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ly in his chamber at Kingston, saying, at sway Stapylton and flollis had heietoin the kingdom, and he knew nothing to contrary but that he was as well able to ern the kingdom as either of them: so in all his discourse nothing more appear-nance their designs, then to proceed without it = than his seeking after the government of I therefore chose to quit myself of my com, parliament, city, and kingdom; for the mand, wherein I have served the parliament for eting whereof he thought it necessary, and these 5 years last past, and put myself upon the vereth it as his judgment, that a consider- greatest hazards by discovering these truths, party of the chief citizens of London, and rather than, by hopes of gain with a troubled e of every county, be clapt up in castles mind, continue an assistant or abettor of such garrisons, for the more quiet and subinis- as give affronts to the parliament and king carriage of every place to which they be-dom, by abusing of their power and authority,

with some hopes that at length there might be a returning to the obedience of parliament; but contrary hereunto, knowing that resolu tions were taken up. That in case the power of parliament cannot be gained to counte

. Further saying, That from the raising e late Tumult in London, there should be ccasion taken to hang the recorder and almen of London, then in the Tower, that city might see the more they did stir in osition, the more they should suffer; adE, That the city must first be made an exle.-And since lieut. general Cromwell sent down from the parliament for the reing of the Army to their obedience, he hath t frequently, in public and private, delied these ensuing Heads as his principles, whence all the foregoing particulars have ed; being fully confirmed, as I humbly ceive, by his practice in the transaction of * Lord Clarendon writes, "That Ashburnlast year's business: 1. That every single ham and Berkeley received many advertisean is judge of just and right, as to the good ments from some officers with whom they had ad ill of a kingdom. 2.That the interest most conversed, and who would have been honest men is the interest of the kingdom' glad that the king might have been restored by d those only are deemed honest men by the Army, for the preferments which they ex, that are conformable to his judgment and pected might fall to their share; that Crom ctice; which may appear in many particu-well and Ireton resolved never to trust the To instance but one, in the choice of king, or to do any thing towards his restora Rainsborough to be vice-admiral; lient. tion; and they two steered the whole body; eral Cromwell being asked How he could and therefore it was advised, that some way t a man whose interest was so directly op- might be found to remove his majesty out of ite to what he had professed, and one whom their hands. Major Huntington, one of the had lately aimed to remove from all places best officers they had, aud major to Cromwell's rust? He answered, That he had now re- own regunent of horse, upon whom he relied red particular assurance from col. Rains-in any enterprize of importance, more than ough, as great as could be given by man, upon any mau, had been employed by him to t he would be conformable to the judgment the king, to say those things from him which | direction of himself and commnissary ge- had given the king the most confidence, and al Ireton, for the managing of the whole was much more than he had ever said to Ashiness at sea. 3. That it is lawful to pass burnham; and the major did really believe rough any forms of government for the ac- that he had meant all he said, and the king had mplishing of his end; and therefore either a good opinion of the integrity of the major, purge the houses, and support the remain- upon the testimony he had received from some party by force everlastingly, or to put a he knew had no mind to deceive his majesty; riod to them by force, is very lawful and and the man merited the testimony they gave itable to the interest of honest men. 4. him. He, when he observed Cromwell to bat it is lawful to play the knave with a grow colder in his expressions for the king have.' These gentlemen aforesaid in the than he had formerly been, expostulated with ny thus principled, and, as by many other him in very sharp terms for abusing him, and cumstances may appear, acting accordingly, making him the instrument to cozen the king ; too much cause to believe that the suc- and, though the other endeavoured to persuade 3 which may be obtained by the Army, ex- him that all should be well, he informed his t timely prevented by the wisdom of the majesty of all he had observed, and told him liament, will be made use of to the destroy-that Cromwell was a villain, and would deof all that power for which we first ened: and I having, for above these 12 aths past, sadly and with much reluctancy erved the several Passages aforesaid; yet

to carry on their particular designs; against whom, in the midst of danger, I shall ever avow the truth of this Narrative, and myself to be a constant, faithful, and obedient servant to the parliament of England. Ro. HUNTINGTON." August 2, 1618.”

The Commons order their Votes against the Scots Army to be printed: and appeal to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland against the Declaration of their Committee of Estates.] We have before taken notice, That a Declaration had been presented to both houses from the Committee of Estates of the Parliament of

stroy him if he were not prevented; and in a short time after he gave up his commission, and would serve no longer in the Army." vol. 5, p. 75.

Scotland, setting forth the Reasons of their | framed suitable to the several present stirring Army's marching into England under the command of the duke of Hamilton; and that the Commons had thereupon passed a Vote, declaring that Army, and all such as joined them, to be Traitors; and another, with the same censure, against all those who had given them invitation to both these the lords refusing their concurrence, the commons thereupon ordered them to be printed and published; and likewise the following Narrative to be sent to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.

A NARRATIVE of the Proceedings of the PARLIAMENT of England in the Work | of Reformation, and of their Resolutions to maintain the Government of the Kingdom established by Law, and of their Endeavours for Settlement of the Peace, and Preservation of the Union, between the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland.*

distempers, the better to foment discontents in all sorts of people against them; charging them, That they do not intend any thing in the work of Reformation, though they do more malign what they have done already than desire they should do more; that they have a purpose to alter the government of the king dom; that they are enemies to Peace, and te the union of the kingdoms, and such like: Therefore, that by such practices neither you may be abused nor we further wronged, ne have thought fit, for the necessary vindicat of the parliament, to give you, in the firs place, a short view, how far, through the sistance of Almighty God, to whom alone it the glory, the two houses of parliament ban proceeded in the work of Reformation, nilwithstanding the opposition of the enemies to truth; and the great dangers and difficultas which have been raised to hinder them, by th force and power, plots and designs, of the "We the commons assembled in the par- Popish, Prelatical, and Malignant party in th liament of England, taking it into our consider- kingdom, with whom the Scots Army are ation, That however the late possessing of joined in forces and councils.—It is very Berwick and Carlisle, and the coming of the known how great a party in this kingdom set Scots Army and forces into this kingdom, be engaged for upholding of prelacy; yet the most notorious and unparalleled breaches of parliament, notwithstanding all discour the Solemn League and Covenant; and the ments and bazards to themselves, have tak many Treaties, national Agreements, and acts away and extirpated that government, so of parliament, passed both in England and greeable to what is practised in other Reforme Scotland: Yet, because we are assured these Churches, and prejudicial to the power of Go impious and unwarrantable actions cannot be liness. And because the Peace of the Church done with the approbation and consent of the and Power of Religion, cannot long cantat religious and well-affected people of the king-without good order and discipline establishe dom of Scotland; and that we understand therein; they called an Assembly of gods there are very few amongst those who are in learned, and orthodox Divines from all par this Engagement against us, that first engaged of the kingdom, with whom some com with us in the Covenant and Cause; but such sioners of the Church of Scotland joined, as have been professed enemies to them, how-sit at Westminster; and, after consulta ever they be now content to pretend thereunto, that they may the better deceive the people of this kingdom: We are unwilling to impute such evils to the nation in general, but to those persons that own and appear in them; whom we are confident God, that hath still so remarkably manifested his displeasure against truce-breakers, in his due time will judge, whatever we may suffer in the mean while.-Therefore we now send to you, that it may appear we will not, by any provocation, be induced to withdraw ourselves from those in Scotland who retain their former principles; and still own The Confession of Faith or Articles the Cause wherein we have, with a blessing Christian Religion,' as it came from the from Heaven, been so long engaged and so- sembly of Divines, with some small Alteration lemnly united.—And because the enemies only some small part is yet under consideration thereof have been very industrious in prose- the rest being printed and published by the cuting a design to hinder the work of Refor-rity of parliament. They have passed a Great mation in this kingdom, by raising many scandals and reproaches upon the parliament; and by unworthy insinuations of their ends and intentions, and false representations of their actions and proceedings, which they have

* Printed by Edward Husbands, printer to the Honourable House of Commons, August 8, 1648,

had with them, both houses took away the
Service-Book, commonly called The Book
Common-Prayer,' and established a D
tory for Worship;' commanding the pra
of it in all the churches and chapels of the
kingdom: and, instead of Episcopacy,
have set up Presbyterian government in
Church, which is already settled in many pa
of the kingdom; and do, by God's assista
resolve to pursue the further perfecting
establishing of it in all parts, both in Eng
and Ireland. They have approved and p

and Lesser Catechism that came from the Assembly of Divines. They have taken away all superstitious Ceremonies and popish vations. They have given authority for demolishing of all Representations of any sons of the Trinity, Saint, or Angel; taking away all Altars, Crosses, Cruces Pictures, and all other monuments of idolatry and superstition in any church, chapel,

of Reformation until it be perfected.-For other things wherewith we are commonly aspersed; as, That we should have intentions to alter the Fundamental Government of this kingdom, both houses have endeavoured so to stop the mouth of malice, by declaring several times formerly, and so late as the 6th of May, last, That they will not alter the Government by king, lords and commons; that we shall need say no more of it.-And for our Desires of Peace, our seven several Addresses to the King, with Propositions for a safe and wellgrounded Peace, will sufficiently speak for us : and although the several denials which we have received from his majesty formerly, and the present preparations for war by the Malignant party of both kingdoms under pretence of Peace, might wholly discourage us; yet we, notwithstanding all the hazards that may attend it, have now again agreed to try whether a Peace can be settled by a Treaty with his majesty in the Isle of Wight, upon the Propositions presented to him at Hampton-Court; wherein we shall, by the help of God, approve ourselves such as are both desirous of a firm peace, and mindful of the trust reposed in us by the people of this kingdom, for the securing of Religion and their Liberties.-As for our Desires to preserve the Union and brotherly Agreement betwixt the kingdoms, we shall not here say much about it; because the whole transaction betwist our Commissioners and the Parliament, and Committee of Estates of Scotland will be printed; wherein it will appear what was offered, in order to give them real. satisfaction in our Engagements to them for, the service of their armies in England and Ireland, to which we could never get any Answer; and what they demanded in the name and by the command of both houses, from the Parliament and Committee of Estates of Scotland, concerning several English Delinquents and Incendiaries then in Scotland, which, by treaties and acts of parliament passed in both kingdoms, ought to have been delivered to be tried in the kingdom of Eng land; but instead of giving them up, they were countenanced and encouraged, consulted and agreed with, to seize and hold the towns of Berwick and Carlisle in the kingdom of England; which by acts of parliament, and several treaties and agreements of both kingdoms, were not to be garrisoned without the consent of both parliaments.—And when, in pursuance of those Treaties and Agreements, our commissioners did declare those traitors and enemies to this kingdom that had garrisoned them; and required the like Declaration from the parlia ment and committee of estates of Scotland, it would not be assented unto, although very often pressed; but, instead thereof, all manner of provisions were sent unto the commanders in those garrisons, though many of them notorious Papists; and they had much freedom and countenance to their proceedings by persons of eminent power in Scotland: and whereas, notwithstanding we had notice there

lace, within this kingdom. They have passed a Ordinance for the punishing of Blasphemies rd Heresies. They have passed an Ordinance or ejecting scandalous Ministers and Schoollasters; and thereupon have removed many, whose stead they have placed godly and le men. They have passed an Ordinance, sat none shall enter into the work of the inistry, but such as are ordained thereto. hey have given all the encouragement, and ade the best provision, they could for the aintenance of a godly Preaching Ministry rough the kingdom; not only in removing e ignorant and scandalous, but in angmenting e maintenance of painful Ministers, both it of the Impropriations of Bishops, the states and Revenues of Deans and Chapters, d out of the Impropriations of Delinquents, bich they bought out and settled upon urches that wanted maintenance, to a very eat value. They have purged the Univerties and chief Schools of the kingdom, which the seminaries of learning for education of outh, of many heads of houses, fellows and holars that were superstitious, prelatical, d malignant; and have placed, in their cad, such as are well-affected to Reformation Religion, and to Uniformity with other eformed Churches. They have passed seveOrdinances for the better Observation of e Lord's Day, and Days of public Fast and hanksgiving; they have condemned all licenous practices upon those days, and have dered the Books, formerly written in favour them, to be publickly burnt. They have ssed an Ordinance for suppressing all Stagelays and Interludies, the nurseries of vice d profaneness.—And although we must needs y, That the greatest let and impediment hich we have met with, in settling the Reforation of Religion according to the Covenant, ath come from his majesty; (who, by his fusing hitherto to grant our Desires for the king away of Episcopacy and the Serviceook, and to settle the Directory for Worship d Presbyterian Government; and, by denyg his concurrence to establish them by act parliament, hath given great occasion to en of unsound judgments, to spread their pinions and errors, which is not unusual in mes of Reformation when the settling of it is ng delayed; and further, by his declaring his late Message from the Isle of Wight, That he thinks himself obliged, both as a Christian and as a king, to employ whatever power God shall put into his hand for the upholding of Episcopacy,' hath given great enouragement to the Popish, Malignant, and relatical Party, to endeavour, by plots and esigns, and now again by open force, the retroducing of Episcopacy and the Servicelook; which, by the conjunction of the Scots ry with their forces, they have now great opes to effect); yet, by God's assistance who ath helped us hitherto, it shall be our çare nd endeavour, against all dangers and discouagements whatsoever, to proceed in the work VOL. III.

3 R

was some design for seizing these towns, which might have been prevented by our timely putting forces into them, yet to avoid the guilt of Breach of Treaties, we rather resolved to run the hazard which did ensue, than to bring that imputation upon ourselves. And it now appears, that these towns were but taken in trust to be delivered to the Scots forces; who, however they do publickly declare for Religion and the Covenant, yet the Papists and Delinquents, not only in Berwick and Carlisle, but in other parts of the kingdom, (who are professed enemies to Religion and the Covenant, and do kill, plunder, and pursue those who have been faithful in them) are so well satisfied of their ends and intentions that they join and hazard their lives and fortunes with them.Whilst these afore-mentioned Councils and Compliances were thus on foot in Scotland, with those that are declared enemies to the Peace of this kingdom and to the grounds of the union of both kingdoms, the parliament of Scotland did send us a Paper of Desires, dated the 26th of April last, which in the Letter wherein they were inclosed are called Demands (which implies a right that upon examination will not be found); yet the houses were so desirous to give the parliament of Scotland all possible satisfaction, that they did not take exception thereunto, nor to the person by whom they were sent, who was accused before them for endeavouring the revolt of the forces under the lord Inchequin in Ireland, which then had happened; nor did they insist upon the first granting of their aforesaid just Demands made to the parliament and Committee of Estates of Scotland; but perceiving so strange an alteration in that kingdom, they judged it fit for them to try, in the first place, whether Scotland would own the cause wherein we had both been engaged; and therefore (after our commissioners had acquainted the Committee of Estates with our Declaration of the 6th of May last, concerning our full resolution to maintain and preserve inviolably the Solemn League and Covenant, and Treaties betwixt the kingdoms) they did return Answer to this purpose; That we did offer to join with the Parliament of Scotland, in the Propositions presented to the king at Hampton-Court, and in making such further proceedings thereupon as should be thought fit for the speedy Settlement of the Peace of both kingdoms, and preservation of the Union, according to the Covenant and Treaties; and when we should receive their Answer thereunto, the houses would be ready to give further satisfaction in those things which should not intrench upon the particular interests of the kingdom, and privileges of the parliament of England. But to these all the Answer our commissioners could obtain from the Parliament, or Committee of Estates of Scotland, was, That they could return us no Answer, till just satisfaction were given to their Desires of the 26th of April. Afterwards, we agreed upon a Per

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sonal Treaty with the king's majesty upon Proposition, he first consenting to Three Propositions which, in substance, he had granted in former Messages; and the houses sent to the Committee of Estates for Scotland to join with them, and to prepare such Propositions as they thought fit for that kingdom: but to this neither we, nor our commissioners, received any Answer until a Scots Army had invaded this kingdom, and then it was sent with a Declaration, of which we will say no more in this place, but that, considering they were bound by treaties and acts of parliament to give us 3 months warning before their mak ing war with us, it had been more honourable that their Declaration had rather come before, than followed after, their Army.-By all which, and by their vigorous pursuing the raising of their Army, before they sent their Desires; and even after, before they knew what Answer would be returned to them by the houses, it doth appear, that this invasion was intended and resolved upon, let us say or do what we would; wherein they have too little considered how many obligations did lie upon them to the contrary; how much this their Engagement tends to the utter ruin of poor Ireland, who, by their drawing away so many of the British and other forces to join with them and disabling us to send them relief, is exposed to imminent hazard; how much to the dishonour and dan ger of the Reformed Religion in all Christendom; and how highly the God of Truth and Peace is provoked by it: all which evils, seting we have en our parts so much laboured to prevent, we doubt not but God will be with us, and the prayers of his people for us: and that those who have dealt falsely in striking hands with the common enemy, to kindle a new fire betwixt these kingdoms, shall themselves perisa therein, Com."*

II. ELSYNGE, Cler. Parl. Dom.

The English Commissioners at Edinburgh return home.] The march of the Scots Army into England having rendered all further ne gotiations unnecessary, the English Commi sioners applied for a safe-conduct home; in return to which they received the following Letter from the earl of Crawford, lord treasurer of Scotland:

66

Right Honourable; I am commanded by the Committee of Estates, in answer to your lordships Desires of the 19th of this instant July, to return to your lordships from them the inclosed pass; and when your lordships shall

* Mr. Walker styles the foregoing Address to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, from the House of Commons of England, a dangerous precedent to both kingdoms

To make a few ambitious pedantical Churchmen supreme judges over parliaments and state affairs, in ordine ad Deum; and how apt they are," says he, "to lay hold upon such occasions, and kindle their zeal into a consuming flame, I leave all wise men to judge.” History of Independency, p. 126.

be pleased to acquaint them with the time of your parting from hence, they will be ready, if you insist thereupon, to appoint a competent convoy to attend your lordships for so much of the way as you shall think necessary; your lordships engaging the public faith of the kingdom of England for their safe return. I am likewise commanded by the Committee to shew your lordships, that, by their orders, the towns of Berwick and Carlisle are, for the peace of both kingdoms, secured from the sectaries; and that just satisfaction being given to the necessary Desires of this kingdom, not only these towns shall be put in the condition they were in formerly, and their fortifications slight ed, but likewise all the forces of the king tom of Scotland, now in England, shall inmediately be recalled and return; and that they will still inviolably observe, on their parts, the union and brotherly correspondence betwixt the kingdoms. The Committee having employed one Mr. Thomas Haliburton, about a month since, to go to London as a public servant of theirs, they have commanded me to show your lordships their desire that no let nor hindrance be offered to him in his returu, which would contrary to the law of nations, and to their expectations. I am, &c. CRAWFORD and LINDSAY. Edinburgh, July 31."

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The English Commissioners Answer to the lord treasurer's Letter concludes this tedious and fruitless Negotiation between the parliaments of both kingdoms:

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Right Honourable; We received yours of the 31st of July; and to that part thereof which concerns public business, we cannot give your lordship any Answer, but have thought good to let your lordship understand, that an Order is come to our hand, dated July 22, 1648, by which we are recalled, and thereby our powers of any further transaction of business with your lordship, otherwise than in order to our return, we conceive are determined; as to that part wherein your lordship hath been pleased to manifest your care for our safe pass convoy, we return your lordship thanks. We are, &c. NOTTINGHAM, BRYAN STAPYL TON, ROB. GOODWYN, JOHN BIRCH. Einburgh, August 1."

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Debate in the Commons, on a Motion for declaring the Prince of Wales a Rebel and a Traitor.] August 4. This day a debate took place in the commons, relative to the Prince of Wales. The Sheriffs of London had presented to that house the copy of a Letter sent from the Prince to the lord mayor, aldermen, and common council of that city, with a Declaration expressing the reasons of his appearing on board the Fleet, both which we have before given at large: to these were annexed the copy of another Letter from his highness, addressed to the Company of Merchant-Adventurers of Eng land, informing them, That he had detained 3 of their ships, but without any intent to make prize of them; desiring to borrow 20,000l. to be repaid out of the Customs; and requiring their speedy Answer. The citizens being with

drawn, Mr. Ashe moved, That the common council and merchants should be forbidden to give any Auswer to the Prince's Letter; for that as he had engaged himself to the States of the Low Countries to do no act prejudicial to trade, there was no danger of his making prize of the ships he had stopped, though the 20,0001. should not be sent as desired.--Colonel Harvey, after aggravating many faults in the King's government, said, The Prince was his father's own son, as like him as could be. Sir Peter Wentworth urged, That he had animated the Scots to make the present invasion; and that, by his letter to the city, he had openly declared for them. To this Mr, Knightley adding, That the Prince had formerly been in arms against the parliament, and was but a subject, Mr. Blackiston moved, That the house should declare him a Rebel and a Traitor: but this motion, though earnestly insisted on, was laid by for the following Reasons: 1. "That they had not the originals of the Prince's Letter and Declaration, but only copies, not so much as attested upon oath by any authentic clerk; therefore no legal proceeding could be had upon them. 2. To vote the Prince a Traitor the same day that they sent messengers to invite the King, his father, to a treaty of Peace, would argue no peaceable inclination in them, and would be so understood by the people. 3. They were engaged by the National Covenant to defend the King's person, crown, and dignity; but the Prince, heir apparent to his crown, was, next under God, the chief supporter of his crown and dignity; therefore to vote him a Traitor, was to subvert his crown and dignity. 4. By the statute of the 25th Edw. 3. It is High Treason to endeavour the destruction of the Prince, the king's eldest son:' but to declare him a Kebel and a Traitor, was to endeavour to destroy him; and therefore high treason. 5. The people were already jealous that the King and his posterity should be laid by, and in them the monarchical government of this nation subverted, and a new form of government introduced; they had already, by the Votes of No Addresses to the King, and by their Declaration against him, (wherein they say, They can no longer confide in him') laid by the King; and now, to vote the Prince a Rebel and a Traitor, was to lay by both him and his brother the duke of York, who adheres to him, which would exceedingly confirm the people in their fears."

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Though this motion for declaring the Prince of Wales a Rebel and a Traitor, for taking arms against the parliament, miscarried in the house of commons; they nevertheless passed a Vote denouncing that censure against the, subjects of this kingdom who should adhere to or assist him in the present war, either by rea

or land; and that all such ought to be proceeded against as Traitors: they also made an Order forbidding the City and the MerchantAdventurers to give any Answer to the Pince's Letter, without the consent of that house; whereby they most effectually prevented the

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