets, most of which are also included in the list of G. P. Putnam's Sons' publications. The smaller pamphlets include papers, speeches, etc., by Beecher, Bowker, Codman, Donnell, Hazard, Hurd, McAdam, Moore, Schoenhof, Shearman, Wells, White, and others.

The Reform Club, New York (2 E. 27th St.), issues the "Reform Club Series," also a series of tracts for Tariff Reform, with that title. A selection bound in I v. appears in list of books immediately foregoing.

The files of successive free-trade periodicals, The American Free Trader, The New Century, The Million, The Peoples' Cause, are of interest and value. The Weekly Post, New York, ($1 per year), and Tariff Reform ($1 per year), issued fortnightly by the Reform Club, New York, each issue treating a special subject, are now the leading periodicais on this side.

The Cobden Club, London, in its annual report, gives a list of and the number of books and tracts circulated by it from its start. It also publishes, through Cassell & Co., numerous pamphlets and leaflets.

Common Sense of the Tariff Question. E: Atkinson. Monthly, Aug. and Sept., 1890.

Popular Science

How Customs Duties Work. E. J. Shriver. Political Science Quarterty, June, 1887.

Protectionism and Protectionists.

Economics, April, 1890.

F. A. Walker. Quarterly Journal of

COMMERCIAL UNION, RECIPROCITY.

Curtis, W: E. Trade and Transportation between the United States and Latin America. Washington, Gov. Pr. Office, 1890. 355 p. O.

Handbook of Commercial Union [United States and Canada]. Toronto, Williamson & Co., 1888. 360 p. D. 25c.

International American Conference. Washington, Gov. Pr. Office, 1890. 905 p. Q.

Minutes of the Conference.

In both Spanish and English. Corresponds to the Journal of the House of Representatives.

International American Conference. Reports and Recommendations transmitted to Congress, with Message from the President, and letters from the Secretary of State. Washington, Gov. Pr. Office, 1890. 395 p. O.

Contains Plan of Arbitration, 6 p.; Reciprocity Treaties with Latin America, 11 p.; Inter-continental Railway Line (with maps) 214 p.; Postal and Cable Communication, 68 p.; Sanitary Regulations, 13 p.; Customs Regulations, 18 p.; International Monetary Union, 2 p.; Patents and Trade Marks, 10 p.; Weights and Measures, 4 p.; Port Dues, 3 p.; International Law, 30 p.; Extradition of Criminals, 7 p.; International Bank, 7 p.; Memorial Tablet, 1 p.; Celebration of the Discovery of America, 1 p.

International American Conference. Reports of Committees and Discussions thereon. Washington, Gov. Pr. Office, 1890, 1203 p. Q.

Separately published in English and Spanish. To these reports is added, Report of the Tour of the Delegates through the United States; and an Historical Appendix-the Congress of 1856 at Panama and subsequent movements toward a Conference of American Nations.

Our Continent; or, America for the Americans. Proceedings and reports of the Pan-American Congress; letters from South America relating to the trade of the East, West, and North coasts; and letters from Newfoundland on the Fisheries dispute. N. Y., Tribune Assoc., 1890. 96 p. D. pap., 25 C.

In November, 1890, the Bureau of American Republics was established by the Department of State at Washington. It will issue at frequent intervals, for free distribution to the public, pamphlets or bulletins, containing: 1, Existing customs tariffs of the several countries, with all changes of the same as they occur. 2, Regulations affecting entrance and clearance of vessels, importation and exportation of merchandise. 3, Ample quotations from commercial and parcel-post treaties between any of the American republics. 4, Important statistics of commerce and other information of special interest.

The Hawaiian Reciprocity Treaty is included in "Old and New Tariffs Indexed," issued by Treas. Dept., Washington, 1883.

The literature of Commercial Union can be had from Mr. Erastus Wiman, 314 Broadway, New York.

Can we Coerce Canada? Erastus Wiman. North American Review, Jan., 1891.

Capture of Canada. Erastus Wiman. North American Review, August,

1890.

Perplexities that Canada Would Bring. A. R. Carman. Forum, July,

PUBLIC FINANCE.

The first authority on American taxation is Wells, whose reports are invaluable. Ely's and Seligman's monographs deserve high commendation. The works of Dowell and Noble are the best English contributions to the literature of public finance. Pres. E. B. Andrews prescribes the following course for a student: Cossa's Taxation, then Marzano. From him, being now ready for a real comprehension of the subject, he could proceed to the third volume of Schönberg's Handbuch der politischen Oekonomie [see Political Economy. Works of Reference]. Thence to enrich his view by fresh and large exposition, joined with abundant historical application, he might pass to Cohn. He could then advance to Roscher, Wagner, Stein, and Leroy-Beaulieu.

REVENUE TAXATION, SINGLE TAX.

Adams, C. F., Jr., Williams, W. H., and Oberly, J. H. Taxation of Railroads and Railroad Securities. N. Y., Railroad Gazette, 1880. 49 p. D.

50 c.

Reports on the systems of railroad taxation in the several States of the United States, also in Austria, British America, Belgium, England, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Russia. Switzerland.

Balti

Adams, H: CARTER. Taxation in the United States 1789-1816. more, Johns Hopkins Univ. Historical Series, 1884. 79 p. O. pap. 50 c. Andrews, G: H., Commissioner of Taxes. Twelve Letters on the Future of New York. N. Y., 1877.

O.

These papers and Mr. Minot's contain valuable information respecting the inequalities and inefficiencies of the systems of local taxation now existing in this country, with more particular reference to those of Massachusetts and New York. They cannot be easily purchased, but can usually be obtained for reference

Bolles, ALBERT S. Financial History of the United States. N. Y., Homans Pub. Co. 3 v. O. V. I, 1774-89, 371 p. $2.50. V. 2, 1789-1860, 621 p. $3.50. V. 3, 1861-85, 585 p. $3.50.

Defective in method and arrangement. Contains some statistics not to be found in convenient shape elsewhere.

Bourne, E. G. History of the Surplus Revenue of 1837. Questions of the Day, no. 2.4. N. Y., Putnam, 1885. 161 p. D. $1.25.

Shows the disasters which resulted from distributing among the States a surplus of $40,000,000 from the Federal treasury.

Burroughs, W. H. Law of Taxation. N. Y., Baker, Voorhis & Co., 1877. O. shp. $6.50; supplement to 1883, $2.50.

Offers to the student or the lawyer full information on the laws of taxation in the United States, Federal, State, and municipal, with reviews and citations of court decisions. Canfield, JAMES H. Taxation. Economic tract, no. 9. N. Y., Soc. for Political Education, 1883. 48 p. D. pap. 15 c.

Cooley, T: M. ments. 2d ed. enl.

Law of Taxation, including the Law of Local Assess· Chicago, Callaghan & Co., 1886. 88+991 p. O. $7.50. Exposition of the Double Taxation of Personal Property in Massachusetts. Boston, 1885. 15 p. O. pap.

Crocker, G: G.

Davies, JULIEN T., comp. System of Taxation in the State of New York. Troy, 1888. III+494 p. O.

Constitutional provisions, statutes, and cases relating thereto.

Ely, R: T., and Finley, J. H.

Taxation in American States and

Cities. N. Y., T. Y. Crowell & Co., 1888. 544 p. D. $1.75.

A popular work describing taxation as it is, with suggestions for reform. Presents much illustrative information. Holds that a referendum should decide proposed loans in cities. P. 94-101 give a bibliography of taxation.

Ensley, ENOCH. The Tax Question: what should be taxed, and how it should be taxed. Nashville, 1873. 27 p. O. pap.

Gouge, W: M. Fiscal History of Texas. 327 p. O.

Phila., Lippincott, 1852.

An interesting chapter in American financial history. The errors of older communities were repeated with disastrous results.

Hilliard, FRANCIS. The Law of Taxation. Bost., Little, Brown & Co., 1875. O. $6.

Jones, W: H. Federal Taxes and State Expenses. Questions of the Day, no. 39. N. Y., Putnam, 1887. 135 p. D. $1.

Kearny, J: Sketch of American Finance, 1789-1835, N. Y., Putnam, 1887. 160 p. D. $1.

Minot, W. JR. Taxation in Massachusetts. 1877. O. pap. 25 c.

Bost., A. Williams & Co.,

Quincy, JOSIAH P. Double Taxation in Massachusetts. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1889. 24 p. O. pap.

Reports on Taxation from Consuls of the United States. Consular Reports, nos. 99 and 100. Washington, Gov. Pr. Office, 1888. 791 p. O.

Baltimore,

Schwab, J: CHRISTOPHER. History of the New York Property Tax: an introd. to the History of State and Local Finance in New York. American Economic Assoc., 1890. 108 p. O. $1.

Seligman, E. R. A. Finance Statistics of the American Commonwealths. Boston, American Statistical Assoc., 1889. 120 p. O. pap. $1.

Seligman, E. R. A. General Property Tax. N. Y., Ginn & Co., 1890. 40 p. O. pap. 40 c.

Reprinted from Political Science Quarterly, March, 1890. Gives 2 p. American bibliography-reports, pamphlets, and monographs.

Seligman, E. R. A. Taxation of Corporations. N. Y., Ginn & Co., 1890. 110 p. O. pap. 75 c.

Reprinted from Political Science Quarterly, June, Sept., Dec., 1890. Fully discusses the general subject of double taxation. Contains a bibliography.

Shaw, ALBERT, ed. The National Revenues. Chicago, A. C. McClurg & Co., 1888. 245 p. S. $1.

Contains Protective Tariffs as a Question of National Economy, by Prof. W. W. Folwell; Surplus Financiering, by Prof. H. C. Adams; The Tariff and Trusts-Expenditures for Internal Improvements, by Prof. R. T. Ely; Shall the Internal Revenue be Retained? by Prof. R. M. Smith: A Defence of the Protective Policy, by Prof. R. E. Thompson; The Readjustment of the Revenues, by Prof. E. R. A. Seligman; The Theory and Practice of Protection, by Prof. Jesse Macy: The Certainties of the Tariff Question, by Prof. J. B. Clark: Taxation and Appropriation, by Prof. Woodrow Wilson; Equality in TaxationCommercial Union with Canada, by Prof. A. D. Morse; Steamship Subsidies as a Means of Reducing the Surplus, by Prof. A. T. Hadley: Protection and American Agriculture, by Pres. F. A. Walker; The Tariff and the Western Farmer, by Prof. J. H. Canfield; Inter

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