sion directed against one of the other high contracting parties. The following shall be considered as acts of aggression:

1. A declaration of war,

2. Invasion by the armed forces of a State, even without a declaration of war, of the territory of another State,

3. Attack, by the land, naval or air forces of a State, even without a declaration of war, on the territory, battleships or aircraft of another State,

4. Direct or indirect aid or assistance to an aggressor.

The following shall not constitute acts of aggression:

1. The exercise of the right of legitimate defense, that is to say,
resistance to an act of aggression such as is defined above,
2. Action undertaken in accordance with Article 16 of the Cove-
nant of the League of Nations,

3. Action undertaken by reason of a decision taken by the
Assembly of the Council of the League of Nations or in
accordance with Paragraph 7 of Article 15 of the Covenant,
provided that in the latter case such action is directed
against the State which is the first to deliver the attack,
4. Aid or assistance to a State which is the victim of attack or
invasion, or an act of war by one of the high contracting
parties, contrary to the Treaty for the Renunciation of War
signed at Paris on August 27, 1938.

ARTICLE V. Should one of the high contracting parties consider that a violation of Article IV of the present treaty has been or is on the point of being completed, it will immediately place the question before the Council of the League of Nations. The preceding provision will not compromise the right of the high contracting party involved to take such action as may be judged necessary in the circumstances,

ARTICLE VI. Should one of the high contracting parties undertake an act of aggression against a third power, another of the high contracting parties may denounce the present treaty without notice in so far as the aggressor is concerned.

ARTICLE VII. Each of the high contracting parties mutually undertake to prevent within their frontiers the formation of armed bands, of associations or organizations seeking to overthrow the established institutions or to affect public order and security within the territory of another high contracting party.

ARTICLE VIII. The high contracting parties, having already recognized by virtue of the pact for the renunciation of war of August 27, 1928, that the regulation and solution of all differences or conflicts, of any nature or cause, which may arise between them, may not be adjusted except by pacific means, reaffirm this principle and declare that such differences shall be disposed of by such procedure as has been or will be provided by the high contracting parties.

ARTICLE IX. No Article of the present treaty may be interpreted as diminishing in any manner the obligations which each of the high contracting parties have assumed by virtue of the Covenant of the League of Nations.

ARTICLE X. The present treaty, written in French and signed in quadruplicate, of which each of the high contracting parties has received one copy, is valid for five years. At the expiration of this period the treaty will be considered as having been renewed for an additional period of five years provided that one of the high contracting parties has not notified its intention to denounce the treaty six months previously. The treaty will continue in force between those powers which have not denounced it.

The present treaty will be ratified by each of the high contracting parties in conformity with their respective laws, and will be recorded with the League of Nations through the Secretariat, which will be requested to inform other States members of the League. Ratifications shall be deposited by each of the high contracting parties with the Iranian Government.

The present treaty will enter into force between any two interested powers as soon as ratified by them; it will enter into force, in so far as the other interested powers are concerned, progressively with the deposit of the ratifications. Each ratification will be immediately made known to the signatories by the Government of Iran.

Signed at the palace of Sad'Abad, July 8, 1937.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

The following publications of direct interest in connection with Treaty Information have recently been released by the Department of State and may be secured from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.:

Reciprocal Trade: Agreement Between the United States of America and Costa Rica.-Signed November 28, 1936; effective August 2, 1937. Executive Agreement Series, No. 102. Publication No. 1047. 20 pp. 5¢. Exchange of Official Publications: Agreement Between the United States of America and Peru. Effected by exchange of notes signed October 16 and 20, 1936. Executive Agreement Series, No. 103. Publication No. 1049. 11 pp. 5¢.

Perpetual Leaseholds: Arrangement Between the United States of America and Japan. Effected by exchange of notes signed March 25, 1937. Executive Agreement Series, No. 104. Publication No. 1057. 8 pp. 5.

Extradition: Treaty Between the United States of America and Liechtenstein.-Signed May 20, 1936; proclaimed July 8, 1937. Treaty Series, No. 915. 14 pp. 5¢.

Extradition: Supplementary Treaty Between the United States of America and Rumania.-Signed November 10, 1936; proclaimed July 30, 1937. Treaty Series, No. 916. 3 pp. 5¢.

Preservation of Halibut Fishery of Northern Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea: Convention Between the United States of America and Canada Revising the Convention of May 9, 1930 (Treaty Series, No. 837). Treaty Series, No. 917. 4 pp. 5¢.

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PUBLICATION No. 1076

Published with the approval of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget