Mr. MEYER. No, sir, Mr. Chairman. I believe the first instance was the 1962 supplemental when we asked for an amount for 1962. I think that is the first time it was brought up.

Mr. ROONEY. That is all. Thank you, gentlemen.

AMBASSADOR AT KINGSTON, JAMAICA

Mr. Bow. I have one further question.

I notice you are beefing up Kingston, Jamaica, with the $52,200. Is that because you created an Embassy down there?

Mr. ORRICK. Yes, sir.

Mr. Bow. Do you have an Ambassador?

Mr. ORRICK. We will have.

Mr. Bow. Who is your Ambassador down there?

Mr. ORRICK. It is intended to appoint Mr. Doherty.

Mr. Bow. What is his background in diplomatic circles?

Mr. ORRICK. He is a noncareer Ambassador.

Mr. Bow. Wasn't he President of the Postal Carriers Union for a number of years?

Mr. ORRICK. Yes, sir.

Mr. THOMAS. Thank you very much.

Mr. Jensen?

PERSONNEL HAVING AUTHORITY TO COMMIT THE UNITED STATES

Mr. JENSEN. I would like to ask this question. I asked it a year or so ago of the Assistant Secretary of State and he gave me an answer that surprised not only me but the entire committee. The question is, how many people or employees in the State Department have authority to commit the American people in foreign matters without any restraint, or very little restraint or approval by the Secretary of State?

Mr. ORRICK. I would answer that, sir, each Assistant Secretary, the Under Secretary, and the Secretary.

Mr. JENSEN. I am asking you how many people have authority to commit the American people on domestic and foreign matters with every Nation, big and little, without restraint from the top echelon, such as the Secretary of State and the Assistant Secretary of State! Mr. ORRICK. I would answer, Mr. Jensen, those persons would total approximately 15.

Mr. JENSEN. Are you sure that is all? An Assistant Secretary of State, I think 2 years ago, indicated about 500 employees were authorized to send official telegrams, which pretty well accounts for the fact it seems the State Department is in trouble most of the time. You say there are only 15 people who have authority to commit the United States in foreign matters in the State Department?

Mr. ORRICK. That is right, sir, and none of them without restraint. I think from my observation we have quite a satisfactory supervisory organization there and the Secretary keeps his hand right on it as does the Under Secretary.

Mr. JENSEN. That is all, Mr. Chairman.

་

Mr. THOMAS. Thank you, gentlemen.

POLISH EXCHANGE RATE

Mr. ROONEY. How much, Mr. Lewis, was in the second supplemental bill in connection with the Polish zloty exchange? Do you recall? Mr. MEYER. I believe it is $141,300, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. ROONEY. There is now before us $143,000, is that right?

Mr. MEYER. That is right. At that time we were asking for $141,300 on the basis of a part-year cost and the estimate was higher than our current estimate.

Mr. ROONEY. Thank you, gentlemen.

Mr. THOMAS. Thank you, gentlemen.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 31, 1962.

ROLLA JEWEL BEARING PLANT

WITNESSES

HON. DON L. SHORT, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA

HON. HJALMAR C. NYGAARD, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA

Mr. THOMAS. Will the committee please come to order?

We have the pleasure of having with us this morning two of our distinguished and able colleagues, Don L. Short and Hjalmar C. Nygaard of North Dakota.

May I say to our collegues we are delighted and honored to have you with us. You are quite busy, we know, and we doubly appreciate your taking a little time and coming in and giving us the benefit of your good judgment and advice on this project.

Mr. Short, if you have a statement for us, we will put it in the record or, if you want to ad lib, do so. We want your advice and help.

STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE DON L. SHORT

Mr. SHORT. Mr. Chairman, thank you for that very generous introduction. I might say that I do not think I am nearly as busy perhaps as this committee is and I appreciate your taking a little time this morning to consider this item of an appropriation for this Rolla jewel bearing plant, the Turtle Mountain jewel bearing plant in North Dakota which is rather a unique operation.

I do not want to take up a lot of time of the committee this morning and if there are any questions I would be glad to try to answer them.

Mr. THOMAS. We will insert your statement at this point in the record.

Mr. SHORT. All right, Mr. Chairman.

(The statement follows:)

STATEMENT OF DON L. SHORT, MEMBER OF CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF
NORTH DAKOTA

Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, I appreciate the courtesy of the committee in extending me this opportunity to appear this morning in support

of an appropriation for the Rolla jewel bearing plant located at Rolla, N. Dak. This plant has a long and interesting history, with which I'm sure most of the members of the committee are familiar, so I will not take the committee's time in going into detail on this aspect.

I'm interested in the appropriation under consideration, of course, because it would tend to make more permanent a small industrial plant in North Dakota. This facility was established on somewhat of an experimental basis, with the thought of it being a means of providing employment for Indian people from the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation. This aspect of the plant's operation, I think, has been extremely successful in that the Indians have demonstrated a remarkable faculty and dexterity in the extremely meticulous operation of grinding and drilling these tiny jewel bearings. My colleague, Mr. Nygaard, in his statement will give you figures on the number of Indians employed and the number of families affected, so I will not go into detail on the matter of employment any more than to say that the plant has provided a real opportunity for employment for the Indians and the appropriation which we are supporting today would make this employment possibility even greater and more permanent. North Dakota is a predominantly agricultural State and any industrial activity tends to broaden and stabilize economic opportunities for our people.

Of even greater importance, in my opinion, is the maintenance in the United States of a capability now well established of producing jewel bearings which are critical to our defense needs and in the event of hostilities, would become vital. With the exception of limited production by a few specialists and a small plant in Canada, the Rolla plant is the only jewel bearing producing establishment with a large scale capability of quality production in the Western Hemisphere. Jewel bearings are presently and have traditionally been produced in Europe and primarily in Switzerland. The Soviet bloc has developed a capability of making itself self-sufficient and it would seem that it is just sound commonsense that we should maintain our capability, which becomes increasingly more important as we become more dependent on highly complicated electronic mechanisms for our defense. The Rolla plant has demonstrated, beyond any question of a doubt, its capability to produce jewel bearings of a quailty, and to any tolerances required, equal to, if not better than, any source of supply in the world today. This plant is not limited to the mass producion of standard-sized jewel bearings, but has demonstrated, time and again, its ability to produce special bearings, of special size, for special use.

Frankly, one of the problems involved with the operation of the Rolla jewel has been the unit cost of production. The Defense Department, after a recent review of the facility at Rolla, concluded that the availability of a domestic source of high quality jewel bearings was vital to our defense effort. They also concluded that modernization of the plant was overdue and that the cost of production could be substantially reduced, resulting in a savings to our Military Establishment.

I might say here, Mr. Chairman, that I am always amazed at the quality of the product which unquestionably continues to be turned out at the Rolla plant, when I visit the plant and see some of the almost antiquated equipment they are still using, to say nothing of the barn-like structure in which the plant is housed. I am amazed at the reputation for quality standards that has been so well established. As it becomes necessary to produce jewels to even more meticulous tolerances, temperature control in the building becomes vital, which is practically impossible under present circumstances.

I don't know whether it has been mentioned in any other testimony, but I believe an important aspect of this whole operation is the source of supply of the synthetic sapphire rods and blanks from which the tiny jewel bearings are produced. While this material can be secured from foreign countries and bas, in some instances, been secured from foreign countries for use by the Rolla plant, we do have a completely adequate supply capability within the United States. Another component in the process of turning out jewel bearings is diamond dust. While we do not have within the United States a source of commercial diamonds, we have developed through our strategic stockpile program, an adequate supply of diamond dust to serve our needs for the foreseeable future. It appears, therefore, that if the Rolla plant can be modernized, we will be establishing a capability of producing a vital defense item and will not be dependent on a foreign source of supply for either the bearings, themselves, or any of the components necessary in producing the bearings.

Mr. Chairman, this little plant, as I have already mentioned, is important so far as employment is concerned in the State I have the honor to represent in

Congress. Since it is the only plant of its kind with large capacity capability on the North American Continent, its importance must be recognized in our present defense effort.

I thank the committee for giving me this opportunity to appear before you. Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Short, thank you for your appearance.

You have made a very enlightening statement and the committee will try to go along with your recommendations here. We appreciate your advice.

For the record, we have with us another one of our very able colleagues, Mr. Nygaard.

Congressman, we appreciate your coming in, too. We know you gentlemen from North Dakota are quite busy these days, like everybody else, and it is not always convenient for you to stop your routine of day-to-day work and come before this committee. We appreciate your taking time out for this appearance.

Before you get started on your statement, how far do you live from this plant?

Mr. NYGAARD. I live about 225 miles from it.

Mr. THOMAS. 225 miles in your State is sort of like that distance in mine. It is not too far, is it?

Mr. NYGAARD. It is not very far.

Mr. THOMAS. You folks in North Dakota value this plant and feel that it means a whole lot to the area?

Mr. NYGAARD. It really does.

Mr. THOMAS. Tell us what you have on your mind and give us the benefit of your good judgment.

We will appreciate hearing what recommendations you have to

make.

STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE HJALMAR C. NYGAARD

Mr. NYGAARD. In the interests of time, Mr. Chairman, I will file a statement with you that I have prepared. I will just make some very brief off-the-cuff remarks.

(The statement follows:)

STATEMENT OF HJALMAR C. NYGAARD, MEMBER OF CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA

Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportunity to appear before you in support of the proposed supplemental appropriation of funds for the Rolla jewel bearing plant located at Rolla, N. Dak.

The

We are all aware of the importance of our stockpiling of jewel bearings. Office of Emergency Planning Advisory Committee, in their recommendation last fall, said this plant is "an integral part of our national defense and must be continued," and that it should be modernized and expanded as quickly as possible. While of course the primary purpose of this plant is national security, I should like to touch briefly on another factor involved here.

At the present time, I understand, there are approximately 85 Indian families receiving their livelihood from this project, and each of these wage earners is supporting an average of 5 persons. This means that approximately 425 Indians who would otherwise be dependent upon the Government are self-supporting as a result of employment at the Rolla plant. While the primary purpose of the plant is national security, we now find a collateral effect-the expenditure of Government funds for national security in this particular case is the amount of running the plant, less the foreign value of the jewels we produce, less the support of approximately 425 Indians by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

incidentally, although the establishment of the jewel bearing plant near a reservation was originally an experiment to determine whether the Indians would adapt to this technical work, it has been clearly established that they are very

willing and have been found to be very able to produce fine precision workmanship. Therefore, it is our hope that at a future date we may be able to develop other plants to provide work for more of our Indian population, thereby increasing their economy and elevating their general standard of living.

Gentlemen, I recommend most urgently that funds for the extension and expansion of the Rolla jewel bearing plant be approved.

Thank you.

Mr. NYGAARD. As you indicated, we are very proud of this plant and we are very proud of the fact that the Indians are able to do the precise work required in this type of industry. We have also learned that several plants have been established in this country and this is our only domestic source of this type of defense material. Therefore, we feel it is essential in that respect and we are also proud to know that the Indians are adept at this type of work and it is my personal feeling, which does not particularly relate to this matter, but it does relate to all Indian matters, as a result of what we learn here it is hopeful that some day we will be able to provide similar types of occupations for the Indian population in industry.

Mr. THOMAS. Is the materal mined locally?

Mr. NYGAARD. No, it is not.

Mr. THOMAS. From where is the material?

Mr. NYGAARD. Much of the material is imported. They are working quite generally with sapphire.

Mr. THOMAS. The committee was under the impression this is all imported the machines, materials, and everything else and it is a very tedious and skilled job. That is the answer to it?

Mr. NYGAARD. Yes, sir. They are dealing in millionths of an inch precision when they are working with this. It is very precise work. Mr. THOMAS. We do not have any of these jewels in this country? Do we mine them anyplace?

Mr. NYGAARD. I am not aware of any substantial amount.

Mr. THOMAS. Congressman Kirwan, you are an expert in this. Do we mine any of this anyplace in this country?

Mr. KIRWAN. I do not believe so, at least to any extent, most of it is imported.

Mr. THOMAS. Thank you, gentlemen.

You are very nice to come over and we appreciate your advice and assistance and help.

Mr. NYGAARD. Mr. Chairman, we appreciate your kind attention to this matter.

Mr. SHORT. Mr. Chairman, the new buildings are necessary in order to have some kind of temperature control in order to meet the tolerance requirements.

Mr. THOMAS. Thank you, gentlemen.

CHILDREN'S BUREAU-GRANTS FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD WELFARE

WITNESS

MRS. MARGARET K. TAYLOR, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, AMERICAN PARENTS COMMITTEE

Mr. THOMAS. The committee is delighted and honored to have you with us, Mrs. Taylor. We will be delighted to let you proceed as you prefer.