became apparent that many party, Soviet and economic activists who were branded in 1937-38 as "enemies" were actually never enemies, spies, wreckers, etc., but were always honest Communists; they were only so stigmatized, and often, no longer able to bear barbaric tortures, they charged themselves (at the order of the investigating judges-falsifiers) with all kinds of grave and unlikely crimes *** of the 139 members and candidates of the party's Central Committee who were elected at the 18th Congress, 98 persons, i. e. 70 percent, were arrested and shot (mostly in 1937-38) *** this terror was actually directed, not at the remnants of the defeated exploiting classes, but against honest workers of the party and of the Soviet State; against them were made lying, slanderous and absurd accusations ***. Many thousands of honest and innocent Communists have died as a result of this monstrous falsification of such "cases", as a result of the fact that all kinds of slanderous "confessions" were accepted, and as a result of the practice of forcing accusations against oneself and others.73

73 N. Khrushchev speech before the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Feb. 25, 1956.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The compendium we have made of the contradictions of communism should serve as a beginning to open up the subject. For those who would pursue the subject further we have added a recommended bibliography:

American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations, "Slave Labor in Russia" (Washington, 1949).

Borkenau, Franz "European Communism" (Harper & Bros., New York, 1953). Borkenau, Franz "World Communism" (W. W. Norton Co., Inc., New York, 1939).

Cronin, George W., "A Primer on Communism" (E. P. Dutton, New York, 1957). Dallin, David, "Changing World of Soviet Russia" (Yale University Press, New Haven, 1956).

Dallin, David and Nicolaevsky, Boris, "Forced Labor in the Soviet Union" (Yale University Press, New Haven, 1947).

Fainsod, Merle, "How Russia is Ruled" (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1953).

Gsovski, Vladimir and Grybowski, Kezimierz, "Government, Law and Courts
In the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" (Praeger, New York, 1958).
Gurien, Waldemar, "Bolshevism: Theory and Practice" (MacMillan, New York,
1932).

Hendel, Samuel, "The Soviet Crucible" (Princeton: D. Van Nostrand, 1959).
Hodgkinson, Harry, "The Language of Communism" (Pittman, New York, 1955).
Hook, Sidney, "The Ambiguous Legacy, Marx and the Marxists" (D. Van
Nostrand Co., Inc., Princeton, N.J., 1955).

Hoover, J. Edgar, "Masters of Deceit" (Holt, New York, 1958).

Hunt, Robert Nigel Carew, "A Guide to Communist Jargon" (Mac Millan, New York, 1957).

Hunt, Robert Nigel Carew, "Marxism, Past and Present" (MacMillan, New York, 1955).

Hunt, Robert Nigel Carew, "The Theory and Practice of Communism" (MacMillan, New York, 1951).

King-Hall, Stephen, "The Communist Conspiracy" (Constable, London, 1953).
Kulski, W. W., "The Soviet Regime" (Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, 1954).
LeRossignol, James Edward, "From Marx to Stalin" (Crowell, New York, 1940).
Meyer, Alfred G., "Leninism" (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1957).
Meyer, Alfred G., "Marxism, the Unity of Theory and Practice" (Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, 1954).

Orwell, George, "Animal Farm" (Harcourt Brace, New York, 1946, 1954).
Orwell, George, "1984" (Harcourt Brace, New York, 1949).

Overstreet, Harry and Bonaro, "What We Must Know About Communism" (W. W. Norton, New York, 1958).

Possony, Stefan T., "A Century of Conflict" (Regnery, Chicago, 1953).

Runes, Dagobertd, "The Soviet Impacts on Society" (Philosophical Library,
New York, 1953).

Schwarz, Solomon M., "Labor in the Soviet Union" (Praeger, New York, 1952).
Schwarzschild, Leopold, "The Red Prussian" (Scribner's, New York, 1947).
Seton-Watson, Hugh, "The History of World Communism" (Praeger, New York,
1953).

Turner, John Kenneth, "Challenge to Karl Marx" (Reynal & Hitchcock, New
York, 1941).

U.S. Congress, House Committee on Un-American Activities, "A Primer on Communism-200 Questions and Answers" (1956).

U.S. Congress, House Committee on Un-American Activities, "The Communist Conspiracy: Strategy and Tactics of World Communism" (Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1956).

U.S. Congress, Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, "The Communist Party of the United States, What It Is, How It Works" (Ú.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1956).

U.S. Department of State, Division of Research for U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe, "Soviet World Outlook-A Handbook of Communist Statements" (Washington, 1950).

USIA, "A Primer on Communism-200 Questions and Answers" (USIA, Press Service, Washington, 1956).

Wolfe, Bertram D., "Khrushchev and Stalin's Ghost" (Praeger, New York, 1957). Wolfe, Bertram D., "Six Keys to the Soviet System" (Beacon, Boston, 1956).

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
UNITED STATES SENATE

EIGHTY-SIXTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
PURSUANT TO

S. Res. 53

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SUBCOMMITTEE ON PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, AND COPYRIGHTS

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